页岩气高压吸附特征及其对储采规律的影响

针对目前页岩吸附等温线测试温度、压力通常未达到储层温压条件这一问题,设计了页岩高温高压吸附等温线测试方法,研究了储层温度、压力条件下页岩吸附等温线特征,以实际页岩岩心为例计算了游离气和吸附气随压力的变化规律,并采用全直径页岩氦气和甲烷控压生产实验研究了吸附气对产气特征的影响。结果表明：视吸附量先随压力增大而增大,到达峰值之后视吸附量随压力的增大而减小;在低压条件下,采用Langmuir外推计算的吸附气量与高压实验计算的吸附气量相差不大;而在高压条件下,采用低压Langmuir理论推算总含气量高估9.2%;低于临界解吸压力时,吸附气解吸附使得单位压差产气量增加;高于临界解吸压力时,吸附气对单位压差产气量几乎没有影响;开发初期,低于临界解吸压力范围较小,吸附气对产气量贡献较小,尽可能动用游离气是高效开发的关键。     

页岩水平井多段分簇压裂起裂压力数值模拟

页岩储层孔隙度和渗透率极低,天然裂缝和水平层理发育,常规压裂增产措施无法满足页岩气的开发要求,水平井多段分簇压裂是页岩气开发的关键技术之一,该技术能够大幅度提升压裂改造的体积、产气量和最终采收率。为确定页岩储层水平井多段分簇射孔压裂的起裂点和起裂压力,采用有限元方法建立了水平井套管完井（考虑水泥环和套管的存在）多段分簇射孔的全三维起裂模型。数值模型的起裂压力与室内试验结果吻合较好,证明了数值模型的准确性和可靠性。利用数值模型研究了页岩水平井多段分簇射孔压裂的起裂点和起裂压力的影响因素,研究发现：射孔孔眼附近无天然裂缝或水平层理影响,起裂点发生在射孔簇孔眼的根部;射孔簇间距越小,中间射孔簇的干扰越大,可能造成中间的射孔簇无法起裂;射孔密度和孔眼长度增大,起裂压力降低;天然裂缝的存在,在某些情况能够降低起裂压力且改变起裂位置,主要与天然裂缝的分布方位及水平主应力差有关;水平层理可能会降低起裂压力,但与垂向主应力与水平最小主应力的差值有关。获得的起裂压力变化规律,可作为进一步研究水平井多段分簇射孔条件下的裂缝扩展规律的基础,可以为压裂设计和施工的射孔参数确定及优化给出具体建议。     

Prediction of Flowing Bottomhole Pressures for Two-Phase Coalbed Methane Wells

A method is proposed to predict the flowing bottomhole pressures(FBHPs)for two-phase coalbed methane(CBM)wells.The mathematical models for both gas column pressure and two-phase fluid column pressure were developed based on the well liquid flow equation.FBHPs during the production were predicted by considering the effect of entrained liquid on gravitational gradients.Comparison of calculated BHPs by Cullender-Smith and proposed method was also studied.The results show that the proposed algorithm gives the desired accuracy of calculating BHPs in the lowproductivity and low-pressure CBM wells.FBHP is resulted from the combined action of wellhead pressure,gas column pressure and fluid column pressure.Variation of kinetic energy term,compressibility and friction factors with depth increments and liquid holdup with velocity should be considered to simulate the real BHPs adequately.BHP is a function of depth of each column segment.The small errors of less than 1.5%between the calculated and measured values are obtained with each segment within 25 m.Adjusting BHPs can effectively increase production pressure drop,which is beneficial to CBM desorption and enhances reservoir productivity.The increment of pressure drop from 5.37 MPa2 to 8.66 MPa2 leads to an increase of CBM production from 3270 m3/d to 6700 m3/d and is attributed to a decrease in BHP from 2.25 MPa to 1.33 MPa.     

柴达木盆地东部石炭系页岩气储层渗流特征研究

页岩气是一种潜在资源量巨大的非常规天然气资源,页岩气藏具有多尺度的孔渗结构及多种渗流形态,研究页岩气藏储渗特征能够为页岩气的勘探开发提供理论支撑。该研究选取了柴达木盆地东部石炭系克鲁克组与怀头他拉组的页岩钻井岩心共5个样品,应用氩离子抛光扫描电镜实验与孔径分布测试(包括压汞法、氮气吸附法、二氧化碳吸附法)对页岩的孔隙结构特征进行定性定量测试。基于页岩气质量流量渗流模型,给出页岩表观渗透率与平均压力的关系。通过甲烷渗流模拟实验测定页岩的表观渗透率。从表观渗透率随平均压力的变化特征出发,分析页岩储层中的气体渗流规律。研究结果表明：页岩气的渗流形态包括滑脱流、扩散流及达西流。在低压情况下,渗透率低的页岩中以扩散流为主,其次为滑脱流。随渗透率的增大,渗流主要形式转变为滑脱流。当压力大于2 MPa时渗流形态以达西流为主,滑脱与扩散行为不明显。研究区内页岩微孔与中孔发育较多,达西渗透率与大孔的孔隙体积相关性较大,扩散流对表观渗透率的贡献与50 nm以下的孔隙孔体积比例有一定的相关性。低压下扩散流对表观渗透率的贡献较大,扩散流是一种非常重要的页岩气运移形式。     

Gas flow in anisotropic claystone: modelling triaxial experiments

Selected gas pulse tests on initially saturated claystone samples under isotropic confinement pressure are simulated using a 3D thermo‐hydro‐mechanical code. The constitutive model considers the hydro‐mechanical anisotropy of argillaceous rocks. A cross‐anisotropic linear elastic law is adopted for the mechanical behaviour. Elements for a proper modelling of gas flow along preferential paths include an embedded fracture permeability model. Rock permeability and its retention curve depend on strains through a fracture aperture. The hydraulic and mechanical behaviours have a common anisotropic structure. Small‐scale heterogeneity is considered to enhance the initiation of flow through preferential paths, following the direction of the bedding planes. The numerical simulations were performed considering two different bedding orientations, parallel and normal to the imposed flow in the test. Simulations are in agreement with recorded upstream and downstream pressures in the tests. The evolution of fluid pressures, degree of saturation, element permeability and stress paths are presented for each case analysed. This information provides a good insight into the mechanisms of gas transport. Different flow patterns are obtained depending on bedding orientation, and the results provide an explanation for the results obtained in the tests. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

构造变形对海相页岩储层渗透率演化的影响

与北美不同,中国南方海相页岩层经历了多期构造改造,页岩储层物性受构造变形作用的影响较大。为了研究构造变形对南方海相页岩储层渗透率的影响特征和机理,以雪峰山西侧地区五峰-龙马溪组页岩为研究对象,利用气体脉冲衰减法、压汞法和扫描电子显微镜等手段对不同变形页岩样品的渗透率、孔隙结构及孔隙形貌特征进行了测试分析,探讨构造变形页岩的渗透率演化特征及其对孔隙结构演化的响应机理。测试结果显示,强烈构造变形页岩的渗透性较原生页岩和弱变形页岩的渗透性显著提高,强变形页岩样品的渗透率在0.2 mD和2.69 mD之间,比未变形和弱变形页岩样品的渗透率(在1.5×10-4 mD和1.7×10-3 mD之间)高三个数量级,表明强构造变形作用对页岩渗透率具有显著促进作用;同时,不同有效压力条件下页岩渗透率的演化特征显示,强变形页岩气体渗透率的压力敏感性比原生页岩和弱变形页岩显著降低。构造变形条件下页岩孔隙结构与渗透率相关性的进一步分析认为,强变形页岩的孔隙结构变化特别是大孔和裂隙的发育,是促进其渗透率增加的主要原因。这些研究结果表明,伴随强烈的构造变形,南方海相页岩易形成大孔和微裂隙发育的孔隙结构特征,有助于强变形页岩层渗透性的显著提高。构造变形页岩渗透率的提高有利于地质条件下气体的运移,一方面,将有利于页岩气往构造高点的迁移和富集从而形成游离气型或外源型页岩气甜点;另一方面,也可能导致页岩气在盖层条件不佳和断裂发育区的散失。      

不同温度条件下气体压力升降过程中瓦斯运移规律的试验研究

利用自主研发的含瓦斯煤热-流-固耦合三轴伺服渗流装置,对不同温度条件下型煤试件在气体压力升降过程的渗流特性进行了试验研究,以模拟随采深增加引起的地温升高条件下煤的渗透特性。同时,为探讨低渗储层的滑脱效应进行了相同条件下氦气的平行试验。研究结果表明：（1）升压阶段,轴向应变增大,径向应变减小,近似呈线性变化;降压阶段,随气体压力降低,应变呈现出与升压阶段相同的变化趋势。随温度升高,应变随气体压力变化的斜率增大。（2）升压阶段,随气体压力升高,渗透率呈二次抛物线型变化,约在气体压力为3.0 MPa左右到达最小;降压阶段,随气体压力减小,渗透率先略有减小后增大,升压阶段渗透率大于降压阶段渗透率。（3）升压阶段滑脱效应引起的渗透率变化量大于降压阶段的变化量,且滑脱效应所引起的渗透率变化量随气体压力增加呈幂指数函数降低。     

非常规油气地质调查工程进展与主要成果

中国地质调查局油气资源调查中心牵头组织实施的“非常规油气地质调查工程”,开展了黑龙江省鸡西地区煤系气地质调查、松辽盆地及外围油页岩地质调查、松辽盆地西斜坡油砂原位试采工程、陆域天然气水合物地质调查与祁连山木里天然气水合物野外长期观测站建设、陕西关中地区氦气地质调查和非常规油气资源国情调研等工作,获取了大量基础数据,取得了黑鸡地1井、黑鸡地3井、黑鸡地4井等一系列突破性成果和重要进展,初步掌握了我国油页岩、油砂、陆域天然气水合物、氦气以及鸡西盆地煤系气等非常规油气资源潜力。该工程在煤系气、油页岩、氦气等领域产生重要影响,提振了非常规油气勘探开发信心,推动了科技创新与地质调查深度融合,促进了非常规油气学科发展。     

Modelling of anisotropic coal swelling and its impact on permeability behaviour for primary and enhanced coalbed methane recovery

Coal swelling/shrinkage during gas adsorption/desorption is a well-known phenomenon. For some coals the swelling/shrinkage shows strong anisotropy, with more swelling in the direction perpendicular to the bedding than that parallel to the bedding. Experimental measurements performed in this work on an Australian coal found strong anisotropic swelling behaviour in gases including nitrogen, methane and carbon dioxide, with swelling in the direction perpendicular to the bedding almost double that parallel to the bedding. It is proposed here that this anisotropy is caused by anisotropy in the coal's mechanical properties and matrix structure. The Pan and Connell coal swelling model, which applies an energy balance approach where the surface energy change caused by adsorption is equal to the elastic energy change of the coal solid, is further developed to describe the anisotropic swelling behaviour incorporating coal property and structure anisotropy. The developed anisotropic swelling model is able to accurately describe the experimental data mentioned above, with one set of parameters to describe the coal's properties and matrix structure and three gas adsorption isotherms. This developed model is also applied to describe anisotropic swelling measurements from the literature where the model was found to provide excellent agreement with the measurement. The anisotropic coal swelling model is also applied to an anisotropic permeability model to describe permeability behaviour for primary and enhanced coalbed methane recovery. It was found that the permeability calculation applying anisotropic coal swelling differs significantly to the permeability calculated using isotropic volumetric coal swelling strain. This demonstrates that for coals with strong anisotropic swelling, anisotropic swelling and permeability models should be applied to more accurately describe coal permeability behaviour for both primary and enhanced coalbed methane recovery processes.     

致密煤层气藏三维全隐式数值模拟

我国煤层普遍存在低渗、低储层压力和低含气饱和度等不利条件,许多研究表明,低渗透多孔介质中的气体运移存在启动压力梯度。为了让数值模拟模型能更加准确地描述致密煤储层中流体的运移特性,基于前人的研究成果,建立了考虑启动压力梯度的致密煤层气藏三维、非平衡吸附、拟稳态条件下气、水两相耦合流动数值模拟模型,并给出了模型的全隐式有限差分格式和数值求解方法。最后利用沁水盆地某生产井的试井资料进行了模拟计算,模拟结果表明,在其他条件相同的情况下,启动压力梯度的存在使得煤层的降压效果变差,且延迟了产气高峰的到来。对比该井的开采资料,模拟结果是合理的,模型能正确反映致密煤层气藏中流体的运移特征。     

焦石坝地区页岩孔隙连通性及有效性评价

页岩孔隙连通性直接影响油气分子在储层内的运移,从而控制页岩气产出的难易程度,是评价页岩气勘探开发潜力的重要参数之一。以焦石坝地区两口关键井（JYA井和JYB井）五峰组—龙马溪组主力层段页岩为例,开展柱塞样的氦气孔隙度与饱和盐水后的核磁共振孔隙度实验,确定页岩储层孔隙连通性特征,探讨孔隙连通性对页岩气开发的影响。研究结果显示:1）氦气膨胀法主要识别页岩储层中的连通孔隙,而核磁共振法可有效反映样品整体的孔隙空间,两者的比值可量化表征页岩孔隙连通性;2）JYA井氦气孔隙度和核磁孔隙度差异较小,具有强烈的正相关关系,页岩样品整体以连通孔隙为主,连通孔隙占比为69.13%~94.94%,平均为85.12%;3）JYB井页岩孔隙连通性相对较差,连通孔隙占比为36.15%~81.71%,均值为58.19%,仅依靠连通孔隙无法充分反映页岩样品的真实孔隙度,导致氦气孔隙度和核磁孔隙度无明显线性关系。纳米CT三维成像技术模拟的孔隙连通性特征及研究样品的脉冲渗透率差异证实了研究结果的有效性。     

应用高温甲烷吸附实验研究川东北地区五峰组页岩甲烷吸附能力

页岩甲烷吸附能力是决定页岩气井开采方案的重要参数,对评估页岩气藏潜力意义重大。干酪根类型、总有机碳含量、矿物组成、成熟度和孔径等是影响页岩吸附性能的因素,但针对高温高压下过剩吸附现象对页岩甲烷吸附能力影响的研究还需开展进一步的探索。为揭示四川盆地东北地区五峰组页岩甲烷吸附能力,本文通过场发射扫描电镜、低温氮气吸附和高压甲烷吸附实验,研究了高温高压下页岩的甲烷吸附能力,并分析了页岩孔隙结构等对页岩吸附能力的影响。结果表明:①五峰组页岩孔隙结构非均质性强,发育有机孔隙、粒(晶)间孔隙、粒(晶)内孔隙和粒(晶)间溶孔等多种孔隙;②比表面积平均为19.1282m^2/g;孔体积平均为0.0195cm^3/g;孔径平均为5.2226nm;③修正后的饱和吸附气量为2.56m^3/t;④五峰组页岩甲烷吸附性能受控于比表面积、孔体积;有机质含量越大、有机质热演化程度越低,其甲烷吸附性能越强;⑤孔隙结构是影响页岩甲烷吸附能力的重要内因。同时指出低压条件下的实验吸附曲线不适合直接评价页岩甲烷吸附能力。     

柴达木盆地东部石炭系页岩吸附特性实验研究

柴达木盆地东部石炭系页岩是一套待开发的优质烃源岩,吸附是页岩气最主要的储集状态,但针对该区页岩吸附特征的研究较少。依据物质守恒与热力学平衡原理,运用自主设计的气固双相等温吸附实验仪,参考煤的高压等温吸附测定行业标准,对取自柴达木盆地东部石浅1井的页岩样品进行了不同温度(30 ℃、40 ℃、50 ℃和60 ℃)的甲烷等温吸附实验研究,并运用LangmuirFreundlich(L F)模型对吸附量实验值进行非线性回归分析;根据ClausiusClapeyron方程计算得到页岩对甲烷的等量吸附热方程。研究结果表明：压力一定时,页岩对甲烷的吸附量随着温度升高而降低;温度一定时,随压力升高,甲烷吸附量出现先增大后降低的现象,具有典型的超临界吸附特征;L F模型对等温吸附过程拟合效果良好,实验结果将模型中4个参数确定,且各参数物理意义明确;计算得到等量吸附热与吸附量之间的关系为：q=-3 679.7n+9 779.5,等量吸附热随吸附量增大而降低。等量吸附热结合L F模型可以预测任意温度、压力下页岩对甲烷的吸附量,且预测值与实验所得数据结果吻合较好,对页岩气储量评估与开发利用具有实际意义。     

Effect of Shale Reservoir Characteristics on Shale Oil Movability in the Lower Third Member of the Shahejie Formation,Zhanhua Sag

To reveal the effect of shale reservoir characteristics on the movability of shale oil and its action mechanism in the lower third member of the Shahejie Formation(Es3l), samples with different features were selected and analyzed using N2 adsorption, high-pressure mercury injection capillary pressure(MICP), nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR), high-speed centrifugation, and displacement image techniques. The results show that shale pore structure characteristics control shale oil movability directly. Movable oil saturation has a positive relationship with pore volume for radius > 2 μm, as larger pores often have higher movable oil saturation, indicating that movable oil is present in relatively larger pores. The main reasons for this are as follows. The relatively smaller pores often have oil-wetting properties because of organic matter, which has an unfavorable effect on the flow of oil, while the relatively larger pores are often wetted by water, which is helpful to shale oil movability. The rich surface provided by the relatively smaller pores is beneficial to the adsorption of immovable oil. Meanwhile, the relatively larger pores create significant pore volume for movable oil. Moreover, the larger pores often have good pore connectivity. Pores and fractures are interconnected to form a complex fracture network, which provides a good permeability channel for shale oil flow. The smaller pores are mostly distributed separately;thus, they are not conducive to the flow of shale oil. The mineral composition and fabric macroscopically affect the movability of shale oil. Calcite plays an active role in shale oil movability by increasing the brittleness of shale and is more likely to form micro-cracks under the same stress background. Clay does not utilize shale oil flow because of its large specific surface area and its block effect. The bedding structure increases the large-scale storage space and improves the connectivity of pores at different scales, which is conducive to the movability of shale oil.     

水文地质条件对页岩气开采控制

通过对比页岩气定压开采与承压水定降深开采的相似性,建立起二者指标之间的对应关系;借鉴美国页岩储层典型参数及Barnnet页岩年产量变化规律,从水文地质的角度,建立起水文地质概念模型;利用GMS软件,对页岩气开采进行数值模拟。从模型结果看,11个拟合值中,6个相对误差在5%之内,4个在10%之内,只有一个接近20%,拟合结果较为理想。说明用水文地质方法研究页岩气开采是合理的;也表明开采过程中页岩气产量由游离气和吸附气组成,当游离气开采完毕后,产量主要由吸附气维持,解吸气还有再吸附现象。当盖层开启程度由微裂缝区的25%,50%,75%到100%依次增加时,开采年限按6 a,4 a,2 a,1 a依次减少;不同开启程度下,相同开采年的开采量也依次降低;在每种开启程度下,年产量与原来的年产量的比值也依次降低。任何侧向边界若出现断层,不论其开启程度为微裂缝区的25%,50%,75%还是100%,均达不到定压开采条件。从敏感分析可知,当页岩压裂达到一定程度时,页岩气的析出对页岩气产量影响是最关键的。最后对页岩气开采提出相应的建议。     

煤层气井排采历史地质分析

根据晋城、潞安、焦作、铁法4个矿区25口煤层气生产试验井的排采资料,从煤储层渗透性和含气饱和度、生产压降条件、地下水系统、储层能量系统等方面综合分析研究,将排采曲线归纳为4种具有代表性的类型。认为煤储层渗透率0．5mD以上、临储压力比0．6以上以及含气饱和度80％以上,是获得高产煤层气井的必要储层条件。同时,煤储层和围岩的不同组合。将直接影响煤层气井的生产状况。     

Reservoir Porosity Measurement Uncertainty and its Influence on Shale Gas Resource Assessment

Reservoir porosity is a critical parameter for the process of unconventional oil and gas resources assessment. It is difficult to determine the porosity of a gas shale reservoir, and any large deviation will directly reduce the credibility of any shale gas resources evaluation. However, there is no quantitative explanation for the accuracy of porosity measurement. In this paper, measurement uncertainty, an internationally recognized index, was used to evaluate the results of porosity measurement of gas shale plugs, and its impact on the credibility of shale gas resources assessment was determined. The following conclusions are drawn:(1) the measurement uncertainty of porosity of a shale plug is 1.76%–3.12% using current measurement methods, the upper end of which is too large to be acceptable. It is suggested that the measurement uncertainty should be factored into the standard helium gas injection porosity determination experiment, and the uncertainty should be less than 2.00% when using a high-precision pressure gauge;(2) in order to reduce the risk for exploration and decision-making, attention should be paid to the large uncertainty(30% at least) of shale gas resource assessment results, sometimes with corrections being made based on the practical considerations;(3) a pressure gauge with an accuracy of 0.25% of the full scal cannot meet the requirements of porosity measurement, and a high-precision plug cutting method or high-precision bulk volume measurement method such as one using 3 D scanning, is recommended to effectively reduce porosity uncertainty;(4) the method and process for evaluating the measurement uncertainty of gas shale porosity could also be referred for assessment of experimental quality by other laboratories.     

A Quantitative Evaluation of Shale Gas Content in Different Occurrence States of the Longmaxi Formation: A New Insight from Well JY-A in the Fuling Shale Gas Field,Sichuan Basin

Comprehensive quantitative evaluation of shale gas content and the controlling factors in different occurrence states is of great significance for accurately assessing gas-bearing capacity and providing effective well-production strategies. A total of 122 core samples from well JY-A in the Fuling shale gas field were studied to reveal the characteristics of S_1 l shale,15 of which were selected to further predict the shale gas content in different occurrence states, which are dependent on geological factors in the thermal evolution process. Geological parameters were researched by a number of laboratory programs, and the factors influential in controlling shale gas content were extracted by both PCA and GRA methods and prediction models were confirmed by the BE method using SPSS software. Results reveal that the adsorbed gas content is mainly controlled by TOC, Ro, SSA, PD and pyrite content, and the free gas content is mainly controlled by S_2, quartz content, gas saturation and formation pressure for S_1 l in well JY-A. Three methods, including the on-site gas desorption method, the empirical formula method, and the multiple regression analysis method were used in combination to evaluate the shale gas capacity of well JY-A, all of which show that the overall shale gas content of well JY-A is in the range of 2.0–5.0 m~3/t and that the free gas ratio is about 50%, lower than that of well JY-1. Cause analysis further confirms the tectonics and preservation conditions of S_1 l in the geological processes, especially the influence of eastern boundary faults on well JY-A, as the fundamental reasons for the differences in shale gas enrichment in the Jiaoshiba area.     

干酪根对页岩基质中甲烷运移规律的影响

微/纳米孔隙内甲烷的运移研究是进行页岩气藏开发预测及评价的前提和基础.页岩中分布大量的微/纳米孔隙,其中干酪根中的纳米级孔隙分布广泛.由于气体在不同尺度孔隙中的运移机理大不相同,且在有机孔中存在明显的吸附/解吸现象.因而,甲烷在页岩中的运移机理仍需完善.本研究综合物理模拟及数学分析方法,对甲烷渗流规律进行研究.研究结果表明:（1）温度升高,单位质量页岩的产量减少,达到平衡的时间缩短,总体体现在甲烷在高温下的吸附/解吸-扩散速率大.（2）相同生产压力下,随入口压力升高,甲烷运移速率增大,达到产量平衡的时间增长.（3）数学模型充分考虑干酪根中甲烷扩散对气体运移过程的影响,并与实验结果及不考虑干酪根影响的模型进行对比分析,结果显示,本文建立的数学模型能更准确地描述甲烷在页岩基质中的运移动态.      

昭通示范区黄金坝气田五峰—龙马溪组页岩气储层地质特征

昭通国家级页岩气示范区黄金坝气田是继礁石坝和长宁—威远之后中国又一个在页岩气勘探、开发领域实现重大突破的地区,为了系统地展示黄金坝气田页岩气资源富集的储层条件,为未来的勘探工作提供参考,以五峰—龙马溪组页岩气储层为研究对象,从区域地质条件、储层岩石学、物性和地球化学4个方面对该页岩气储层进行了综合研究。结果表明稳定的区域构造和良好的顶底板条件是黄金坝地区页岩气资源富集的关键,良好的保存条件使储层维持了较高的压力(压力系数1);较高的孔隙度(平均4%)和TOC含量(目的层2%)提供了良好的储集空间,使储层具有较高的含气量(1.35~3.48 cm3/g,平均2.50 cm3/g);天然气地球化学数据表明,区内天然气主要成分为CH4(97%),其次还含有少量的C2H6、C3H8和CO2;天然气同位素数据表明烃类C同位素组成发生了倒转,表明储层具有良好的封闭性。但储层孔隙系统较为复杂,且非均质性极强,从而导致渗透率较低,在储层改造施工过程中应予以充分考虑。总体上,黄金坝气田具有较好的开发前景,生产测试表明,区内直井压裂产量为0.5×104~3.5×104m3/d/井,水平井压裂产量可达12×104~40×104m3/d/井。