短波红外光谱矿物测量技术在热液蚀变矿物填图中的应用——以土屋斑岩铜矿床为例

便携式短波红外光谱仪（PIMA）是利用短波红外光谱测量技术，对肉眼难以识别的层状硅酸盐、粘土、碳酸盐以及部分硫酸盐矿物进行快速识别的实用仪器。通过不同地质环境的光谱参考数据库及计算机数据处理软件，辅之野外观察和必要的岩石学分析，可以从PIMA测量获得的谱线中得出研究区蚀变矿物组合的信息。应用蚀变矿物组合，结合其他勘探数据，有利于确定钻孔的位置，指导区域勘探工作。PIMA可应用于许多成矿环境中，包括高硫化物、低硫化物热液成矿系统、斑岩成矿系统、中温热液成矿系统、沉积岩中的金-铜矿床、铀矿床、火山成因块状硫化物矿床和金伯利岩矿床。已有的研究表明，PIMA可以快速获得和处理短波红外光谱数据并形成蚀变矿物钻孔柱状分布图或平面分布图，这些信息对找矿靶区的确定至关重要。应用PIMA在新疆土屋斑岩铜矿区开展了系统的蚀变矿物填图工作，有效地识别出镁绿泥石、铁绿泥石、蒙脱石、白云母、黑云母等蚀变矿物，这些蚀变矿物的类型和丰度与岩石鉴定结果基本一致，在此基础上，建立了土屋斑岩铜矿区蚀变矿物组合及其分带模式，并与传统的分带模式进行了对比。最后总结了土屋斑岩铜矿区PIMA找矿模型，该模型对土屋斑岩铜矿区及未知地区矿产勘查工作具有指导意义。     

便携式短波红外矿物分析仪(PIMA)在西藏墨竹工卡县驱龙铜矿区矿物填图中的应用

介绍了应用国内近两年新引进的便携式短波红外矿物分析仪(Portable Infrared Mineral Analyser，简称PIMA)在西藏驱龙铜矿区所做的矿物填图的工作情况，以及依据PIMA测试所获得的光谱数据进行矿物识别的初步研究成果。通过野外对探槽TC0701和TC1101系统采样和对应的光谱测试分析，识别出了与矿化和矿体有直接关系的蚀变指示矿物硬石膏(anhydrite)。在矿物识别过程中，提取到了可以作为矿区标准光谱的白云母等矿物的纯光谱曲线，并且在野外验证过程中确认了航天图像(Hyperion)上解译的零星分布的蚀变矿物绿泥石的存在。     

便携式短波红外光谱矿物测量仪(PIMA)在河南前河金矿热液蚀变研究中的应用

利用便携式短波红外光谱矿物测量仪(PIMA)研究了河南前河金矿区的蚀变矿物种类、相对含量.PIMA共识别出19种蚀变矿物,对相对含量大于5%的6种蚀变矿物,伊利石、多硅白云母、硬石膏、蒙脱石、绿泥石、方解石进行了矿物学填图,并将其与矿体形态和金品位进行对比,初步分析了蚀变-矿化带的变化趋势,探讨了矿区深部的成矿远景.     

短波红外光谱矿物测量技术在普朗斑岩铜矿区热液蚀变矿物填图中的应用

利用便携式短波红外光谱测量仪（PIMA）在云南普朗斑岩铜矿区开展了短波红外光谱测量工作,通过系统的野外数据采集,获得了研究区蚀变矿物组合及主要蚀变矿物的分布,并建立了普朗斑岩铜矿区蚀变矿物分带模式。在此基础上,建立了斑岩铜矿床找矿模型,该模型对普朗铜矿区及其外围的找矿工作具有积极的指导意义。     

基于地物光谱特征的成像光谱遥感矿物识别方法

成像光谱技术是遥感技术发展的前沿技术之一 ,它是在可见光、近红外及短波红外上 ,集图像、光谱于一体的具有高光谱分辨率的纳米遥感技术。文中从岩矿光谱特性的研究入手 ,通过光谱特征识别准则 ,利用机载的可见光、近红外及短波红外成像光谱 (HyMap)数据 ,开展成像光谱遥感矿物识别的试验研究。试验识别的矿物有绿泥石、绿帘石、橄榄石、绢云母、滑石、石膏及黑云母等。试验结果表明 ,通过矿物光谱特征分析与其识别原则进行成像光谱遥感矿物识别获得了很好的效果。因此 ,基于地物光谱特征进行成像光谱矿物直接识别确实可行 ,有利于矿产资源评价中成矿物源和矿化蚀变信息分析。     

热红外高光谱技术在地质找矿中的应用综述

热红外高光谱技术（6~14μm）是一种新兴的绿色地质找矿技术,它通过分析矿物热红外光谱特征,开展矿物信息提取及填图应用研究,进而指导找矿勘查。比起发展相对成熟的短波红外（1.1~2.5μm）高光谱技术,它对于短波红外波段无法识别的石英、长石、石榴子石、橄榄石、辉石、碳酸盐矿物、黑云母、角闪石、磷灰石等矿物具有更加敏感的探测能力。目前,热红外在地质找矿中的研究尚处于初级阶段,很多科学问题尚待解决。矿物化学成分的变化是引起热红外波谱特征变化的最重要因素,这也是开展矿物识别与提取的理论基础,本文首次系统分析了不同波谱库及文献中的热红外波谱,总结了上述典型矿物的热红外波谱特征,揭示了矿物的诊断性波段与识别标志。而后将热红外高光谱技术分为地面热红外光谱数据分析技术与空中热红外图像处理技术两大方向,其中地面热红外技术主要基于岩芯或地表样品的波谱特征,开展矿物精细填图研究,建立矿床的找矿勘查模型;空中热红外技术基于图像处理与分析,提取区域矿物分布信息,为找矿指明方向。最后本文指出了未来热红外高光谱技术在地质找矿中的技术难点及热点,即高精度热红外高光谱仪器的研发、矿物热红外光谱的快速识别技术、热红外图像信息提取算法的优化。     

PIMA在斑岩型矿床蚀变带划分中的应用综述

便携式短波红外光谱分析仪(PIMA)自2002年引进我国以来在矿物填图和蚀变带划分工作中取得了很多成果。由于其在野外可以快速识别细粒矿物成分及含量,本文认为对于斑岩型矿床这一矿体与蚀变对应关系较为清晰的矿床类型来说,这一技术的应用具有方便快捷,节约人力、物力的明显优势。     

PNIRS在安徽庐枞盆地玢岩型铁矿床浅色蚀变带研究中初步应用

20世纪90年代以来,短波红外光谱技术(SWIR)在地质领域中得到了广泛的应用。据此技术研制生产的便携式短波红外矿物分析仪(PI-MA)和近红外矿物分析仪(PNIRS),可对肉眼和显微镜难以识别的微细蚀变矿物进行测量,并能较为迅速准确地分析蚀变矿物种类和相对含量,从而确定蚀变矿物组合并圈定热液矿化蚀变带。     

哈密黄山铜镍矿蚀变矿物近红外光谱特征分析

在哈密黄山铜镍矿区,采用PIMA(便携式短波红外矿物分析仪)进行野外光谱测试,用新引进的TSG(光谱地质专家)软件进行了矿物种类及相对含量识别、光谱处理分析,为蚀变矿物光谱分析起到了示范作用。详细论述了几类典型蚀变矿物的光谱特征;对绿泥石特征光谱吸收强度D(Fe-OH)、D(Mg-OH)与矿物成分的关系进行了探讨。结果表明,绿泥石Fe-OH和Mg-OH吸收强度比值可以大体上代替Fe2+/Mg2+比值,D[Mg-OH)/(Fe-OH)+(Mg-OH)]值绝大部分在0.4~0.8之间。用HyMap数据做地质信息半定量反演,准确反映了各岩相主要金属元素含量的变化。研究结果对高光谱技术识别矿物种类、反演岩矿成分具有重要意义。     

短红外光谱技术在矿产资源评价中的应用

90年代初期,澳大利亚科学家发明和研制的皮马(PIMA)为地质学家多快好省地进行找矿勘查工作提供了高新技术支撑.这种便携式红外光谱分析仪能够高效地和准确地完成层状硅酸盐、黏土、碳酸盐和部分硫盐矿物的无损测量.借助于皮马所获的高质量的短红外光谱数     

新疆西准噶尔包古图斑岩铜矿蚀变岩石的光谱特征及其意义

地物的光谱特征是遥感识别地物的主要依据,不同地物的反射光谱具有其特定的吸收特征谱带。利用ASD和PIMA反射光谱测试仪对新疆西准噶尔包古图斑岩铜矿Ⅱ号、Ⅴ号斑岩铜矿岩体的蚀变围岩(地表采样与钻井采样)进行测试,并对结果进行分析总结。根据反射光谱特征谱带获得蚀变矿物的种类,确定了岩体的蚀变矿物组合,得到反射光谱的吸收谷在ASTER数据中所处的波段;对反射光谱曲线进行数学积分,获得ASTER数据中的强吸收波段。将以上2种分析得到的吸收性波段组合应用于蚀变遥感异常信息提取,结果表明蚀变遥感异常与野外地质特征吻合程度较高。反射光谱分析表明确定岩石矿物的反射光谱特征谱带是进行遥感信息提取工作的前提,波段组合选取对提取蚀变遥感异常信息非常重要。     

Mineralogical approaches to sourcing pipes and figurines from the eastern woodlands,U.S.A.

Provenance studies of stone artifacts often rely heavily upon chemical techniques such as neutron activation analysis. However, stone specimens with very similar chemical composition can have different mineralogies (distinctive crystalline structures as well as variations within the same mineral) that are not revealed by multielemental techniques. Because mineralogical techniques are often cheap and usually nondestructive, beginning with mineralogy allows the researcher to gain valuable information and then to be selective about how many samples are submitted for expensive and somewhat destructive chemical analysis, thus conserving both valuable samples and funds. Our University of Illinois team of archaeologists and geologists employs Portable Infrared Mineral Analyzer (PIMA) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Sequential acid dissolution/XRD/Inductively coupled plasma (SAD‐XRD‐ICP) analyses. Two case studies of Hopewellian pipes and Mississippian figurines illustrate this mineralogical approach. The results for both studies identify sources relatively close to the sites where the artifacts were recovered: Sterling, Illinois (rather than Ohio) for the (Hopewell) pipes and Missouri (rather than Arkansas or Oklahoma) for the Cahokia figurines. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

采用便携式近红外矿物分析仪鉴别注胶翡翠

目前,采用传统的中红外光谱技术鉴别不透明注蜡与注胶翡翠有一定的难度。采用便携式近红外矿物分析仪检测鉴定了翡翠、注蜡与注胶翡翠样品,对其近红外反射光谱进行了分析与研究,同时对微透明样品作了中红外透射光谱的比对测试。研究结果表明,采用BJKF-1型便携式近红外矿物分析仪,能获得较好的透明或不透明翡翠、注蜡与注胶翡翠样品的近红外反射光谱,三者的近红外光谱特征存在着明显的差异。利用这些特征可有效地鉴别翡翠、注蜡翡翠与注胶翡翠。     

Teaching GIS in the Gulf Co-operation Council Universities – With a case study of the geography department, University of the United Arab Emirates

Within universities there has developed a clear theoretical convergence between Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and geography (Antenuccl, 1991). Studies have revealed that one of the qualified departments to teach GIS within universities is the geography department. This study focuses on: the importance of establishing GIS as a major curriculum element within universities. In geography departments, economic geography students require a strong statistical/mathematical background to allow them to work with major databases. They should know how to design a specific database for economic activities, such as agriculture and manufacturing, and tertiary industry and how to relate this database to a map, so that changes can be monitored more accurately. In any aspect of geography spatial location is a key factor and GIS allows spatial patterns to be interpreted with great facility. Therefore it is important that students have a good knowledge not only of computers and related software on economic geography, but also on GIS systems (Burrough, 1993). The work of geography students from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and other Gulf Co-operation Council (GCC) geography departments is examined to evaluate the importance of training in GIS technology. This paper evaluates the effects of implementing GIS as a tool in teaching economic geography. At present there are 15 geography departments in the GCC which offer economic geography. Of those 15 departments, only 3 provide GIS courses within their curriculum, and 4 have basic equipment, although 6 additional departments are to introduce GIS in the near future. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

依靠矿产资源优势发展京九铁路南浔段经济建设的建议

本文从矿产资源在国民经济建设中的重要性出发，根据九江市矿产资源的优势及其存在问题，向各级领导及决策部门提出了一重视、二协调、三加强、四提高、五兴办几项工作建议。     

Application of short-wave infrared spectroscopy to define alteration zones associated with the Elura zinc–lead–silver deposit, NSW, Australia

Short-wave infrared reflectance spectra obtained from a Portable Infrared Mineral Analyser (PIMA) have been used to define alteration zones adjacent to base metal sulfide ore bodies at the Elura Mine, Cobar, Australia. The spectroscopic work identified white mica (sericite), chlorite and carbonates of hydrothermal origin in the alteration zones associated with the ore bodies. Weathering, alteration and ore zones can be discriminated by variations in the intensity and wavelength of relevant absorption features. Hydrothermal alteration is classified into four principal types, namely sericitic, silicic, chloritic and carbonate alteration. The first three types comprise overprinting hydrothermal assemblages of quartz, sericite, chlorite, ankerite, siderite, calcite and sulfides developed in strongly altered metasiltstone and slate of Early Devonian age, adjacent to the zinc–lead–silver mineralisation. An extensive zone of carbonate alteration, manifested as porphyroblasts of siderite in the host metasediments, is recognised beyond the zones of strong alteration. Spectral analysis is consistent with the mineralogical data obtained from XRD and XRF analyses and defines the limits of the alteration zones to distances of about 80 m around the ore bodies. The study demonstrates the potential for spectral analysis to assist with drill hole logging and the identification of alteration zones as part of mineral exploration and development programs.