我国湿地研究进展——献给中国科学院长春地理研究所成立40周年

回顾了我国湿地研究,尤其是近１０年的研究进展,包括湿地资源的综合考察,湿地基本概念的开发,湿地功能研究、湿地资源的保护与合理利用,并对我国湿地研究提出了展望。     

CHANGES IN URBAN STRUCTURE IN BANGLADESH

This paper examines the structural effects of colonization on city-size distribution in Bangladesh. It also explores how development policies of independent Bangladesh impacted subsequent patterns and trends of urbanization in the country. The urban structure is analyzed using rank-size plots, a rank-size regression model, and a rank-mobility index. The historical analysis of city rank-size relationships reveals the structural effect of the policies of the British to concentrate urban functions in few urban centers, the Pakistani period of primate-city development, and the deconcentration policies of the Bangladeshi period. The top few cities continue to dominate, irrespective of Bangladesh's government plan to reverse development polarization caused by urban primacy.     

RESEARCH IN CLIMATOLOGY BY GEOGRAPHERS IN JAPAN

This is the last in a series of reports on various aspects of geographic research in Japan. The series has been sponsored by the United States Committee for the International Geographic Union in anticipation of the 1980 IGC in Tokyo. Like its predecessors, this report has been modified by H. Jesse Walker, member of the Committe, for the benefit of English-speaking readers of THE PROFESSIONAL GEOGRAPHER.     

甘肃省区域经济非均衡性与人口空间分布研究

甘肃省各地区自然、社会、经济、文化、人口差异很大,影响经济发展和人口分布的因素也各不相同,为了分析清楚甘肃省经济发展与人口空间分布的现状,本文采用2004年最新统计数据对甘肃省经济不均衡性与人口分布的相关关系进行分析。首先通过计算基尼系数和地理联系率,分析比较了甘肃省主要经济部门与人口空间分布的集中与分散程度,然后通过计算地区综合经济指数、文化水平综合均值,分析甘肃省综合经济水平与人口发展的相关关系,从经济部门的内部组成与外部综合经济实力两个方面分析了甘肃省经济与人口分布以及综合经济水平与综合人口素质的空间关系,为甘肃省经济合理布局和适度人口政策的制定提供了参考意见,为地区经济、人口协调可持续发展提供理论基础。     

CHANGES IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN METROPOLITAN AREAS *

Different types of farming in metropolitan areas show both negative and positive responses to urban and nonurban forces of change. The variety of impacts has been neglected by most spatial intensity models and land use studies. This study examines census data from 1949 to 1982 in seven major U.S. metropolitan areas for six commodity types to detect regular patterns of changes in sales value, area harvested, number of animals, and intensity of production. Results show large declines in dairy farming, followed by poultry and fruit and nuts; some recent recovery in vegetable crops; and steady increases in both low value field crops and high value horticultural specialties. A trend toward polarization of metropolitan agriculture is indicated. Results also show differences between inner and outer urban fringe areas and a decline in the differential in intensity of production between metropolitan and non-metropolitan agriculture.     

中国南极陨石研究新进展

本文对我国南极陨石的收集、分类和研究工作进行了回顾和阶段性的总结。4次格罗夫山考察共发现陨石样品9834块,其中已完成和计划2008年完成分类的陨石共2431块。在正式公布的684块已分类陨石中,鉴定出2块火星陨石、2块灶神星陨石、6块橄辉无球粒陨石、5块中铁陨石、1块橄榄陨铁、1块铁陨石以及10块碳质球粒陨石等特殊样品,并对其中的部分样品开展了深入的研究。建议拓展南极陨石的收集,持续开展陨石的分类工作,并提出我国南极陨石研究的重点方向。     

中国生态安全评价研究进展

生态安全评价研究是可持续发展、地理学、生态学及资源与环境科学等的热点问题。运用文献资料法、综合分析归纳法,阐述了生态安全与相关概念的关系,概括总结了中国目前常用的生态安全评价指标体系、评价方法及分级标准,提出了生态安全评价的工作流程。根据生态安全评价的研究进展,确定其未来的发展趋势为:利用3S空间技术,结合景观生态学、地理学等基础理论,逐步统一和完善生态安全评价指标体系及评价结果的分级标准,在对模型可信度与准确度评价的基础上,重视动态的评价、模拟及预警研究。     

CHANGES IN ETHNIC SOLIDARITY IN CUBAN MIAMI*

ABSTRACT. Many people describe the Cuban community in Miami as a prime example of ethnic solidarity; others see it as internally divided. This study argues that the contradiction can be resolved when ethnic solidarity is seen as encompassing various components and when changes in cohesiveness in response to external and internal influences on the ethnic community are taken into account. These influences include the context of reception in the United States and the relationship between established Cubans and more recent immigrants. We need to refine our understanding of what constitutes ethnic solidarity, how it changes over time, and what role it plays, both within the community in general and within the ethnic‐enclave economy in particular     

天山冰碛物中的花粉组合及冰期环境

通过对天山乌鲁木齐河源区和天山南麓台兰河口区、木扎尔特河口区冰碛物中花粉分析，表明在冰期阶段不同区域的花粉组合均以灌木及为主，乔木含量很低，反映冰川所到之处距云杉林均大于５ｋｍ。冰期阶段，天山南北坡环境差异明显，北坡以草原为主，南麓带以荒漠草原为主，山地气候较现代干燥，山麓地带较现代略湿润。     

中国南极陨石研究新进展

本文对我国南极陨石的收集、分类和研究工作进行了回顾和阶段性的总结。4次格罗夫山考察共发现陨石样品9834块,其中已完成和计划2008年完成分类的陨石共2431块。在正式公布的684块已分类陨石中,鉴定出2块火星陨石、2块灶神星陨石、6块橄辉无球粒陨石、5块中铁陨石、1块橄榄陨铁、1块铁陨石以及10块碳质球粒陨石等特殊样品,并对其中的部分样品开展了深入的研究。建议拓展南极陨石的收集,持续开展陨石的分类工作,并提出我国南极陨石研究的重点方向。     

我国河流水化学研究进展

河流水资源是我国水资源的最重要组成部分,本文从我国河流水质监测站网的发展、河流水化学特征和３０ａ来河流水质变化３方面,总结我国学者对我国河流水化学的研究进展。     

近15年来中国古村镇旅游商业化研究进展

古村镇旅游商业化成为旅游学界研究的热点之一。运用文献资料法分析近15年来中国古村镇旅游商业化研究进展,按研究内容将已有研究主要归纳为古村镇旅游商业化的概念、特征、影响与评价、成因、对策和建议等几个方面,研究方法以描述性的定性研究为主,定量研究逐渐增多。在此基础上,提出未来中国古村镇旅游商业化研究趋势：完善概念等相关理论知识;扩宽研究视角;加强古村镇旅游商业化的定量测评,同时应与质性研究相结合;拓展案例地的研究范围;重视古村镇旅游商业化演化过程的研究等。     

我国东北地区火口湖,堰塞湖水体环境中元素的地球化学特征

我国东北地区有许多火口湖和火山活动形成的堰塞湖，些湖泊中蕴藏丰富的淡水资源。本文系统报道了湖水湖底沉积物中元素的组成和地球化学特征，探讨了湖水中元素含量的垂直变化和季节变化、沉积少中元素的相关关系和迁称系数。结果发现：湖水中Ｎａ、Ｒｂ、Ｃｓ、Ｋ、Ｂｅ、Ｗ、Ｆ含量火口湖高于堰塞湖；沉积物中Ｐｂ、Ｌａ含量火口湖高于堰塞湖，而ＱＶ、Ｃｏ、Ｂａ堰塞湖高于火口湖。潮水和沉积物中元素含量受汇水区岩性的强烈影响     

我国人地关系研究进展评述

我国科学化的人地关系研究，起步于20世纪初期，受西方“科学思潮”和我国古代地理学特质的双重影响，形成了以人地关系研究为核心、注重人文与自然统一和野外考察的传统。50年代至70年代，人文地球学一度遭到否定，地理学的自然研究与人文研究出现严重割裂，科学体系的建立被长期中断，致使人地关系研究全面衰退。80年代以来，我国人地关系研究在科学体系和理论体系的构建、国际学术前沿领域的追踪、人地关系地域系统等方面取得长足发展，文章在总结我国人地关系研究进展和存在问题基础上，提出今后研究方向和发展对策。     

VARIATIONS IN DEW-POINT TEMPERATURES IN THE SOUTHERN UNITED STATES

Atmospheric humidity as measured by dew-point temperatures is an important component of the climate of the southern United States. The South experiences the country's highest dew-point temperatures throughout the year. A gradient is established between moist air along the Gulf and Atlantic coasts inland toward the drier areas of northwestern Texas. This gradient is strongest in winter and weakest in summer when consistent southerly circulation maintains humid conditions throughout the region. Interannual variability also is largest in the winter and smallest in summer. Dew-point temperatures are strongly related to air temperatures in the non-summer season, but are more fundamentally linked to air mass and circulation changes. Recent increases in southerly flow in the spring and autumn seasons have led to a significant increase in dew-point temperatures in many portions of the region. However, there is no evidence at this time to suggest that increased evaporation from greenhouse warming has altered dew-point temperatures in the southern United States.     

柴达木盆地盐湖中的风成砂

柴达木盆地盐湖干盐滩上分布有大面积的沙丘、沙垅、沙地,表面被盐壳覆盖,盐湖含盐系中掺杂有大量的风成砂。风成砂形成时代最早为中更新世晚期,晚更新世晚期至全新世为盐湖中风成砂形成的鼎盛时期,也是整个柴达木盆地沙漠化过程的主要时期