长江中下游成矿带鸡笼山矽卡岩型铜金钼矿床花岗闪长斑岩对成岩-成矿的指示：来自地球化学和锆石U-Pb年龄的证据

长江中下游成矿带是燕山期古太平洋板块NW向俯冲背景下壳幔相互作用的外部响应,是长期成岩-成矿作用的直接结果,但丰山矿田的成岩-成矿事件并未得到深入的分析。以鄂东南丰山矿田鸡笼山矽卡岩型铜金钼矿床中与成矿有关的花岗闪长斑岩为研究对象,开展了详细的全岩地球化学和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年分析,探讨丰山矿田的成岩-成矿过程。研究结果显示,来自鸡笼山矿床的花岗闪长斑岩为高钾钙碱性、准铝质花岗岩(A/CNK值多小于1),并且具有埃达克岩特征(高Sr/Y值);锆石U-Pb年龄为147.5±1.4 Ma,表明成矿岩体在晚侏罗世就位。综合已有研究,提出鸡笼山矿床成矿岩体为具有火山弧岩浆特征的埃达克质花岗岩,成矿岩体由富集岩石圈地幔的部分熔融形成,且岩浆上升过程中,遭受了地壳物质的混染。丰山矿田成岩-成矿事件统计分析结果表明,丰山矿田存在152～145 Ma和142～138 Ma两期成岩-成矿作用,第一期成岩-成矿事件对应形成斑岩-矽卡岩型铜-金-钼矿,第二期成岩-成矿事件对应形成斑岩型成矿系统。由于研究区西南侧和东北侧差异性隆升-剥蚀由大到小,东北侧丰山洞矿区现今保留完好的斑岩-矽卡岩型铜-金...     

铜铃坡铜(钼)矿床埃达克质岩地球化学特征及成矿制约

<正>安徽贵池是长江中下游著名的矿集区之一,多金属成矿与燕山期岩浆作用关系密切。铜铃坡位于贵池南部,其大地构造位置处于扬子陆块东南缘。岩浆岩主要为石英闪长岩(具有埃达克质岩地球化学特征)。围岩蚀变类型主要为矽卡岩化。岩石呈斑状结构和块状结构,主要造岩矿物为斜长石、钾长石、石英、黑云母和角闪石及少量副矿物。铜铃坡是贵池矿集区近年来新发现的铜(钼)矿床。铜铃坡岩浆岩Si O2在58.5%~62.8%之间,同时具有高Al2O3(15.8%)、相对高Mg O含量、高Ba(1000×10-6)     

西藏浦桑果铜多金属矿床中酸性岩石成因及动力学背景:年代学、地球化学及Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf同位素约束

浦桑果矿床位于拉萨地块冈底斯成矿带中段,为侵入岩体与钙质围岩接触带内形成的矽卡岩型高品位铜多金属矿床(Cu@1. 42%,Pb+Zn@2. 83%),是冈底斯成矿带目前唯一一个大型富铜铅锌(钴镍)矿床。本文以浦桑果矿床相关中酸性侵入岩体(黑云母花岗闪长岩和闪长玢岩)为主要研究对象,开展LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学、全岩主微量元素、全岩SrNd-Pb及锆石Lu-Hf同位素研究,旨在厘定侵入岩体的形成时代、岩石成因及成岩成矿的动力学背景。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,黑云母花岗闪长岩和闪长玢岩侵位年龄分别为13. 6～14. 4Ma和13. 6～14. 6Ma,岩体形成时代均属中新世。岩石地球化学特征表明,闪长玢岩和黑云母花岗闪长岩均属高钾钙碱性I型花岗质岩石;岩石普遍具高Sr含量(599×10~(-6)～1616×10~(-6))、高Sr/Y(48. 2～132. 3)和高(La/Yb)N(19. 6～25. 4)比值特征,具低Y(10. 38×10~(-6)～12. 70×10~(-6))和Yb含量(0. 79×10~(-6)～1. 17×10~(-6))特征,表现出埃达克质岩的地球化学属性。全岩稀土元素表现为明显富集轻稀土元素(LREEs)和大离子亲石元素(LILEs),而相对亏损重稀土元素(HREEs)和高场强元素Nb、Ta、P、Ti等(HFSE)。全岩Sr-Nd-Pb及锆石Hf同位素分析结果表明,浦桑果矿床相关中酸性岩石与冈底斯成矿带中新世大多斑岩-矽卡岩矿床紧密相关的埃达克质侵入岩体具相似的同位素组成特征,指示岩石具同源岩浆特征且埃达克质岩浆主要起源于拉萨地块加厚新生下地壳。浦桑果矿床中酸性岩体主要形成于后碰撞伸展的构造背景,因碰撞挤压向后碰撞伸展背景的构造转换,引起印度大陆岩石圈发生拆沉(42～25Ma)及拉萨地块中富集岩石圈地幔发生部分熔融,从而形成富含Cu、Co等基性岩浆熔体底侵加厚新生下地壳(25～18Ma),导致拉萨地块加厚新生下地壳中部分石榴子石角闪岩相发生部分熔融,最终形成闪长质熔体于浦桑果矿区有利构造部位形成具埃达克质属性的中酸性侵入岩体(13～14Ma)和矽卡岩型铜多金属矿体。     

辽东黄泥岭石英二长岩锆石U--Pb年代学、岩石地球化学及其成因

对华北克拉通东北缘、辽东黄泥岭岩体锆石U--Pb年代学和岩石地球化学的测试研究表明,黄泥岭岩体岩性为似斑状含辉石石英二长岩,锆石U--Pb加权平均年龄为174±0. 4 Ma,成岩时代为中侏罗世早期;岩石主量元素具有高Al、Ca、Na、Fe,低Mg特征;δEu弱-无负异常;富集Rb、Sr、Ba、Th、U等大离子亲石元素和LREE,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Ti、HREE和相容元素V、Cr、Co、Ni,为"高Sr低Yb型"花岗岩。黄泥岭岩体为C型埃达克质岩,其岩浆来自于加厚基性下地壳的部分熔融。黄泥岭石英二长岩等中侏罗世早期C型埃达克质岩在华北克拉通东缘的大量分布表明,至少从中侏罗世初开始,古亚洲洋构造体系对本区的控制已经结束,环太平洋构造体系主导了本区的构造岩浆活动。     

安徽宣城茶亭铜金矿床赋矿石英闪长玢岩锆石U-Pb年龄及岩石成因

安徽宣城茶亭Cu-Au矿床是长江中下游成矿带内新发现的一个斑岩型矿床。文章对该矿床赋矿石英闪长玢岩进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素年龄及岩石主量与微量元素、Sr-Nd同位素和锆石Lu-Hf同位素分析,旨在探讨其岩浆起源和岩石成因。锆石U-Pb同位素年龄测定结果显示,赋矿石英闪长玢岩形成年龄为137.8±1.3 Ma(MSWD=0.72),为早白垩世岩浆活动的产物。岩石主量元素显示其具富碱富钠特征,为亚碱性准铝质高钾钙碱性系列岩石。岩石微量元素显示其富集大离子亲石元素K、Rb、Sr、Ba和轻稀土元素,弱富集Zr和Hf,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti等,稀土元素配分型式表现为无明显Eu异常。岩石(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i值介于0.706403~0.707903之间,ε_(Nd)(t)值介于-7.4~-13.3之间(t=137.8 Ma)。锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值为-4.25~-11.75(t=137.8 Ma)。主量元素、微量元素、Sr-Nd同位素和锆石Hf同位素地球化学特征均指示,赋矿石英闪长玢岩可能是富集岩石圈地幔与扬子下地壳物质部分熔融形成的岩浆混合后侵位的产物。对比长江中下游成矿带断隆区和断凹区侵入岩发现,宣城茶亭矿床赋矿石英闪长玢岩与长江中下游成矿带断凹区(宁芜、庐枞矿集区等)侵入岩,无论是岩石主量与微量元素地球化学特征还是同位素地球化学特征都存在一定差异,而与断隆区(铜陵矿集区)赋矿岩浆岩表现出一致性,暗示宣城茶亭矿床赋矿石英闪长玢岩与长江中下游成矿带断隆区岩浆岩有着基本一致的成岩物质来源和岩石成因机制,是富集岩石圈地幔熔融岩浆及其引起的下地壳物质部分熔融岩浆发生岩浆混合作用并伴随着一定程度的分离结晶作用进而浅成侵位形成。     

长江中下游成矿带陆内斑岩型矿床的成岩成矿作用

陆内环境斑岩型矿床的发现对斑岩成矿理论的完善具有重要意义。长江中下游成矿带作为中国东部重要的陆内成矿带之一,成矿带内发育多个重要的斑岩型矿床,如铜山口Cu-Mo矿床、鸡冠嘴Cu-Au矿床、白云山Cu矿、城门山Cu-Mo矿床、武山Cu-Mo矿床、丰山洞Cu-Au矿床、丁家山Cu矿、洋鸡山Au矿、沙溪Cu-Au矿床、冬瓜山Cu-Au矿床、舒家店Cu矿床和安基山Cu矿床等。本文选取成矿带内典型的、具有代表性的斑岩型矿床,对其地质特征(地层、构造、含矿斑岩、脉体特征和围岩蚀变)、成岩成矿年代、成矿岩体的岩石化学和成岩成矿地球化学等方面的研究资料和成果进行了系统总结,讨论和试图阐明长江中下游成矿带陆内斑岩型矿床的成岩成矿作用与成矿模式。研究显示,长江中下游成矿带形成于燕山期陆内造山过程,成矿斑岩岩浆活动和成矿作用主要发生于149~105Ma之间,进一步可以分为早、中、晚三阶段:149~135Ma、133~125Ma和123~105Ma,三阶段岩浆活动和成矿作用主要发生于成矿带中的断隆区,早阶段(149~135Ma)和晚阶段(123~105Ma)多为斑岩-矽卡岩型矿化,中阶段(133~125Ma)矿化为典型的斑岩型矿化。长江中下游成矿带内斑岩型矿床的含矿斑岩为高钾钙碱性-钙碱性系列岩石,大部分具有埃达克岩的地球化学特征,可能为源自富集地幔的岩浆和加厚下地壳部分熔融的岩浆混合的产物,源自富集地幔的基性岩浆对成矿具有至关重要的作用,它的混入使得混合岩浆富水、硫和金属(Cu、Au)等。进一步通过与岩浆弧环境的斑岩型矿床对比研究发现,长江中下游成矿带斑岩型矿床一般不发育高级泥化岩帽(advanced argillic liithocaps)以及浅部的高-中硫矿化蚀变系统,含矿岩浆源区性质和成矿物质来源等与岩浆弧环境的斑岩型矿床明显不同。     

豫西崤山后河岩体的地球化学及锆石稀土元素特征

豫西崤山北部内生金属成矿作用较弱,仅有几个规模较小的Au矿床。对崤山北部燕山期酸性小岩体开展岩石成因研究,不仅可对深部动力学过程进行限定,而且为区域找矿思路的转变提供依据。为此,对崤山北部的后河岩体全岩样品进行了主量元素、微量元素、稀土元素及锆石稀土元素成分分析。后河岩体具有高硅、富碱高钾、贫镁低钙的特征,岩体样品投点在SiO2-K2O图解中落入钾玄岩系列,A/CNK值介于104~126之间。后河岩体的稀土配分模式具有右倾平滑、轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的特征,(La/Yb)N范围为3095~4938,无明显Eu异常。后河岩体富集Rb和Th,具有明显的Nb、Ta、P和Ti负异常,高Sr,低Y、Yb,属于埃达克岩。后河岩体是加厚大陆下地壳的部分熔融形成的,部分熔融源区的残余相矿物包括石榴石和金红石,岩浆演化过程中没有经历明显的斜长石结晶分异作用。后河岩体锆石稀土元素具有轻稀土亏损、重稀土富集、Ce正异常及无明显Eu异常的特征,锆石的形成温度介于624~701 ℃之间,后河锆石/熔体体系中重稀土元素分配系数变化证明了深部岩浆(流体)混合作用的存在。后河岩体是早白垩世崤山北部岩石圈拆沉作用的产物,这有利于成矿流体和埃达克质岩浆快速上升,其周缘出露申家窑Au矿床及岩体自身明显的Au、Ag、Cu、Mo及W高含量异常均表明后河具有较大的成矿潜力,它应当是崤山北部的找矿靶区之一。     

完达山地块跃进山矽卡岩型铜金矿区酸性侵入岩锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及成因

跃进山小型矽卡岩型铜金矿床位于完达山地体西南部,矿体主要赋存于矽卡岩、花岗斑岩及其构造裂隙中,呈扁豆状或脉状。本文对矿区花岗闪长岩和花岗斑岩进行锆石U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学研究,以了解矿床形成时代、成岩（矿）构造背景及矿床成因。测年结果表明,花岗斑岩和花岗闪长岩成岩年龄分别为（115.8±1.0）Ma和（126.9±1.7）Ma,铜金矿化时代与花岗斑岩成岩时代基本一致,为早白垩世晚期。岩石地球化学研究表明,花岗闪长岩属过铝质钙碱性系列岩石,稀土配分模式图为轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损,具较强的铕负异常,无铈异常,岩浆主要来源于壳源物质;花岗斑岩属过铝质钙碱性系列岩石,轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损,具弱铕负异常,无铈异常,相对富集大离子亲石元素（Rb、Ba、K、Sr）和不相容元素（U、Th）,亏损高场强元素（Ta、Nb、P、Ti）和HREE,岩浆来源于壳幔物质混合源区,形成于碰撞后构造环境,成岩成矿作用与太平洋板块强烈俯冲作用后的伸展体制密切相关。     

冈底斯东段汤不拉斑岩Mo-Cu矿床成岩成矿时代与成因研究

汤不拉斑岩型钼铜矿床是冈底斯成矿带目前识别出的最东部的一个大型斑岩矿床,但是其成岩成矿时代一直缺乏年代学约束。本文通过对成矿斑岩的系统地球化学研究,采用LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb方法和辉钼矿Re-Os方法研究了汤不拉矿床的成岩、成矿年龄。研究结果显示汤不拉花岗斑岩锆石U-Pb年龄为19.72±0.20Ma;而辉钼矿Re-Os年龄为20.9±1.3Ma,成岩和成矿时代在误差范围内基本一致,表明斑岩体与矿化的形成时间相近。汤不拉成矿斑岩具有与埃达克质岩相似的地球化学特征,如高Sr、Sr/Y、(La/Yb)N,亏损重稀土Yb与Y,并富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、Th,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti等,并具有与新生地壳源林子宗群火山岩相似的(87Sr/86Sr)i(0.70598～0.70676)和εNd(t)(-1.75～-3.27)同位素特征。本文认为汤不拉埃达克质成矿斑岩可能起源于增厚新生下地壳的部分熔融,是在中新世后碰撞构造环境中在板片断离作用下导致的成岩和成矿事件。综合区域上的已有资料,可知整个冈底斯斑岩成矿带后碰撞成矿阶段成岩时间为21～12Ma,成矿时间集中在17～13Ma,成矿时间持续大约4Ma,而汤不拉斑岩型钼铜矿床是后碰撞阶段最早形成的斑岩矿床之一。     

冈底斯中段达布埃达克质含矿斑岩:增厚下地壳熔融与斑岩铜钼矿成因

冈底斯中段达布斑岩铜钼矿床发育在印度-欧亚大陆后碰撞地壳伸展环境,含矿斑岩为一套高钾钙碱性岩系,其地球化学组成与典型的埃达克岩的地球化学组成非常类似,如高w(Sr)(401×10-6～1 060×10-6)与w(Sr)/w(Y)、[w(La)/w(Yb)]N比值,亏损重稀土元素Yb与Y,无Eu异常、具正Sr异常等.在微量元素原始地幔蛛网图中,明显富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、Th、Sr,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、P、Ti.认为达布埃达克质含矿斑岩起源于富钾增厚下地壳的部分熔融,是在中新世后碰撞构造环境中在板片断离作用下受到软流圈热源上涌影响而触发形成的.埃达克质岩浆在上升的过程中可能交代同时期形成的超钾质岩浆,使二者产生混合交换反应,一方面导致埃达克质岩浆的w(MgO)增高,一方面埃达克质岩浆萃取超钾质岩浆中的金属元素,有利于成矿.达布Cu、Mo成矿作用与高Mg#埃达克质岩关系密切,表明在冈底斯地块上寻找与高Mg#埃达克质岩有关的Cu多金属矿床是一个新的找矿思路.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)