优化处理红宝石中轻微玻璃态物质的清理实验

针对目前市场上出现的一些因优化处理而产生轻微玻璃残余物的天然红宝石,经适当浓度的氢氟酸(浓度23%)浸泡后,位于红宝石内裂隙和表面凹坑中的轻微玻璃态残余物被溶解,达到清理玻璃态残余物的目的,并利用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)分析含玻璃材料的溶液中Si和Al的浓度分别为28.60μg/mL和2.795μg/mL,进而估算玻璃态残留物的损失量以判定热处理过程中非人为加入的玻璃态物质在红宝石中的充填程度。利用红外光谱仪对玻璃残留物清理前后的红宝石红外光谱进行对比研究得出:清理前,红外光谱显示在1 100~1 000 cm-1内有1个单峰宽谱带,谱峰为1 050 cm-1,是由νas(Si—O—Si)非对称伸缩振动引起的,表明残留物为非晶质体,750~600 cm-1之间位于744 cm-1的吸收峰为νs(Si—O—Si)对称伸缩振动引起;清理后,未检测到玻璃残余物特征的Si—O振动峰,仅具950~600 cm-1范围内的宽谱带,为刚玉Al—O基频振动谱带736、622 cm-1,体现晶质金属氧化物的特征,表明样品中玻璃态物质已被清除,实验后红宝石可被划归为经人工优化范畴。宝石显微镜下观察到清理实验后红宝石中原先被玻璃残余物所掩盖的显著内裂隙及表面凹坑。     

天然变石和提拉法合成变石的红外-拉曼光谱分析

合成变石的晶体结构、化学成分及宝石学特征与天然变石基本一致,常规宝石学检测方法很难区分。实验采用红外光谱仪和拉曼光谱仪测试分析,发现天然变石以2 800cm~(-1)~3 300cm~(-1) O—H伸缩振动和2 362cm~(-1) CO_2伸缩振动为红外特征吸收峰,而提拉法合成变石无此特征吸收;拉曼分析中,638cm~(-1) Be—O弯曲振动为天然变石的特征吸收,674cm~(-1) Be—O伸缩振动、708cm~(-1) Be—O弯曲振动、473cm~(-1) Al—O平移运动为提拉法合成变石的特征吸收;对天然变石与提拉法合成变石拉曼谱932cm~(-1)进行洛伦兹线性拟合,得到天然变石半高宽均在17.0cm~(-1)以上,而提拉法合成变石均在17.0cm~(-1)以下。     

新疆巴里坤膨润土的红外光谱分析

对巴里坤膨润土不同颜色的典型样品进行红外光谱测试分析,结果表明:巴里坤膨润土矿Ⅱ的膨润土的强吸收波谱出现在3627 cm-1(高频区)、1040 cm-1(中频区)、531 cm-1、470 cm-1(低频区)附近;5个代表样品的红外光谱曲线轮廓基本上一致,但仍存在一定的差异,不同颜色的膨润土因其化学成分的差异,在红外光谱曲线上有所不同,在3600 cm-1(高频区)附近,1#样品对红外光谱的吸收率较强,归属于Al—O—H的伸缩振动,说明1#样品蒙脱石的含量要高些;在797.64 cm-1(中频区)附近,1#、5#样品对红外光谱的吸收率要弱些,归属于Si—O—Si的反对称伸缩振动,说明SiO2的含量较低。     

天然气和液态混合烷烃拉曼特征峰与温度、压力的关系

天然气和液态混合烷烃在不同压力和温度下的原位拉曼测试表明,天然气和液态混合烷烃的拉曼特征峰随温度增高向高波数移动,随压力增大而表现出不同的拉曼位移趋势。2917 cm^-1左右为天然气的C–H对称伸缩振动峰(ν1),随压力增大向低波数移动,甲烷占烃类的比例和C₂₊烃类含量对ν1拉曼位移有影响。<150℃时,液态混合烷烃的C–H对称伸缩振动峰和C–H不对称伸缩振动峰随压力增加向高波数移动,拉曼特征峰位移与压力相关性曲线变化趋势一致;≥150℃时,液态混合烷烃的部分拉曼特征峰随压力增大向低波数移动,拉曼特征峰位移与压力相关性曲线变化趋势不一致。     

热处理电气石的物相转变

通过差热分析（DTA）、热处理和X射线衍射分析（XRD）等手段，研究我国西北某地区产的黑色电气石在热处理过程中的相转变过程，实验发现850℃热处理2h，电气石晶体结构的[Si6O18]复三方环和[BO3]三角结构已开始破坏，并出现新的物相－莫来石（Al2.35Si0.64O4.82)，铝硼氧化物（Al5BO9)和赤铁矿（Fe2O3)；890℃时，电气石分解形成的莫来石（Al2.35Si0.63O4.82)和赤铁矿（Fe2O3)量增加，并有新物相（Al2O3)9。97(B2O3)1.99形成；1010℃时，莫来石合成体系的Si、Al和O的原子个数比发生了变化（Al4.868Si1.132O9.566)，出现矽线石（Al2SiO5)、镁橄榄石（Mg2SiO4)、顽辉石（Mg(SiO)3)和镁铝硅硼酸盐（Mg2Al4Si4B4O37)等新物相。     

Al3+交换蛭石层间铝的赋存状态研究

利用阳离子交换实验方法,将天然蛭石转化为羟基Al3+型蛭石,通过X射线衍射、差热分析,研究铝离子在蛭石层间域中的赋存状态.结果显示,Al3+交换蛭石中的层间铝不能用KCl溶液将其提取出来,但可用柠檬酸钠溶液可以将其提取出来,是一种非交换性的聚合羟基铝.Al3+的离子电势虽然很高,但Al3+交换蛭石的脱水温度却低于蛭石原矿.表明Al3+进入蛭石层间域后发生水解反应,生成Al(OH)2+和Al(OH)2+从而降低了Al3+的有效离子电势,使其脱水温度降低.Al3+进入蛭石层间域后发生水解反应,其可能的水解反应式为[Al(OH2)6]3+〈=〉[Al(OH)x(OH2)6-x]3-x+xH+,其中x＜3.     

煤系高岭石/醋酸钾插层复合物热相变研究

高岭石插层复合物作为新型矿物材料现已被广泛应用。然而,插层复合物热稳定性较难控制使其在聚合物中的应用一直受到限制。本文应用热分析、X射线衍射、质谱及发射红外光谱等表征技术对煤系高岭石/醋酸钾插层复合物受热分解产物及微结构变化进行了研究。结果表明,煤系高岭石/醋酸钾插层复合物热相变主要经历以下几个阶段:插层水脱嵌(约350℃),插层剂醋酸钾脱嵌(约400℃),脱羟基(约450℃),偏高岭石形成(450~550℃),KHCO3出现(约600℃),KHCO3热分解形成K2CO3和KAl Si O4出现(约700℃),热解产品K2Al2Si O4出现(约800℃),K4Al2Si2O3出现(900~1000℃),大量K3Al O3形成阶段(1100℃及以上)。此外,还发现通过控制插层率和加热温度,可实现高岭石插层复合物的可控分解、新物相合成与转变,从而有利于新材料的合成。     

黔中地区含铝岩系中钪的分布及丰度研究

黔中地区含铝岩系是重要的含钪层,其铝土矿体和伴生硬质粘土岩中含有较为丰富的Sc2O3研究表明：铝土矿品位越高的区域,其含铝岩系中硬质粘土岩中钪的含量更高。铝土矿的Al2O3和A／S能直接反映Sc2O3质量和规模。Sc2O3与SiO2关系较为密切,与TFe2O3呈弱相关性,Fe203异常值时Sc2O3含量异常较明显。     

高岭石和伊利石的固体酸性受热处理温度的影响及其机理

高岭石([Al4(Si4O10)(OH)8])和伊利石(K0.75(Al1.75R0.252+)[Si3.5Al0.5O10](OH)2)是自然界常见的、具有结构代表性的两种层状硅酸盐矿物。高岭石由硅氧四面体片和铝氧八面体片按1∶1方式组成的结构单元层沿c轴方向排列而成,其片     

利用高铝粉煤灰合成β-Sialon粉体的实验研究

在N2气氛中以粉煤灰为原料,采用碳热还原氮化工艺制备了β-Sialon粉体,研究了碳含量、合成反应温度、保温时间和氮气流量等因素对生成物物相的影响。在添加适量Al2O3、C含量23%、氮气流量2L/min、合成温度1450℃、保温时间为6h的条件下,可获得Z=3的纯晶相β-Sialon粉体,粒度均一,形态规则。β-Sialon粉体粒径在1～3μm之间,形态与结晶程度受合成条件影响。在不同的制备条件下,所合成的产物为β-Sialon和Al N、β-SiC、Si3N4、Al6Si2O13、O’-Sialon、α-Al2O3、Si O2等的混合物。并对高铝粉煤灰合成β-Sialon的反应过程进行了分析。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)