乌鲁木齐天文站脉冲星观测研究新进展

乌鲁木齐天文站自 1 999年研制完成 1 .5GHz频段室温双偏振消色散接收系统。 2 0 0 2年又完成 1 .5GHz频段致冷式双偏振消色散接收系统。我们成功地完成了第一个国际合作协议的任务。为在我国建立高灵敏度的观测脉冲星设备和取得优秀的脉冲星观测结果作出了贡献。为了进一步发展乌站脉冲星观测 ,第二个合作协议包括利用致冷式系统进行脉冲星大样本的监测和建立低频段的基带技术的消色散系统。     

毫秒脉冲星计时观测的研究进展

对毫秒脉冲星时间测量的理论、方法和技术研究的进展进行了阐述。根据近年来取得的观测研究结果,毫秒脉冲星计时测量误差～2×10－7秒,毫秒脉冲星自转周期稳定性足以和现代原子钟相媲美：其相对频率不稳定度达到1×10－14（1年≤γ≤5．2年）,并可望更高。近年来,脉冲星计时观测系统的接收灵敏度获得很大改进,计时观测的数据采集、处理技术、脉冲到达时间分析模型研究等都有长足发展。通过综合脉冲星时间算法得到的脉冲星时间尺度将比现代原子时具有更高的长期稳定度。叙述了脉冲星的物理特性及有关计时观测系统的技术成果,如观测频率和带宽的选择,消色散和接收系统灵敏度等问题。最后对毫秒脉冲星时间测量的误差源进行了讨论,并对脉冲星时间尺度的应用前景做了展望。     

带自定标的自动电磁环境频谱监测系统

脉冲星是一类自转极为稳定、辐射电磁脉冲的中子星。脉冲星研究的3个前沿领域使得与其相关的射电天文观测需要更多更宽的无线电频段。来自深空微弱的射电信号及射电望远镜的高灵敏度等特点,又使射电观测易受到来自人类活动产生的电磁干扰的影响,甚至有时对射电观测带来致命影响,因此射电观测需要选择电磁环境优异的地方建站。利用宽带噪声源、50Ω匹配负载、高低频天线组成具有三重定标校准的监测系统。系统处于哀牢山生态站进行不同频段(100 MHz~18 GHz)、多方位角、两个极化角、不同气候环境下的观测。阐述了对观测数据进行统计分析及处理的方式。系统可以广泛用于野外电磁环境监测及射电望远镜选址等领域。     

地壳固体潮运动的脉冲星观测效应

本文提出由地壳的固体潮运动对脉冲星周期变化产生观测效应的问题．指出，这种效应对某些脉冲星周期变化的影响在现代脉冲星观测中是不可忽视的；随着观测精度的提高，在测定脉冲星的周期和周期变率的过程中，进一步考虑固体潮的影响以及利用脉冲星观测资料分析研究固体潮是今后值得重视的研究方向．     

我国脉冲星观测研究的进展和前景

介绍了脉冲星观测研究的意义,国际上所取得的重大成就和脉冲星观测最的技术问题, 国脉冲星观测研究和现状和潜力,存在的问题和美好的前景,对正在执行的由中,澳,英合作的“利用乌鲁木齐２５ｍ射电镜远镜在１８ｃｍ波段上进行脉冲星脉冲到达时间的观测研究”项目,就其课题意义,接收系统的技术改造和观测灵敏度等进行了介绍,展 ＦＡＳＴ望远镜观测脉冲星的前景。     

几何因素对脉冲星自转参数的影响

脉冲星自转参数是脉冲星最重要的参数之一,能反映脉冲星本身的物理性质.根据计时观测所得的自转参数除了包含脉冲星本身固有的部分,还受到几何因素的影响,例如地球自转参数、岁差章动模型、行星历表误差、脉冲星相对于太阳系质心(solar system barycenter,SSB)的速度和加速度.通过分析脉冲星计时观测模型,从而推导出这些因素与脉冲星自转参数的关系,进一步估计了这些因素对自转参数影响的量级大小.在现有的观测精度下,地球自转参数和岁差章动模型的误差对计时观测的影响可忽略,可以认为脉冲星自转参数不受其影响.行星历表误差对自转参数的影响远小于自转参数本身,同样可以忽略.脉冲星相对于太阳系质心的视向速度影响到脉冲星周期,该影响比脉冲星本身周期约小4个量级.值得注意的是,脉冲星横向速度和脉冲星相对于太阳系质心的视向加速度对周期变率的影响不可忽略,特别是对于周期变率较小的毫秒脉冲星来说,这两个因素的影响可能是脉冲星视周期变率中的主要成分.     

脉冲星观测中的日月岁差效应

脉冲星周期和周期变率的测量中存在着日月岁差效应.通过对日月岁差效应的分析,发现它已经影响到了某些脉冲星的周期的精密测量.在对1771颗脉冲星测量周期的分析和检测中,有81颗脉冲星的测量周期在它们的测量精度范围内受到日月岁差效应的影响.随着观测精度的提高,在以后的脉冲星周期和周期变率的精密测量中,这些影响应该得到相应的改正.     

脉冲星数据比对分析和可视化系统设计与实现

脉冲星数据比对分析和可视化系统(PSRDB,URL:http://www.psrdb.net/),由FAST(Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope)早期科学数据中心团队为快速开展脉冲星候选体比对分析和数据管理研发.通过前端数据提交页面,接收和维护来自FAST及其他研究机构的候选体数据.目前,PSRDB已收录自1967年人类发现第1颗脉冲星以来所有公开文献发表的2811颗脉冲星样本,并采集了当前主要巡天项目尚未正式发表的源和候选体,如FAST多科学目标同时扫描巡天(CRAFTS)候选体数据.基于入库基础数据,利用位置、周期、色散等参数进行比对分析,辅助科研工作者在线检索匹配已知星表数据,最后将检索匹配、比对分析结果生成图表供进一步分析.目前,PSRDB已被应用于FAST脉冲星搜寻和候选体数据管理.未来,PSRDB可在新源认证、后随观测、观测计划制定和原始数据处理流程设计等方面提供数据和工具支撑.     

银河系球状星团射电脉冲星的统计研究

球状星团是银河系中最古老的天体系统之一,其恒星密度极端高的核心有利于创造双星之间进行物质交换的环境,从而形成毫秒脉冲星双星、掩食脉冲双星、主序-毫秒脉冲双星、高轨道偏心率双星等双星系统,通过对这些系统进行研究有助于进一步认识球状星团的动力学、双星系统的演化和星际介质等相关问题。自30年前在球状星团中发现第一颗射电脉冲星至今,随着较高灵敏度射电望远镜的不断建成和使用,以及数据数字化处理能力的提高,天文学家在球状星团射电脉冲星的观测和理论研究方面取得很大进展。收集并分析了最新的球状星团脉冲星的数据,研究了球状星团射电脉冲星的自转周期和轨道周期的基本性质,讨论了球状星团脉冲星的搜寻,最后统计分析了双星系统,包括不同伴星类型的脉冲星的分布以及掩食双星系统的性质。     

射电快速精细结构在太阳耀斑中产生相位的观测分析

利用云南天文台射电四频率（1.42,2.13,2.84和4.26GHz）同步观测系统于1989.12-1994.1和北京天文台射电频谱仪（2.6-3.8GHz)于1996.11-1998.5的观测资料，仅对太阳和射电爆发中40个事件作了一个初步的统计分析，就微波低频段的快速精细结构在耀斑中产生的相位作了一个探索，期望找出太阳射电在此频段内快速活动产生相位的规律性。     

Multi-frequency observations of PSR B 0329+54

We present the results of observations of the pulsar PSR B0329+54 at 0.327, 1.5, 2.3, 4.8 and 8.4 GHz during 1999 between 03–12 and 06–08, using the 25-m radio telescope of NAOC Urumqi Station. The spectrum shows a bend, the spectral index is 1.59 at the low frequency end, and 2.45 at the high frequency end. The angular width of the average pulse profile and the angular separation between two weak peaks both decrease with increasing frequency.     

VLBI observation of giant radio galaxy J1313+696 at 2.3/8.4 GHz

We report the result of VLBI observation of the giant radio galaxy J1313+696 (4C +69.15) at 2.3/8.4 GHz, only the core component of the giant radio galaxy was detected in the VLBI observation at the dual frequencies. The result shows a steep spectrum core with α=?0.82 (S ∝ ν ^α ) between 2.3 GHz and 8.4 GHz. The steep spectrum core may be a sign of renewed activity. Considering also the upper limit flux density of 2.0 mJy at 0.6 GHz from Konar et al. 2004 (Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 355:845, 2004) the core has a GHz-peaked spectrum, implying that the core is compact and absorbed. Further high resolution VLBI observations are needed to identify if the steep spectrum core is consisting of a core and steep spectrum jet.     

脉冲星PSR B0329+54的多波段观测

给出1999年3月12日至6月8日,使用国家天文观测中心乌鲁木齐南山站25m射电望远镜在0．327GHZ,1．5GHZ,2．3GHZ,4．8GHZ和8．4GHZ频段,对脉冲星PSRB0329＋54进行的多波段观测结果．PSRB0329＋54的辐射呈幂律谱,并出现频谱转折现象,低频段谱指数为1．59,高频段为2．45,平均谱指数为1．72．五个频段上的平均脉冲轮廓的角宽度和二个弱成分峰值间的角宽度都随频率的增加而减小．     

Microwave radiation from young solar type stars observed with the Very Large Array in Socorro

Four very young (0.25 GYr) dwarf stars were observed at 4.9, 8.4, and 15.0 GHz for a total of 29 hours spread over 10 days during June, July, and August 1993. The Very Large Array in Socorro, New Mexico, was used in C configuration with the maximum antenna separation of 3.4 km. Analysis of observational data so far reveal a flux of 0.226 mJy at 4.9 GHz and 0.093 mJy at 8.4 GHz from HD39587, and 0.041 mJy at 4.9 GHz from HD72905. Upper limits for flux were established for HD72905 (0.017 mJy @ 8.4 GHz) , HD115383 (0.053 mJy @ 4.9 GHz, and 0.055 mJy @ 8.4 GHz), and HD206860 (0.042 mJy @ 4.9 GHz, and 0.045 mJy @ 8.4 GHz). Preliminary results from 15.0 GHz observations are also included.     

VLBA multi-frequency monitoring of SS433

We present results of VLBA observations of SS433 at two epochs at 5, 8.4, and 15 GHz. The AU-scale region of the source is resolved and shows the familiar quasi-symmetric core-jet structures. But at another epoch, the maps show bright knots ejected a few days before the observation, while the core-complex disappeared. The bright jet components are completely depolarised with fractional polarization less than 0.5%. We also present the first VLBI image of SS433 at 22 GHz.     

Differential astrometry over 15°

We observed the pair of radio sources 1150+812 and 1803+784 in November 1993 with a VLBI array, simultaneously recording at 8.4 and 2.3 GHz. We determined the angular separation between the two sources with submilliarcsecond accuracy by using differential techniques. This result demonstrates the feasibility of high precision differential astrometry for radio sources separated in the sky by almost 15°, and opens the avenue to its application to larger samples of radio sources.     

The Two Mini-lobes of the CSO OQ208—— VLBI Observations at 5 GHz and 8.4 GHz

We present the results of VLBI observations at 5 GHz and 8.4 GHz of the compact symmetric object (CSO) OQ208. Images taken on four epochs at 5GHz and one at 8.4GHz show that the parsec radio structure of the source consists of two mini-lobes, both of them are resolved into two hot-spots. We note that the component D is stronger than the component C in the south-west region at 5 GHz, indicating that component D is less free-free absorbed than C at low frequency. On the basis of the separation of components A and D, a proper motion of 0.032±0.02 mas yr~(-1) between the two mini-lobes is estimated. This value is about half the previous estimates based on the separation of components A and C with 8.4 GHz VLBI data. The reason for the decrease in the expansion velocity is discussed.     

Submilliarcsecond Astrometry Over Large Sky Separations

We observed the pair of radio sources 1150+812 and 1803+784 in November 1993 with an intercontinental array of radio telescopes, simultaneously recording at 8.4 and 2.3 GHz, using the very-long-baseline interferometric technique. We determined the angular separation between the two sources with submilliarcsecond accuracy by using differential techniques. This result validates the feasibility of high precision differential astrometry for radio sources separated in the sky by almost 15°, and opens the avenue to its application to larger samples of radio sources. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A flare-associated thermal burst in the mm-wave region

A mm-wave thermal burst has been observed at 73 GHz. The simultaneous observation at 17 GHz revealed that this mm-wave burst was quite a different component from the non-thermal burst co-existing at a cm-wavelength range. Since the source of this burst seemed to be opaque or nearly opaque, the temperature became several tens of thousands degrees. Considering also the similarity between time profiles of the 73 GHz intensity and the H light curve, it is concluded that this mm-wave burst is situated very close to the H flare region.     

Joint radio and soft x-ray imaging of an ‘anemone’ active region

The Very Large Array and the Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT) aboard the Yohkoh satellite jointly observed the rapid growth and decay of a so-called anemone active region on 3–6 April, 1992 (AR 7124). The VLA obtained maps of the AR 7124 at 1.5, 4.7, and 8.4 GHz. In general, discrete coronal loop systems are rarely resolved at 1.5 GHz wavelengths because of limited brightness contrast due to optical depth effects and wave scattering. Due to its unusual anemone-like morphology, however, several discrete loops or loop systems are resolved by both the VLA at 1.5 GHz and the SXT in AR 7124.Using extrapolations of the photospheric field and the radio observations at 4.7 and 8.4 GHz, we find that the microwave emission is the result of gyroresonance emission from a hot, rarefied plasma, at the second and/or third harmonic. The decimetric source is complex -1.5 GHz emission from the leading part of AR 7124 is due to free-free emission, while that in the trailing part of the active region is dominated by gyroresonance emission. We also examine an interesting case of a discrete radio loop with no soft X-ray (SXR) emission adjacent to a hot SXR loop. This observation clearly shows the multithermal nature of the solar corona.