数码城市GIS数据浏览器的设计实现

多种类型数据的集成应用是数码城市GIS的特色之一。稳定高效的数据调度与融合机制、逼真的可视化效果、灵活方便的场景操纵方式、简洁友好的界面是设计数码城市GIS数据浏览器时所要考虑的几个关键因素。分析了数码城市GIS数据浏览器的设计和实现方法，并针对深圳市三维景观模型数据的包装，介绍了数码城市GIS数据浏览器的应用实例。     

GIS在浙江海塘管理中的应用

提出了工程管理地理信息系统(GIS)的设计模式,并应用此方法对浙江海塘GIS进行了开发.经实践证明该模式是有效的,具有实用价值.     

面向移动空间信息服务的可移植嵌入式GIS平台

智能终端和移动互联网的快速发展使得移动空间信息服务成为数字城市和数字地球的重要内容,而各种基于定位导航的嵌入式地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)也逐步成为这类信息服务的主要方式.分析了现代移动空间信息服务的特征,采用层次式模块化的方法,介绍了基于GIS的可移植抽象层、多元数据存储模型、电子地图显示引擎和高性能应用服务引擎等关键模块的设计,设计了可移植的嵌入式GIS平台,为通用的移动空间信息服务移动端的应用开发提供了一个切实可行的方案.      

地质钻孔信息形化管理系统框架设计与关键技术研究

钻孔是重要的地下信息获取手段, 为了有效地存储和管理青藏铁路建设中大量使用的钻孔信息, 讨论了一种适合野外单机工作环境下, 空间信息与复杂非空间信息结合存储和访问的机制, 即“混合数据模型”机制, 并基于该机制实现钻孔数据的存储与管理. 通过 UML方法和“设计模式”的思想,设计并实现了“地质钻孔信息图形化管理系统”的核心架构, 采用 GIS和自动生成柱状图的方法, 解决了传统钻孔数据维护和表现的难点.     

基于插件技术的GIS应用框架的研究与实现

为了解决传统GIS软件的行业化、专业化和开发成本较高的问题, 使GIS软件面向大众化、低成本化发展, 构建插件式GIS应用框架平台, 能提供一个具有良好的复用性和灵活的可扩展性平台, 同时为项目实施所面对的特定知识应用领域提供很好支持软件框架具有实际意义.在深入研究“平台+插件”模型的本质与实现机制后, 提出了基于插件技术的GIS应用框架的对象模型、消息机制和层次结构.同时将这一理论成果成功应用到了大型GIS平台---MAPGIS7.0的开发与实践中, 实现了全插件式的GIS应用框架, 使平台功能扩展和GIS的应用开发具有了可行性.      

面向网络应用的构件化嵌入式地理信息系统

解决在嵌入式有限的资源条件下 (硬件处理速度、存储容量等) , 大容量空间信息的压缩与检索、与大型GIS系统交互等关键技术问题.系统综合应用了构件 (component , 组件) 技术、中间件技术、嵌入式操作系统和网络通讯技术.基于该系统的实际应用, 证明了它能够实现嵌入式设备上的空间信息管理、浏览、查询、分析处理等GIS功能;并支持嵌入式地理信息终端与大型GIS系统的交互、网络服务 ( Web Service) 以及实现系统间功能的互操作.      

油轮实时监控及生产调度决策支持系统设计与实现

主要介绍了GIS和决策支持在海洋石油开发船舶监控与调度领域的应用,结合GPS卫星定位技术、GSM全球移动通讯技术、GIS地理信息技术及计算机网络通信与数据处理技术,设计实现了一套远程监控调度决策系统。系统包括油轮实时监控和生产调度决策二个子系统,这里分别从硬件和软件二个角度对系统进行了描述,并对生产调度决策支持的简单设计模式进行了论述。实际运用证明,该系统能够较好的解决在海洋石油开采中,石油运输所存在的部分问题。     

GIS的社会化及公众GIS

GIS(地理信息系统 )的发展继专业化和行业化阶段之后 ,正处于社会化发展阶段。在该阶段 ,GIS的主要作用是为公众提供信息服务。文章在分析了GIS的这种发展趋势的基础上提出了“公众GIS”的概念 ,即 :直接面向公众 ,为公众提供信息服务和辅助公众进行行为决策的地理信息系统。与传统GIS相比 ,公众GIS更具有信息服务业的特点。公众GIS的建设应该突出信息的全面性、现势性和准确性、系统的友好性以及数据的易维护性等原则。公众GIS的关键技术包括数据采集、网络、数据库、多媒体以及系统的友好性设计等技术。公众GIS在建设全国城市公众信息服务网、全国交通旅游信息网以及汽车导航信息系统等方面具有广阔的应用前景。文章对公众GIS的实例———“今日武汉”公众查询系统作了简要介绍。     

嵌入式空间索引策略

嵌入式GIS的移动终端设备被有限的资源所束缚.使得需要使用合适的策略去解决这些问题如有限存储与大数据量之间的矛盾以及适应实时的需求.分别总结了移动终端和GIS空间数据的特点, 如移动终端的效率性和空间数据的复杂性等.将嵌入式GIS应用划分为3类: 电子地图浏览、导航系统和野外数据采集.综合描述已有的索引算法: R树、四叉树、Buddy树, 同时提出了基于主题导向的空间索引策略.实践证明, 该索引策略对已有的索引算法扬长避短, 大大提高嵌入式GIS数据存取、内存使用和CPU性能方面的效率.      

基于模型驱动架构的GIS应用开发研究

模型驱动架构是一种通过用于定义模型和推动不同模型类型之间的转换实现系统与平台无关性的设计和实现方法。提出基于模型驱动架构进行GIS应用系统开发思想--用模型驱动的原理隔离GIS应用系统的系统设计和系统实现来独立建模业务行为和领域元素,使二次开发者关注系统应用的本身,而不是将特定的GIS基础平台作为系统开发的中心。并对通过建立领域应用模型和通用GIS服务模型来构建应用系统的平台无关模型、利用GIS平台提供的UML Profile将平台无关模型影射到平台相关模型、以及利用建模工具软件将平台相关模型生成应用代码的原理和方法进行了论述。     

现代冲积河流的河型空间转化模式探讨

论述了现代冲积河流系统中常见河型的自然分布及转化特征,归纳了河型从上游向下游发生空间转化的 5种主要模式。这些河型转化模式发生的相对频率是不同的,其中从辫状河流向曲流河流转化的发生频率最大。文中通过具体实例总结了这些转化模式分别发生时的主要影响因素。     

African urbanization in Metropolitan South Africa — differential urbanization perspectives

The supersession of the process of urbanization by what has been termed polarization reversal and counterurbanization in advanced developing and developed countries has become a much debated issue over the past 15 years. Disaggregated migration studies indicate that in addition to mainstream population migration patterns, undercurrent migration patterns may be evident which could differ quite substantially from the former. Such divergent migratory patterns occurring at the same time in the same country are called differential urbanization. As a potentially important urban development policy consideration, attention is focused in this paper on differential urbanization trends in South Africa at the metropolitan level. Recent informal urban settlement patterns of the African population within the major metropolitan areas are contrasted against these differential urbanization trends to determine the implications of both for residential development in the metropolitan areas during the post-apartheid era.     

An Overview on Changes of Dry/Wet Pattern in China in Decadal to Centennial Warm and Cold Periods During the Past Millennium

Revealing the multi-scale variation characteristics of the drought/flood patterns for the past millennium has been a hot spot in climate change research in recent years. It has significance for understanding and predicting the temporal and spatial differences of precipitation changes in the context of future climate warming. Based on publications on the peer-reviewed journals, here, we summarized and compared the combinations between cold/warm periods and dry/wet spatial patterns at multi-scales in China over the past millennium. The main conclusions are: although there are differences in China's dry/wet patterns in different cold and warm periods for the past millennium, the ensemble mean shows that the dry/wet patterns in eastern China in decadal or centennial warm periods are approximately "dry (South China)-wet (middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River)-dry (Huanghuai Area)" from south to north, while in the relatively cold periods it mainly shows a "wet in east and dry in west" pattern. The climate changes from cold to warm usually lead to a drying trend in the Huanghuai Area, and a wetting trend in the Jiangnan area (especially the Yangtze River basin in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces). This shows that the "flood in south and drought in north" pattern in eastern China since the 1970s under the background of global warming may be a re-occurrence of the matching characteristics of cold/warm climate and dry/wet patterns in China for the past millennium. However, from the perspective of the longer-scale cold and warm stages, the dry/wet pattern in China tend to be "dry in the arid and semi-arid areas in western China; wet in southwestern, northern, and northeastern China; and dry in southeastern China" in the Medieval Climate Anomaly, and an opposite pattern shows in the Little Ice Age. It suggests that there are still uncertainties in the current climate reconstructions, and it also shows that the mechanism of dry/wet pattern responding to multi-scale temperature fluctuations might be extremely complicated.     

Temporal variability of remotely sensed suspended sediment and sea surface temperature patterns in Mobile Bay,Alabama

Distribution patterns of suspended sediments and sea surface temperatures in, Mobile Bay were derived from algorithms using digital data from the visible, near infrared, and infrared channels of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the NOAA-TIROS-N satellite. Closely spaced AVHRR scenes for January 20, 24, and 29, 1982, were compared with available environmental information taken during the same period. A complex interaction between river discharge, winds, and astronomical tides controlled the distribution patterns of suspended sediments. These same variables, coupled with air temperatures, also governed the distribution patterns of sea surface temperatures.     

济源盆地中侏罗统马凹组砂岩粒度特征分析

济源盆地中侏罗统马凹组下段发育厚约80m的中细粒砂岩,前人在许多文献中称其为长石石英砂岩.通过对所取砂岩样品薄片镜下观察,将其命名为岩屑石英砂岩.该段砂岩自下而上粒度具有以下特征:平均粒径(Mz)总体由大变小,标准偏差(σ)反映砂岩分选由中等逐渐变好,标准偏差(σ)和偏度(SK1)都具有典型河流沉积物特征.频率曲线表现为不对称三峰或双峰,概率累积曲线由“低斜四段”式渐变为“高斜跳悬两段”式.该套砂岩沉积时期水流不稳,有多期洪流出现,表现为平均粒径和标准偏差的局部来回振荡.其C-M图显示主要发育牵引流PQ、QR、RS段,符合经典曲流河沉积模式.     

琼中麻粒岩的成因:稀土元素地球化学制约

稀土元素地球化学分析表明,琼中麻粒岩可以分为"高Ti"麻粒岩(TiO2含量大于1.0%)和"低Ti"麻粒岩(TiO2含量低于1.0%)两种化学类型."高Ti"麻粒岩以稀土总量高,轻稀土高度富集,轻、重稀土强烈分馏为特征,稀土配分曲线呈右倾单斜型,与本区变基性火山岩的稀土分布特征相似;低"Ti"麻粒岩以稀土总量较低,轻稀土分馏强烈,但重稀土分馏不明显为特征,稀土配分曲线呈重稀土平坦的左高右低型,与许多浅成基性岩的稀土分布特征相似;认为琼中麻粒岩形成于晋宁期的可能性最大.两类麻粒岩的识别,有利于深化对琼中杂岩形成和演化过程的认识.     

Modes of synoptic development within the Polar Basin

The patterns of advective development are classified for twelve synoptic sequences in the Polar Basin during the June through October interval of 1979. The intent is to develop models of the advective contribution to synoptic evolution.Fifteen categories are derived from 94 cases. Five are significant classes in that they represent at least 6 members each. While there is a predominance of patterns which are interpreted as weakening or occuluded, there are significant examples of intensification and frontogenesis within the Basin. One case is over the central Arctic Ocean. In other classes, there is development as a result of radiative or diabatic influences despite the frontolyic nature of the advective patterns.This is the first attempt to classify synoptic systems on the basis of a dynamic index, in contrast to pressure patterns. This approach provides new insight into the processes responsible for the evolution of the systems.List of symbols C_p specific heat of dry air - g acceleration due to gravity - H diabatic heating rate - p pressure - R gas constant - V_g geostrophic wind velocity - W vertical velocity - static stability - f _o Criolis parameter - geopotential height - approximate vertical velocity — omega - p density of air     

Regional investment effectiveness and development levels in China

For centuries, it has been taken for granted that social and economic development in China has an east-west spread, or from the coast to the interior. Even though a tremendous effort was made by the socialist government for thirty years (1949-1978) on rectifying this unhealthy imbalance, most people hold the belief that the spatial patterns of China's development remain the same as they were forty years ago. This deep-rooted concept plays an important role in shaping China's present economic development strategies. Thus, an evaluation of the impact of the goverment's regional balance effort remains critical. Understanding the changes and patterns of China's regional development is central to formulating appropriate policies for future planning. In this paper an overview of regional development is presented from the perspective of history. Regression between the total fixed capital investment and the combined industrial and agricultural output is analyzed, and an effort is made to find out the spatial distribution of regional investment effectiveness. A factor analysis based on twenty socio-economic variables revealed that apart from the traditional E-W regional disparity, the modern socialist dispersal policy has also affected the regional development in China. Though the historical economic factors unbalanced the development from E to W, the economic pratice advocated by Socialist China has reversed the tendency to some extent. A cluster analysis of 21 provinces, five autonomous administrative regions, and three municipalities identified new spatial patterns, and the result strengthened the finding that the effort of regional balance in the period of 1949–1978 is still at work.     

贵州中西部的构造格局与构造应力场

贵州中西部的基底交叉断裂控制盖层中方向各异的褶皱断裂带,组合为弧形、菱形和三角形等各种构造型式,构成统一的区域构造格局。根据构造组合反演块体在多向侧压力联合作用下的构造应力场,并用有限元法进行数值模拟。此外,还结合对沉积古构造的历史分析,阐明区域动力作用方式的转变。