新疆东准噶尔卡拉麦里钾质玄武岩的地球化学特征、成因及其构造意义

卡拉麦里钾质火山岩位于准噶尔盆地的东北缘下石炭统巴塔玛依内山组内。这些火山岩以粗面玄武岩和玄武质粗面安山岩为主,SiO2含量稳定(46.29%～51.56%),具有较高的碱含量(K2O+Na2O=5.39%～6.96%)以及高K2O/Na2O比值(K2O/Na2O=0.5～1.4),TiO2含量相对稳定(0.94%～1.21%),显示钾玄质岩石特征。岩石地球化学表明,钾玄岩强烈富集LILE(如K、Rb和Sr)和LREE((La/Yb)N=4.39～6.25),Eu正异常明显(δEu=1.3～1.7),相对亏损HFSE(如Zr、Hf),Ta、Nb和Ti呈明显的"TNT"负异常,及较高Ba/Nb和Ba/Ta比值(分别为38～93,574～1470),显示典型岛弧岩浆特征,而Nd-Sr同位素显示亏损地幔源区特征。不相容元素(Nb/La)N和Ba/La比值(分别为0.33～0.41,11.07～18.82)以及高Nb含量(4.45×10-6～7.76×10-6),表明这些岩石来自一个交代作用富集的地幔源区。通过钾质火山岩环境的梯次判别图研究,发现巴塔玛依内山组钾玄岩形成于后碰撞环境,显示岛弧的岩石地球化学特征。在后碰撞期,由于陆内调整和均衡作用,东准噶尔东北缘的岩石圈伸展减薄,随着岩石圈地幔的减薄,前期交代富集的下部地幔楔(金云母和/或钾质角闪石-尖晶石相二辉橄榄岩)发生低度部分熔融形成钾玄质母岩浆,诱发了后碰撞型钾玄质岩浆活动(具有弧火山岩岩石地球化学特征),形成了卡拉麦里巴塔玛依内山组钾质玄武岩。     

新疆西准噶尔巴尔努克早石炭世富Nb岛弧玄武岩的发现及其地质意义

黑山头组玄武岩-玄武安山岩组合是西准噶尔早石炭世海相火山-沉积建造的重要组成部分,其与高Mg安山岩及O型adakite共生。此次分析的所有样品均为玄武质岩石,Si O2含量为49.62%~55.68%,平均为52.70%;明显高Ti O2(1.16%~1.99%),平均为1.56%;显著富Na2O而贫K2O,Na2O为3.17%~6.35%,平均为4.90%,Na2O/K2O为1.19~26.08,绝大多数样品该比值4(平均8.93)。样品明显富集Nb、Sr、Zr等,Nb含量均7×10-6(7.29×10-6~12.32×10-6,平均为9.48×10-6);全部样品Sr均400×10-6(618×10-6~1107×10-6,平均为825×10-6);Zr158×10-6(159×10-6~217×10-6,平均为182.6×10-6);Zr/Y比值4(6.63~11.09,平均为8.62)。显著高于一般岛弧玄武质岩类。轻稀土明显富集而重稀土亏损显著,且有基本一致的弱正Eu异常。(La/Nb)PM比值0.7(1.23~2.26,平均1.94),(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.7035~0.7039;143Nd/144Nd=0.5128~0.5129;εNd(t)=5.49~7.13。这些地球化学特征与Sajona et al.(1993,1994,1996)确立的富Nb岛弧玄武岩基本一致,而与一般岛弧玄武岩有显著区别。这一发现,为确认西准噶尔早石炭世存在富Nb岛弧玄武岩提供了地球化学佐证,丰富了新疆乃至我国富Nb岛弧玄武岩的产地与层位,也为确认本区早石炭世岛弧构造环境提供了重要依据。     

青藏高原沱沱河地区晚泥盆世高铝玄武岩的发现及意义

在青藏高原腹地的沱沱河—开心岭地区的区域地质调查中新发现的高铝玄武岩,利用激光等离子体质谱法(LA-ICP-MS)测试的锆石206Pb-238U年龄(380.1±5.6)Ma(MSWD=0.21),表明其形成时代为晚泥盆世。玄武岩具有高Al2O3(平均20.16%)和低SiO2(平均48.32%)、低Na2O(平均2.29%)、低K2O(平均0.39%)、低TiO2(均值0.754%)、低Alk(均值2.68%)的特点,并有(低钾)拉斑玄武系列向钙碱性系列过渡的特征,CIPW标准矿物属石英拉斑玄武岩(Q含量2.77%～9.32%),高铝、低钾、贫碱的特点与典型的高铝玄武岩一致。岩石的稀土总量均一且总体偏低,ΣREE含量为32.69×10-6～41.01×10-6,稀土配分模式近水平,δEu为1.12～1.28,均值为1.2,具有较强的正Eu和Ce异常。岩石富集亲石元素LILE,亏损高场强元素,具有较高Sr、Ba、Ce正异常和Nb负异常,岩石化学特点及相关的一系列岩石化学图解均表明其为岛弧玄武岩,表明分布于昌都—兰坪地块的晚泥盆世高铝玄武岩形成于岛弧环境,它的发现为三江地区古生代火山地层的确定、古特提斯洋的演化提供了丰富的资料。     

东秦岭商丹带北侧新元古代埃达克质花岗岩及其地质意义

东秦岭商丹构造带北侧的商南花岗岩体和吊庄花岗岩体属于钙碱性系列,具有岛弧花岗岩特征。这些岩石富Na2O(3.54％～5.52％)、贫K2O(0.75％～3.46％)、Na2O/K2O比值为1.09～6.16,SiO2含量＞56％(61.84％～74.57％),Al2O3含量变化于13.41％～19.01％,多数≥15％,MgO含量均小于3％(0.65％～2.41％),Mg#为43.87～66.12,低Y(＜18×10-6, 为1.90×10-6～18.4×10-6)和Yb(＜1.9×10-6为0.27×10-6～2.27×10-6),Sr含量高(350×10-6～830×10-6),多数大于400×10-6,Sr/Y比值在25.29～216.71之间,大于20～40;LREE富集,HREE亏损,多数La/Yb比值＞20(47.60～110.93),(La/Yb)N＞20(32.09～99.13),不显Eu异常或有弱的Eu正异常,大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、Th、Sr)相对富集,高场强元素(如Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Ti)相对亏损。同位素组成表明,花岗岩体具有相对低的143Nd/144Nd比值(0.512127～0.512134),与商南松树沟蛇绿岩的143Nd/144Nd比值(0.512651～0.512917)比较接近,εNd(t)为正值(+1.23～+2.51),暗示源岩以N-MORB为主。这些地球化学特征与洋壳俯冲MORB的部分熔融形成的埃达克质岩相似,表明这些晋宁期的花岗岩类可能属于埃达克质岩。研究表明,商丹地区埃达克质花岗岩类与新元古代沿商丹带-线曾发育有一个以松树沟蛇绿岩和黑河玄武岩为代表的古洋盆(古秦岭洋)向北发生俯冲消减作用有关,造成古洋壳俯冲板片MORB岩石部分熔融而形成。     

东准噶尔石炭系火山岩的形成机制及其对准噶尔洋盆闭合时限的制约

扎河坝石炭系火山岩出露于东准噶尔扎河坝蛇绿岩带北侧的上石炭统巴塔玛依内山组地层内,主要为玄武岩及玄武安山岩,Mg~#介于64～73,中等的TiO_2(＜0．85%)和Al_2O_3(13．75%～16．88%)含量,相对低的CaO(4．51%～7．28%)和FeO~T(5．82%～7．71%)含量,显示初始岩浆特征。样品富Na(Na_2O/K_2O＞1),具有较高的全碱含量(K_2O+Na_2O)=4．4%～7．1%)。样品富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),相对亏损高场强元素(HFSE),具有较低的Nb含量(0．8×10~(-6)～2．6×10~(-6))和明显的Nb-Ta负异常,显示典型的消减带岩浆特征。样品显示微弱的轻稀土富集(La/Yb)_N=1．0～2．1,无明显的重稀土分馏(Gd/Yb)_N=1．1～1．3,无明显的铕异常(δEu=0．94～1．08)及铈异常(δCe=1．00～1．06)。此外,样品具有较高的(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i(0．705282～0．705420)和ε_(Nd)(t)值(+6．59～+7．58)。上述特征与样品低的Th及Pb含量(Th＜0．55×10~(-6),Pb＜3．52×10~(-6))和较高的Ce/Pb比值(4～79)可以排除陆壳混染,说明其形成于消减带环境。样品较高的Ce/Th(18～32),Ce/Pb,Ba/Rb(21～76)和Ba/Th(＞179)比值,ε_(Nd)(t)值接近亏损地幔,并缺乏明显的负铈异常,说明源区没有明显的消减沉积物加入。样品的微量元素特征及Sr-Nd同位素组成说明其形成于热液交代的洋壳俯冲脱水使上覆地幔楔部分熔融。而样品相对贫Pb的特征,可能与源于高温角闪岩相俯冲板片特殊的贫Pb流体有关。这套火山岩说明东准噶尔晚石炭世仍存在洋内的消减俯冲环境,准噶尔大洋的闭合应当发生在晚石炭世之后。     

西准噶尔玛依拉山组志留纪玄武岩的地球化学特征及构造意义

西准噶尔地区中-上志留统玛依拉山组主要分布于玛依拉山一带,以玛依勒蛇绿岩的围岩产出,两者为断层接触,主要组成为灰绿-暗灰绿色凝灰质粉-细砂岩,砂岩和砂砾岩组合,夹硅质岩和玄武岩。对玄武岩进行详细的岩石地球化学研究表明,SiO2含量中等(47.1%～53.92%),高Fe2O3T(12.54%～17.82%)、Al2O3(13.3%～15.7%)、Na2O(3.84%～8.02%),低TiO2(0.45%～1.48%)、MgO(3.28%～5.77%,Mg#=27.01～41.96)、K2O(0.36%～0.7%),全碱K2O+Na2O含量为4.4%～8.39%,属于亚碱性拉斑玄武岩系列。稀土元素总量较低(∑REE=27.16×10-6～54.41×10-6),轻、重稀土分馏较为明显((La/Yb)N=1.53～2.74),无明显Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=0.96～1.16),稀土配分模式类似于E-MORB。相对富集LILE(如Rb、Ba、Th和K),亏损HFSE(如Zr、Ti),明显的Nb和Ta负异常,具有岛弧玄武岩的地球化学特征。综合研究认为玛依拉山组玄武岩形成于俯冲带上的弧后盆地环境,与玛依拉山蛇绿岩的形成环境不同,其岩浆来源于尖晶石二辉橄榄岩2%～10%的部分熔融,并有少量俯冲流体的参与。结合前人研究资料,认为西准噶尔在志留纪-石炭纪处在洋内弧演化阶段。     

东昆仑造山带三叠纪富Nb基性岩墙的岩石成因及其对古特提斯洋俯冲过程的启示

富Nb基性岩在大地构造重建中扮演着重要角色。本文以首次厘定的东昆仑三叠纪富Nb基性岩为研究对象，通过岩石学、年代学和地球化学研究，探讨其岩石成因和地球动力学背景。结果显示，岩石以辉绿岩岩墙群形式产出，其LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为251 Ma;岩石的SiO₂(48.15%～54.41%)、MgO(4.33%～9.74%)和Al₂O₃(13.38%～16.41%)含量较高，属于钙碱性玄武岩系列岩石；岩石轻重稀土分馏较显著(La_N/Yb_N为3.43～6.85),具有弱负Eu异常(δEu为0.71～0.91),富集LILEs(Th、U和K等),亏损HFSEs(Nb、Ta和Ti等),Nb含量显著高于岛弧玄武岩(10.92×10^-6～20.88×10^-6);岩石具有富集的锆石Lu-Hf同位素组成[ε_Hf(t)为-1.4～1.3]。综合区域资料，本文认为东昆仑早三叠世富Nb基性岩墙群形成于东昆仑古特提斯洋俯冲消减阶段...     

青藏高原安多岛弧型蛇绿岩地球化学及成因

安多蛇绿岩位于西藏安多县城北侧、班公错-怒江缝合带中段.该蛇绿岩块呈近东西向展布,长约25km,宽约5km,主要由低钾拉斑玄武岩和辉长岩组成.高精度ICP-MS分析结果表明,玄武岩和辉长岩稀土总量较低,均具有亏损型稀土配分型式,∑REE =29×10-6～44×10-6, ∑LREE/∑HREE=0.90～1.06, (La/Yb)N=0.29～0.41, (Ce/Yb)N=0.42～0.60, 表明其源于N-MORB型亏损地幔源区.然而,相对于典型的大洋中脊玄武岩(N-MORB)而言,其Nb和Ta,尤其是Nb含量明显偏低(Nb=0.6×10-6～3.13×10-6, 平均1.19×10-6 ; Ta=0.072×10-6～0.253×10-6, 平均0.105×10-6), 在N-MORB标准化痕量元素配分图上具显著的Nb谷.表明安多玄武岩+辉长岩组合既非典型的洋中脊成因,又与岛弧型火山岩有一定区别,它们很可能形成于边缘海(弧后)盆地环境,由于消减带之上的地幔对流导致新洋壳的产生而形成,是特提斯大洋岩石圈在俯冲过程中引发弧后次级扩张的产物.     

新疆东准噶尔东北部晚泥盆世Ⅰ-型花岗岩年代学、地球化学及构造意义

本文对新疆东准噶尔阿尕什敖包二长花岗岩进行了锆石U-Pb年代学,锆石Hf同位素和岩石地球化学研究。研究结果表明,阿尕什敖包二长花岗岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果为372.1±1.5Ma,MSWD=0.22,为晚泥盆世。其全岩的SiO_2含量为70.7%～71.7%,K_2O含量(3.93%～4.33%)和K_2O/Na_2O(1.00～1.17)相对较高,属于高钾钙碱性系列。该花岗岩的A/CNK值在1.01～1.04之间,具有低的10000×Ga/Al值(1.81～1.90),显示出I-型花岗岩的特征。它们显示出轻稀土元素(LREEs)和大离子亲石元素(LILEs)的富集,Nb、Ta和Ti等高场强元素(HFSEs)亏损,暗示其可能受俯冲带消减组分的影响。这些二长花岗岩具有高的、正的ε_(Hf)(t)值(11.2～15.2)和年轻的Hf二阶段模式年龄(T_(DM2)=408～779Ma),加上其较高的Zr/Nb(7.46～8.24)和Th/Ce(0.16～0.55),表明它们可能来源于年轻下地壳的部分熔融。阿尕什敖包南高钾钙碱性I-型花岗岩具有较低的Ta(1.60×10~(-6)～1.79×10~(-6))和Yb(1.41×10~(-6)～1.67×10~(-6))含量,Rb-Y+Nb和Yb-Ta图解中落入VAG系列,表明形成于岛弧环境。因此,结合区域构造,沉积等相关证据,我们提出东准噶尔地区在晚泥盆世为俯冲相关的岛弧环境。而晚泥盆世的洋脊俯冲及其板片窗的形成在东准噶尔同时期各种特殊岩石组合产生过程中扮演着重要作用。     

新疆东准噶尔东北部晚泥盆世I- 型花岗岩年代学、地球化学及构造意义

本文对新疆东准噶尔阿尕什敖包二长花岗岩进行了锆石U- Pb年代学,锆石Hf同位素和岩石地球化学研究。研究结果表明,阿尕什敖包二长花岗岩的LA- ICP- MS锆石U- Pb定年结果为372. 1± 1. 5Ma,MSWD=0. 22,为晚泥盆世。其全岩的SiO2含量为70. 7％~71. 7％,K2O含量（3. 93％~4. 33％）和K2O/Na2O（1. 00~1. 17）相对较高,属于高钾钙碱性系列。该花岗岩的A/CNK值在1. 01~1. 04之间,具有低的10000×Ga/Al值（1. 81~1. 90）,显示出I- 型花岗岩的特征。它们显示出轻稀土元素（LREEs）和大离子亲石元素（LILEs）的富集,Nb、Ta和Ti等高场强元素（HFSEs）亏损,暗示其可能受俯冲带消减组分的影响。这些二长花岗岩具有高的、正的εHf(t)值（11. 2~15. 2）和年轻的Hf二阶段模式年龄（TDM2=408~779Ma）,加上其较高的Zr/Nb（7. 46~8. 24）和Th/Ce（0. 16~0. 55）,表明它们可能来源于年轻下地壳的部分熔融。阿尕什敖包南高钾钙碱性I- 型花岗岩具有较低的Ta（1. 60×10-6~1. 79×10-6）和Yb（1. 41×10-6~1. 67×10-6）含量,Rb- Y+Nb和Yb- Ta图解中落入VAG系列,表明形成于岛弧环境。因此,结合区域构造,沉积等相关证据,我们提出东准噶尔地区在晚泥盆世为俯冲相关的岛弧环境。而晚泥盆世的洋脊俯冲及其板片窗的形成在东准噶尔同时期各种特殊岩石组合产生过程中扮演着重要作用。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)