Ⅰ型塞佛特星系核的光度和质量

利用50个Ⅰ型Seyfert星系的L(H_β)、H_β谱线的零强度宽(FWZI),以及假设吸积物质流模型,求出它们核的质量、热光度和临界光度(Eddington 光度)。发现这样会构成低红移QSO-Ⅰ型Seyfert-Ⅱ型Seyfert的星系核质量分布的序列(图1),Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型Seyfert星系的热光度与临界光度的比值的直方图,也有一个较大的重叠(图2)。再用讫今有的38个Ⅰ型Seyfert星系的X射线光度资料进行统计分析,得到 L_(x(2-10keV))∝M,L_(x(2-10keV))∝(FWZI)~2,利用球吸积模型对结果进行简单的讨论。     

Ⅰ型Seyfert星系的3000包与其在双色图上的表现

本文从Ⅰ型Seyfert星系在双色图上的行为出发,假定可见光与紫外波段连续谱的主要成分包括幂律非热致辐射、黑体辐射、宽线区Balmer连续谱的复合辐射和高阶Balmer线辐射,计算了这些发射机制的参数,发现结果与从分光光度测量决定的参数符合很好。因此,本文结果对已测定色指数的Ⅰ型Seyfert星系可决定出其热致成分(黑体谱和Balmer连续谱)在全部辐射中占的比重;给出了研究类星体的可见光与紫外波段辐射机制的新方法。     

Seyfert 2型星系中的星暴活动

星暴和活动星系核之间的联系是活动星系研究领域最重要、最活跃的研究课题之一。Seyfert星系由于距离较近、数目较多和相对低的核活动,已成为研究星暴和活动星系核之间联系的理想天体。综述了活动星系核中存在星暴的观测证据和Seyflert2型星系核区星暴活动的最新研究结果,着重讨论了存在两类Seyflert2型星系(一类是被遮挡的Seyfert1型星系,另一类是“真正”的Seyfert2型星系即不存在宽线区的Seyfert2型星系)的可能性．通过比较具有和不具有偏振宽线的Seyflert2型星系在红外、射电、光学和X射线光谱性质的差别,发现具有偏振宽线的Seyfert2型星系在本质上和Seyflert1型星系是同一类天体,差别只在于观测者视线方向的不同;而不具有偏振宽线的Seyfert2型星系是一些星系核活动较弱而星暴活动占主导的天体,这些星系从射电、红外、光学到硬X射线,都具有和星暴星系相似的性质。由于这些星系中核的吸积率将比Seyflert1型星系低近两个量级,因而它们很有可能是一些没有宽发射线区的Seyfert2型星系,即所谓的“真正”Seyflert2型星系。     

存在两类Seyfert 2型星系?(英文)

本文简要介绍了在活动星系核 (Seyfert星系 )统一模型研究领域的研究结果。最近的研究结果表明Seyfert1和 2型星系的差别不仅仅是视线方向上的不同 ,星系的环境、演化、星系核的活动等在活动星系核的统一模型中都起着非常重要的作用。最新的观测和理论研究发现Seyfert 2型星系中宽线区存在和星系核的活动密切相关。在一些核活动较低的Seyfert 2型星系中 ,宽线区很可能不存在 ,即可能存在所谓的“真正”的Seyfert 2型星系。     

活动星系的红外辐射

本文在对活动星系的红外辐射作了一般介绍后,着重介绍了IRAS发射后存活动星系红外辐射研究领域所取得的新进展,包括作为恒星形成和Seyfert活动指示的红外色余和作为Seyfert选择的红外谱指数以及作为类星体前身的超亮红外星系等。     

活动星系核的铁Kα和铁Kβ发射线-Cerenkov线状辐射的进一步证据

最近XMM—Newton观测到了Seyfert 1星系,NGC3783,除存在着6．4keV的铁Kα发射线外,还存在着很强的7．0 keV的铁Kβ发射线,且两者之间的等值宽度(EW) 之比难以由传统的“光电吸收-莹光机制”来解释．利用尤峻汉等人提出的Cerenkov线状发射机制可合理解释EWKα／EWKβ．给出了详细的模型考虑和理论计算,结果表明活动星系核中产生铁K线的机制不只有莹光机制还有Cerenkov线状辐射机制．两者共存于活动星系核(AGNs)中,而且以Cerenkov辐射机制为主．     

Seyfert星系NGC4151紫外光谱中的变化窄线

Ulrich等人报道[Nature,313(1985),p.747],国际紫外探险者(IUE)卫星对邻近的Seyfert星系NGC4151进行观测,在紫外区的CⅣλ1,550A发射线的两旁,各发现一条奇特的窄发射谱线(分别称为L_1和L_2)。从1981年3月26日到1984年6月6日的三年期间,IUE卫星对NGC4151核     

Seyfert星系的环境

本文对CfA样本中的属群星系进行了最近邻间距分析,发现在最近邻距离小于20kpc的星系中存在明显的Seyfert核超(即其中Seyfert星系所占比率高出平均值约3倍)。这表明近距星系的存在可能是产生Seyfert核活动的有利环境。     

活动星系核X射线本征谱指数与爱丁顿比关系的研究进展

活动星系核是中央核区有剧烈活动的(河外)星系总称。随着观测技术不断进步,人们对活动星系核的研究越来越多,对其理解也越来越深刻。总结整理了近年来对活动星系核X射线本征谱指数与爱丁顿比关系的观测结果,揭示出如下V形关系图像:随着爱丁顿比由大变小,X射线本征谱指数与爱丁顿比由存在正相关关系,转变为存在负相关关系。一般认为,这一观测现象反映了随着吸积率的降低,黑洞吸积模式发生了变化,由高吸积率时的标准薄盘吸积变为低吸积率时的辐射无效吸积流。这表明,基于标准薄盘的最基本的活动星系核统一模型虽然能够成功地解释较高光度活动星系核的很多观测现象,但却需要做一定的修正,以解释低光度活动星系核的一些观测性质。同时,将来有希望利用这一相关关系估算活动星系核一些重要参数,如中央超大黑洞质量、吸积率等,从而帮助人们更好地理解活动星系核的辐射机制和演化过程。最后对这一领域的研究进行了总结与展望。     

ROSAT选射电源的性质：Ⅰ.样本

ＲＯＳＡＴ卫星的全天巡天观测到了一大批射电星系和各种活动星核,为我们研究这些活动性剧烈的河外天体的辐射机制、多波段辐射相关性以及各类星系核之间的演化联系提供了重要数据。通过将ＲＯＳＡＴ全天巡天观测与ＰＭＮ射电（５ＧＨｚ）巡天观测进行交叉证认,我们得到了６４２颗天射电源。对这些对应体随后进行的光学证认构建了一个星系和活动星系核的大样本。其中３１１个对应体（占５２％）被过去的光学观测证实为河外天体（包     

A thermodynamic model of high temperature lava vaporization on Io

We modified the MAGMA chemical equilibrium code developed by Fegley and Cameron (1987, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 82, 207-222) and used it to model vaporization of high temperature silicate lavas on Io. The MAGMA code computes chemical equilibria in a melt, between melt and its equilibrium vapor, and in the gas phase. The good agreement of MAGMA code results with experimental data and with other computer codes is demonstrated. The temperature-dependent pressure and composition of vapor in equilibrium with lava is calculated from 1700 to 2400 K for 109 different silicate lavas in the ONaKFeSiMgCaAlTi system. Results for five lavas (tholeiitic basalt, alkali basalt, Barberton komatiite, dunite, and a molten type B1 Ca, Al-rich inclusion) are discussed in detail. The effects of continuous fractional vaporization on chemistry of these lavas and their equilibrium vapor are presented. The predicted abundances (relative to Na) of K, Fe, Si, Al, Ca, and Ti in the vapor equilibrated with lavas at 1900 K are lower than published upper limits for Io's atmosphere (which do not include Mg). We predict evaporative loss of alkalis, Fe, and Si during volcanic eruptions. Sodium is more volatile than K, and the Na/K ratio in the gas is decreased by fractional vaporization. This process can match Io's atmospheric Na/K ratio of 10±3 reported by Brown (2001, Icarus 151, 190-195). Silicon monoxide is an abundant species in the vapor above lavas. Spectroscopic searches are recommended for SiO at IR and mm wavelengths. Reactions of metallic vapors with S- and Cl-bearing volcanic gases may form other unusual gases including MgCl₂, MgS, MgCl, FeCl₂, FeS, FeCl, and SiS.     

Instructions for authors

正Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics publishes original research papers and reviews 011 all liranchcs of astronoiriy and astrophysics.Reviews arc by invitation only.Important new results that require rapid publication can be submitted as a Letter(Letters must be restricted in length     

Instructions for authors

正Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics publishes original research papers and reviews on all branches of astronomy and astrophysics.Reviews are by invitation only.Important new results that require rapid publication can be submitted as a Letter(Letters must be restricted in length to 6 printed pages).Authors who submit a paper are expected to be able to certify that the paper is original work,     

Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics CONTENTS

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Alkali and halogen chemistry in volcanic gases on Io

We use chemical equilibrium calculations to model the speciation of alkalis and halogens in volcanic gases emitted on Io. The calculations cover wide temperature (500-2000 K) and pressure (10⁻⁶ to 10⁺¹ bars) ranges, which overlap the nominal conditions at Pele (T=1760 K, P=0.01 bars). About 230 compounds of 11 elements (O, S, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, F, Cl, Br, I) are considered. The elemental abundances for O, S, Na, K, and Cl are based upon observations. CI chondritic elemental abundances relative to sulfur are used for the other alkalis and halogens (as yet unobserved on Io). We predict the major alkali species in Pele-like volcanic gases and the percentage distribution of each alkali are LiCl (73%), LiF (27%); NaCl (81%), Na (16%), NaF (3%); KCl (91%), K (5%), KF (4%); RbCl (93%), Rb (4%), RbF (3%); CsCl (92%), CsF (6%), Cs (2%). Likewise the major halogen species and the percentage distribution of each halogen are NaF (88%), KF (10%), LiF (2%); NaCl (89%), KCl (11%); NaBr (89%), KBr (10%), Br (1%); NaI (61%), I (30%), KI (9%). We predict the major halogen condensates and their condensation temperatures at P=0.01 bar are NaF (1115 K), LiF (970 K); NaCl (1050 K), KCl (950 K); KBr (750 K), RbBr (730 K), CsBr (645 K); and solid I₂ (200 K). We also model disequilibrium chemistry of the alkalis and halogens in the volcanic plume. Based on this work and our prior modeling for Na, K, and Cl in a volcanic plume, we predict the major loss processes for the alkali halide gases are photolysis and/or condensation onto grains. Their estimated photochemical lifetimes range from a few minutes for alkali iodides to a few hours for alkali fluorides. Condensation is apparently the only loss process for elemental iodine. On the basis of elemental abundances and photochemical lifetimes, we recommend searching for gaseous KCl, NaF, LiF, LiCl, RbF, RbCl, CsF, and CsCl around volcanic vents during eruptions. Based on abundance considerations and observations of brown dwarfs we also recommend a search of Io's extended atmosphere and the Io plasma torus for neutral and ionized Li, Cs, Rb, and F.     

Born–Infeld type phantom model in the ω–ω′ plane

In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of Born–Infeld (B–I) phantom model in the ω–ω′ plane, which is defined by the equation of state parameter for the dark energy and its derivative with respect to N (the logarithm of the scale factor a). We find the scalar field equation of motion in ω–ω′ plane, and show mathematically the property of attractor solutions which correspond to ω _φ ∼−1, Ω _φ =1, which avoid the “Big rip” problem and meets the current observations well.      

A Comparison of Several Image Locating Algorithms in Astronomical Instruments

In astronomical observations at optical wavelengths, a fast image tracking system can be adopted to reduce the effects of the atmospheric seeing and telescopic tracking error, and therefore improve the observing efficiency. Aiming at the need of astronomical observations, totally 5 kinds of algorithms in two categories were selected to make a comparative study on their accuracies and stabilities under different noise conditions by both numerical experiment and laboratory test. The results indicate that the normalized cross-correlation method and barycenter method have not only a higher accuracy but also a better reliability against interferences, they will be applied to the high-resolution spectrograph of the Xinglong 2.16 m telescope and the scienti?c instruments of the SONG (Stellar Observations Network Group) project, respectively.     

Shear and vorticity in a combined Einstein-Cartan-Brans-Dicke inflationary lambda-Universe

A combined BCDE (Brans-Dicke and Einstein-Cartan) theory with lambda-term is developed through Raychaudhuri’s equation, for inflationary scenario. It involves a variable cosmological constant, which decreases with time, jointly with energy density, cosmic pressure, shear, vorticity, and Hubble’s parameter, while the scale factor, total spin and scalar field increase exponentially. The post-inflationary fluid resembles a perfect one, though total spin grows, but the angular speed does not (Astrophys. Space Sci. 312: 275, 2007d).