2004年甘肃临泽震群序列Q_C值特征研究

采用Sato单次散射模型,利用高台地震台的近场数字地震记录,研究了临泽震群序列尾波QC值在60s流逝时间下的变化特征,得到QC值随频率的变化关系QC(f)=(27.67±2.94)f(0.9924±0.0411)。分析发现:在中等地震频发时段,QC值变化起伏较弱且偏低;研究结果与民乐—山丹地震序列接近,故认为这个结果近似了祁连山地震带中段地区的介质特性。     

江苏射阳地区地震尾波Q_c值特征

选取2009—2018年江苏省射阳地震台200 km范围内M_L≥2.0地震波形资料,基于Sato单次散射模型,计算该区域S波尾波Q_c值,并探求其时间变化特征。采用相同方法计算盐城、灌云地震台地震波形资料尾波Q_c值,并将3个地震台的计算结果进行对比。结果表明:射阳地区是江苏省尾波Q_0低值区域,Q_c值随频率的变化关系为Q_c(f)=33.7±3.4f ~(1.16±0.04);在2016年10月20日射阳M_(L )4.8地震前,射阳地区尾波Q_c值有增大现象,Q_c值变化特征表现为上升—下降—上升—发震;盐城、射阳、灌云地震台所记录地震的尾波Q_c值在震前均出现明显的高值异常变化。     

黑龙江省大庆地区尾波Q值特征研究

利用Sato单次散射模型,对黑龙江省大庆地区2002—2012年11个数字化测震台网记录的地震波形资料进行计算和分析。拟合尾波窗长60 s时尾波Qc值对频率的依赖关系,得到黑龙江大庆地区Qc值随频率的变化关系式为Qc=(24.57±6.05)f0.9937±0.0713。庆新台Q0值最高,朝阳沟台Q0值最低。研究区内地震台站表现为低Q0值,高η值,符合Q0值与频率的依赖关系,表明该地区地下介质非均匀程度高,构造活动强烈。     

基于Aki、Sato模型的阿克陶M_S6.7地震尾波Q值特征研究

利用新疆地震台网吉根单台所记录的阿克陶M_S6.7地震发生前后的数字地震波形资料,采用Aki、Sato等两种单次散射模型,系统地研究了该次地震序列尾波Q值随时间的变化,分析了尾波Q值在强震前后的变化特征。两种模型拟合Q_C与对应频率之间的关系表达式为Q_C=110.5±35.37f1.192±0.235,Q_C=60.85±14.78f0.975±0.088,阿克陶地震序列计算得到Aki和Sato模型的Q_C值都相对较低,该地区是以高η值、低Q_C为特征的构造活跃区。根据2012年1月至2017年1月吉根台记录的数字波形尾波Q值时序进程特征表明,地震序列前的Q_C值的变化特征为上升—下降—持续—发震的趋势。     

唐山地区尾波Q值时空分布特征

利用首都圈地震数字台网2009年1月至2016年3月记录的地震波形资料,采用Sato尾波单次散射模型,固定尾波窗长,计算唐山地区尾波Q值,时间和空间上分析Q值分布特征,结果显示,Q值在空间分布上呈现明显的横向不均匀性,在较长孕震时间上呈现降低—升高—降低—发震的过程,且中强震易发生在Q值高低值交界区偏高值一侧,震群易发生在Q值相对较低区域。     

唐山地区尾波Qc值研究

利用首都圈地震数字台网资料,计算了唐山地区不同尾波窗长的Qc值。尾波窗长为15~30s时,Qc(f)=53f1.1;尾波窗长为30~60s时,Qc(f)=256f0.8;尾波窗长为60~90s时,Qc(f)=304f0.72;尾波窗长为90~120s时,Qc(f)=2400.68。可以看出,同一地点的Q0值随尾波窗长的增加而增大,但尾波窗长为90~120s时,Q0反而减小。     

北京及其周围地区尾波Ｑ值分布特征的研究c

使用北京遥测台网数字化记录资料，根据尾波的单次散射模型，采用在频率域里求尾波能量谱密度的方法，并且按固定时间窗分别计算Q值，处理了1989和1990年两年中20个台站69个地震的数据，研究了北京地区尾波Q值随空间、频率和延续时间的不同以及这些不同的Q值随时间的变化．结果表明，尾波Q值与时间窗的取定以及频率的变化表现出较强的依赖关系．假定QC=Q0f时，对应于15——30、30——60、60——90 s三个时间窗，Q0的平均值分别为48，115和217，的平均值分别为0.89，0.91和0.74．同时，本文为北京地区尾波Q值的日常检测提供了基础的软件．      

浙江珊溪水库库区地震波衰减特征研究

2002—2007年发生的珊溪水库地震事件是少震、 弱震的浙江省区域显著的地震事件. 搜集182次M_L>2.0地震的近场台站数字地震波形, 使用这些波形高信噪比的尾波时间域信号, 根据计算尾波Q_c(f)值的Sato模型, 通过滤波及去除环境噪声, 计算了地震波传播路径上的尾波Q_c(f)值; 拟合Q_c(f)值与频率f之间的关系, 分析了水库区域地震波衰减的时空特征. 根据信噪比及计算要求, 从近场9个台站的记录中挑选出641条三分向记录, 计算尾波衰减参数, 得到尾波Q_c(f)与频率f的关系为: Q_c(f)=52.19±7.11f0.922 1±0.05. 结果表明, 本区域为低衰减区域. 震群活动使区域介质对高频率波衰减趋势性增大. 进一步对尾波衰减参数及尾波采样体之间的关系分析发现, 该区域存在深部高衰减层.      

2001年云南施甸Ms 5.9地震余震序列尾波Qc值研究

利用云南保山地震台记录到的2001年施甸地震数字化波形观测资料,根据尾波散射理论,测量了震源区尾波QC(f)值,结果表明,中心频率为1.5 Hz时,施甸地区尾波振幅衰减率β(f)值在-0.012～-0.02范围内,平均值为-0.017,QC值在110～140之间,平均值为124得到施甸地区尾波QC值与频率的关系为Qc(f)=77f0.75尾波波源因子A0(f)与地震震级成正比,满足关系lgA0(f)=0.899ML+0.81,与频率成反比,满足关系lgA0=-0.046×f+2.84;本文得到的一个重要结果是,施甸5.3级地震的最大强余震发生之前,QC值存在一个变化过程;QC值在均值附近±1.5倍方差线内均匀地波动→QC值逐渐下降→QC值出现低于方差线的异常点→QC值逐渐恢复到正常水平→发震;施甸地区的尾波QC值不同于构造活动较为稳定的地区,而与构造活跃、地震活动频繁的地区较为接近,属于低频低QC值地区.     

邯郸-邢台地区尾波衰减特征研究

利用红山数字地震台和邯郸数字台网记录到的2001年3月~2006年7月近震波形资料,采用Aki的尾波单次散射模型计算了邯郸—邢台地区不同尾波窗长的Qc值,窗长为20s时该区域的平均值为Qc=78f0.92,40s时Qc=144f0.88。在研究范围内呈现出北高南低的态势。     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases