海洋环境下粉煤灰混凝土的抗冻性与抗氯离子渗透性的耦合

针对海洋环境条件,重点研究了粉煤灰混凝土的抗冻性和氯离子渗透性能的相互关系.试验分别研究了水胶比、粉煤灰等量取代水泥掺量大小、引气剂掺量等因素对抗冻性和抗氯离子渗透性能的影响,并与普通混凝土进行了对比.结果表明,粉煤灰不增加混凝土的抗海水冻融耐久性;粉煤灰增加混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性能,但是掺量超过30%,抗氯离子渗透性能下降;粉煤灰对混凝土抗冻性和抗氯离子渗透性的耦合影响在30%左右存在一个最佳掺量.为评估混凝土的抗冻性和氯离子扩散性的耦合性能,提出了新的评价方法--冻渗比(R值方法),并进行了试验验证.SEM和MIP微观分析与R值方法评价的结果是吻合的.     

盐渍土环境下高吸水树脂混凝土抗压强度及氯离子渗透研究

标准养护和夏季自然养护的内养护混凝土在盐渍土环境中腐蚀不同龄期,测试其抗压强度及氯离子渗透性能。结果表明:无论标准养护还是自然养护,高吸水树脂的掺加均降低了混凝土早期强度,但当高吸水树脂掺量为1kg/m3时可提高混凝土后期强度,且提升幅度对低水胶比混凝土更明显。在盐渍土腐蚀环境中,普通混凝土强度先上升后下降,而内养护混凝土强度先下降后上升。高吸水树脂能够延缓混凝土抗压强度下降的速率,提升混凝土抗氯离子渗透能力。     

混凝土在海洋暴露过程中的氯离子渗透研究

将矿粉掺量0%~65%、粉煤灰掺量0%~30%混凝土置于海洋大气区、潮汐区2年,研究海洋不同区域、矿粉掺量、粉煤灰掺量对混凝土中氯离子渗透规律的影响。结果表明:混凝土在海洋环境下暴露2年,氯离子质量分数随着渗透深度的增加而减小,最后趋于稳定;海洋潮汐区腐蚀混凝土氯离子传输受扩散机制控制,而大气区腐蚀混凝土受到扩散和毛细吸附双重机制控制。随着腐蚀龄期的增加,混凝土中氯离子侵蚀深度增加,表面层氯离子浓度线性增加。潮汐区腐蚀混凝土的氯离子浓度高于大气区腐蚀混凝土,但其表观氯离子扩散系数小于大气区腐蚀混凝土。粉煤灰和矿粉掺量对于混凝土的抗氯离子渗透能力而言,其最优值分别为15%、30%。     

山东省龙口煤码头粉煤灰混凝土试验小结

本文介绍了掺粉煤灰混凝土在北方港口工程中的应用试验,主要对粉煤灰混凝土的强度、耐久性等性能进行了试验和研究,取得了较理想的结论,为粉煤灰混凝土的推广和应用积累了经验。     

青岛地铁3号线二次衬砌混凝土耐久性设计

分析了青岛地铁3号线所在地域的环境作用,并对地铁二次衬砌混凝土的耐久性进行研究。结果表明,青岛地铁要达到100 a设计使用年限,其内陆区域段混凝土强度等级应取C45,水胶比≤0.40;近海区域段混凝土强度等级应取C50,水胶比≤0.36,并分别确定围岩侧与行车侧的混凝土钢筋保护层厚度。     

全珊瑚骨料海水混凝土力学性能试验研究

为了探讨全珊瑚骨料海水混凝土的基本力学性能,并比较其与普通混凝土和轻集料混凝土的差异,通过实验系统测定了珊瑚混凝土的基本力学性能,建立了其轴心抗压强度(f_(c,m))、劈裂抗拉强度(f_(sp,m))、抗折强度(f_(t,m))与立方体抗压强度(f_(cu,m))之间的线性关系与计算公式。结果表明:在强度等级C20~C50的范围内,珊瑚混凝土的f_(c,m)和f_(sp,m)分别比普通混凝土的f_(c,m)和f_(sp,m)高出10%~48%和9%~33%,随着强度等级的提高,两种混凝土之间的差距在减小。珊瑚混凝土的f_(t,m)与普通混凝土的ft,m之间的差异规律与强度等级有关,较低强度等级的C30珊瑚混凝土ft,m比普通混凝土的f_(t,m)要高4%,而较高强度等级的C55珊瑚混凝土f_(t,m)比普通混凝土的f_(t,m)低13%。较高强度等级的C50珊瑚混凝土f_(c,m)、f_(sp,m)和f_(t,m)分别比页岩陶粒轻集料混凝土的f_(c,m)、f_(sp,m)和f_(t,m)低11%、0.9%和4%。     

风电高桩承台混凝土施工裂缝控制技术研究

文章针对海上风电高桩承台混凝土裂缝控制难度大的问题,以上海临港海上风电II期工程为例,优选原材料,开展室内配合比优化试验研究,采用ANSYS软件分别对布置冷却水管和未布置冷却水管的施工工况进行模拟研究,并进行混凝土现场施工质量控制研究。结果表明:掺加适量矿粉、粉煤灰能有效降低混凝土的绝热温升,在混凝土内部布置冷却水管能有效降低混凝土内部的最高温度和内表温差,从而显著降低混凝土的开裂风险;通过采取现场严格的混凝土原材料、坍落度、振捣工艺控制和保温、保湿养护等技术措施,基本消除了风电高桩承台混凝土的裂缝;形成了海上风电高桩承台混凝土配合比设计、混凝土内部布设冷却水管、温度场分布模拟和现场施工质量控制等裂缝控制成套技术,有效控制了海上风电高桩承台混凝土裂缝。     

超声回弹综合法检测单一构件混凝土强度推定值的保证率分析

在实际工程检测数据的基础上,利用M on te C arlo试验对单一构件混凝土强度推定值的保证率问题进行了分析。30片梁板实测数据分析结果表明:将构件各测区混凝土强度换算值的最小值作为该构件的混凝土强度推定值的保证率范围为79.0%~94.2%,小于《超声回弹综合法检测混凝土强度技术规程》(CECS 02:88)规定的95%保证率要求,因此,对结构性能鉴定而言该混凝土强度推定值是偏于不安全的,应引起试验检测人员的充分重视。     

海水环境粉煤灰混凝土结构耐久性现场检测与评估分析

对服役12年的华南某跨海大桥典型构件开展碳化性能、氯离子扩散性能等指标的耐久性检测,评估了海水环境下掺粉煤灰的高性能混凝土长期耐久性。研究表明:随高程的增加混凝土碳化深度逐渐增大,其中大气区浪溅区水位变动区,碳化作用对粉煤灰混凝土结构耐久性的影响较小;粉煤灰可显著提升实体结构混凝土抗氯离子侵蚀性能,粉煤灰高性能混凝土的氯离子扩散系数不大于0.40×10-12m2/s,比普通混凝土氯离子扩散系数降低了约6倍;利用规范计算了引桥承台混凝土中氯离子含量计算值,其计算值与实测值吻合较好,可用于实体工程混凝土结构的耐久性评估,评估结果显示采用粉煤灰高性能的桥梁典型构件满足100年设计使用寿命的要求。     

椰丝纤维加筋对钙质砂强度影响的试验研究与机理分析

通过纤维加筋来加固南海钙质砂对我国南海岛礁海岸带边坡防护的安全稳固具有重要意义。本文将南海钙质砂掺入不同含量(0.2%、0.5%、0.8%、1.1%、1.4%和1.7%)的椰丝纤维,通过室内三轴试验,对椰丝纤维加筋钙质砂的应力-应变关系、纤维掺量对峰值强度及割线模量的影响进行了研究。试验结果表明：加筋钙质砂的抗剪强度和割线模量随椰丝掺量先增大后减小。当椰丝纤维掺量为1.4%时,加筋钙质砂的峰值强度和割线模量分别为293 kPa和2.85 MPa,此时纤维掺量为最佳;当椰丝纤维掺量为1.1%时,加筋钙质砂峰值强度所对应的应变最大,此时椰丝在砂土中分布较为均匀,延性效果最好。研究成果可对纤维加筋钙质砂应用于南海岛礁海岸带边坡防护提供试验数据和理论依据。     

上海洋山建港后港域夏季水文泥沙状况分析

对2007年9月17-26日在上海洋山港海域固定观测点(平均水深13 m)观测得到的水文泥沙要素,以及悬沙和底质样品分析.分析结果为:1)港域有效波高0.21-1.37 m(风速0.6～14.0 m/s),平均0.61 m(平均风速5.5 m/s).平静天气(平均风速小于5.0 m/s)下,波高随水深变化,两者的相关系数为0.899;而在强风天气下,波高受风况控制.2)最大表层流速超过2.00 m/s.大潮涨潮流占优势,小潮时落潮流占优势;与北岛链汉道封堵前相比,大潮涨、落潮平均流速分别减小15%和30%,小潮涨、落潮平均流速均减小30%～40%.各层余流均为西北方向,与涨潮流方向一致;垂向平均余流速0.11 cm/s,表层达0.25 m/s.3)离底高程1.35 m层和0.35m层最大悬沙浓度均大于3 kg/m3,两层平均悬沙浓度分别为0.89和0.95 kg/m3.无论大潮还是小潮涨潮悬沙浓度均大于落潮,这种现象在大潮时更为显著,潮周期中最大悬沙浓度出现在涨急.与工程前相比悬沙浓度明显降低,大、小潮降低均达20%.4)港区底质平均粒径9.0μm,工程后有变细的趋势.     

Effect of Fly Ash on Frost-Resistance and Chloride Ions Diffusion Properties of Marine Concrete

It is necessary to pay more attention to the durability of concrete undergoing freeze-thaw cycles and seawater attack simultaneously.Investigated are the effects of water-binder ratio,fly ash (FA) contents and air-entraining agent on resistance to frost and chloride diffusion of marine concrete blended with FA in natural seawater.The results show that fly ash does not improve the frost resistance of concrete but can improve its resistance to chloride diffusion by addition of less than 30%.The resistance to frost and chloride diffusion of FA concrete can be improved with the decrease of water-binder ratio,and FA may improve both of them simultaneously only being mixed with air-entraining agent.A ratio (named as R) of the frost-resisting durability factor to chloride diffusion coefficient can be used to evaluate the durability of marine concrete.Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses are consistent with the evaluations by the value of R.     

钢筋混凝土耐久性海洋暴露试验

对不同技术条件的钢筋混凝土试件进行长期的海洋暴露腐蚀试验,以了解其服役特性,为钢筋混凝土结构的耐久性设计提供依据。近7年的暴露结果表明：在混凝土中掺加高炉矿渣等活性掺合料,能大大降低氯离子渗透速率,提高钢筋混凝土的耐久性。     

Experimental Evaluation of Recycled Aggregate Porous Concrete Piles for Soft Ground Improvement

The use of sand compaction pile or gravel compaction pile is nowadays a common approach for soft ground improvement. In this article, a recycled aggregate porous concrete pile has been developed by replacing natural aggregates with recycled aggregates to overcome issues related to bulging failure or reduced section geometries. Such issues may arise during installation and during the early stages of operation. In addition, the proposed approach utilizes recycled aggregates instead of natural materials. To investigate the applicability of the recycled aggregate porous concrete pile method as a ground improvement technique, a series of laboratory model consolidation tests was performed on soft clay soil reinforced with sand compaction pile, gravel compaction pile, and recycled aggregate porous concrete pile, respectively. The results indicated that the settlement reduction effect of recycled aggregate porous concrete pile was significantly higher than the sand compaction pile and gravel compaction pile methods. The stress sharing ratio from the experimental program showed good agreement with those calculated by elasticity theory. Comparative analyses of the recycled aggregate porous concrete pile versus sand compaction pile and gravel compaction pile approaches, under the same replacement area ratio and surcharge pressure, showed significantly improved consolidation time, settlement reduction, and stress sharing effect.     

Long-Term Consolidation and Strength Behavior of Marine Clay Improved with Fly Ash

This paper presents an investigation of the long-term consolidation and strength behavior with fly ash as an additive in improving soft marine clay in Wando, Korea. 0%, 5%, 10%, 20% and 25% of the soil was replaced with fly ash. Consolidation tests were performed as incremental loaded tests. In addition, unconfined compressive strength were determined after 1, 14, 28 and 90 days. A series of forty-two long-term consolidation tests that lasted for 60 days under the constant loading were also conducted. Creep settlements of the blends decreased significantly with an increase in fly ash content. The shear strength properties increased with an increase in fly ash content. Statistical evaluation reveals an excellent correlation between the measured and predicted undrained shear strengths.     

Comparison between reactive MgO- and Na2SO4-activated low-calcium fly ash-solidified soils dredged from East Lake,China

Abstract

A novel approach to mitigate the environmental concerns associated with cement industry is to replace Portland cement with low carbon alternative materials such as fly ash-based geopolymer cement. Hence, reactive MgO-activated low-calcium Class F fly ash was employed in comparison to Na₂SO₄-activated fly ash to stabilize a lacustrine soil reused potentially in soft coastal reclamation projects and as reinforced aggregates for anti-corrosion in marine engineering. The microstructural and strength properties were investigated with series of tests including X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry/differential thermogravimetry (TG/DTG), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and unconfined compressive strength (UCS). The results demonstrate that the main hydration products in reactive MgO- and Na₂SO₄-fly ash-solidified soils are, respectively, magnesium silicate hydrate (M-S-H) gel and sodium aluminosilicate hydrate (N-A-S-H) gel. This finding is reconfirmed by the weight loss of solidified samples at 40–200?°C, which is correspondingly attributed to the dehydration of magnesium silicate hydrate (M-S-H) gel and sodium aluminosilicate hydrate (N-A-S-H) gel. The morphology and bonding ability of hydration products affects the microstructure and long-term strength of solidified soils. The microstructural change identified from SEM images coincides well with the quantitative evolution of pore structure. The pores with radius of 0.01–1?µm, i.e., micropore and mesopore, are supposed to be the dominant pores in reactive MgO- and Na₂SO₄-activated fly ash-solidified soils. The comparison of UCS indicates reactive MgO-activated low-Ca fly ash behaves much superior to Na₂SO₄-activated fly ash in enhancing the long-term compressive strength of soils. This study provides insight into the promising potential of low-Ca fly ash activated by immerging material – reactive MgO to replace cement in soil improvement.     

Properties and performance of a high volume fly ash grout

Abstract

This study investigated the penetrability of high volume fly ash cement suspensions prepared with and without superplasticizer into sandy soil having different relative densities with 30%, 60%, 73%, and 83% through permeation grouting. Class C fly ash was used due to its pozzolanic activity and fineness. Due to engineering characteristics and cost, cementitious grouts are the most commonly used grout in both waterproofing and ground strengthening. Fly ash-cement grouts have relatively constant and low viscosity values for a reasonable period after preparation, exhibit limited or negligible bleed capacity and set and develop satisfactory strength within a relatively short period. Modeling of grouting of soil was done in laboratory and improvements in physical and mechanical properties of grouted soil were analyzed. Unconfined compressive strength, shear strength and permeability characteristics of grouted soil were studied as a result. Unconfined compressive strength values of grouted sand with high volume fly ash ranged between 410 and 1107?kPa. Morover, cohesion values were comparable to microfine cement grouting ranging from 373 to 511?kPa. Furthermore, permeability values were also approximately equal to the permeability of impervious liners, which is around 1?×?10^?7?cm/s. The findings support the applicability of grouting in different applications.     

Effect of polymer and fiber usage on dewatering and compressibility behavior of fly ash slurries

Coal ash producing is an increasing trend because of its high energy demand worldwide. For transportation, disposal, and reuse of the industrial waste materials, geotextile tube’s dewatering technology has been widely used over the last three decades, which helps to decrease the volume of the dewatered slurry. In this study, effect of usage of polymer and fibers on dewatering characteristic of fly ash slurries was investigated. For the experimental investigation, an anionic polymer and short nylon fibers were used. As a new concept, centrifuge test is introduced as an alternative for the widely used pressure filtration test (PFT). Centrifuge test was used to evaluate final solid content of the retained sediments and change in slurry volume of fly ash. Tests were conducted on unconditioned and anionic polyacrylamide and/or fiber conditioned fly ash slurries. Centrifuge test results were compared with PFT results with respect to final solid content. It was found that fiber and/or polymer usage has remarkable effect on the dewatering rate of fly ash slurry. It was also found that final solid content of fly ash slurries was decreased by inclusion of fibers and polymer, which indicates that fiber and/or polymer usage can create more permeable soil body.