现代遥感技术在地质找矿中的应用

文章论述了现代遥感技术在地质找矿中的应用,包括遥感岩性识别、矿化蚀变信息提取、地质构造信息提取和植被波谱特征的找矿应用等;总结了遥感地质找矿技术的若干新发展,即多光谱遥感蚀变信息提取技术、高光谱遥感技术、遥感生物地球化学技术,以及它们在地质找矿应用中的新发展;对遥感技术在地质找矿中的应用提出了几点认识及展望.     

生物流化床处理废水的研究进展

生物流化床技术是普通活性污泥法和生物膜法相结合的废水生化处理技术.通过对近年国内外生物流化床技术的研究和应用现状的分析,文中从生物流化床类型、特性入手,对生物流化床技术的应用前景进行展望.     

生物流化床处理废水的研究进展与展望

介绍了好氧生物流化床与厌氧生物流化床的研究和应用进展,对近年来出现的几种新型生物流化床的研究进展作了介绍,并展望了生物流化床技术的发展方向和应用前景.同时提出了生物流化床在试验研究与应用中尚须解决的问题.     

共反射角偏移在礁滩复杂地质体成像中的研究

针对生物礁滩地质体具有高速、侧翼边界陡的特点,提出应用共反射角偏移成像技术(CRAM)进行生物礁滩地质体的成像.模型分析表明,虽然CRAM与Kirchoff偏移均属于射线类偏移技术,但是与Kirchhoff叠前深度偏移技术相比较,考虑了多路径的CRAM具有适应大倾角反射面、高速层下反射界面的成像,振幅保真性好、分辨率高的优势.通过建立速度变化大的礁滩模型,证实速度的强烈变化影响射线追踪和波形的稳定性,适当的速度平滑可以改善CRAM技术对复杂地质体的成像质量,有助于提高礁滩复杂地质体的地震识别.     

湿地溶解性有机质（DOM）源识别方法研究

湿地是位于水陆生态系统之间的重要生态交错带,而溶解性有机质(DOM)是陆地向水生生态系统输送营养物质的重要载体物质。湿地中DOM的来源分为内源和外源。对湿地中DOM的来源进行识别有助于认识湿地中营养物质的生物化学循环特征,从而进一步了解水陆生态系统之间的物质循环。目前,对湿地DOM进行源识别的方法较多。根据各种方法在研究中应用的广泛性和可用性,本文主要介绍了光学法、同位素法、C/N比值法和生物标志法在湿地DOM源识别中的应用。综合分析表明,光学法、同位素法和C/N比值法在湿地DOM源识别研究中的应用较多。近几年,由于生物标志物(特别是木质素)不仅能够对来源进行识别,而且对源的变化很敏感,因此生物标志法在湿地DOM源识别中的应用成为研究的热点。论文在分析各种湿地DOM源识别方法的基础上,指出了目前研究中存在的问题,并提出进一步研究的方向。     

海洋浮游生物原位观测技术研究进展

原位观测技术在生物海洋学过程研究中的应用,从海洋生物多样性、海洋生物的生理生态响应和宏观的生态过程及其变动机制等方向的研究中得到迅速的发展,极大提高了对海洋生物学、生态学以及不同时空尺度生物地球化学过程的认识.包括原位光学检测技术、水下显微摄像与自动化鉴定技术、水下流式细胞技术、分子生物传感器等新型原位观测技术,拓宽了各类型观测平台的研究对象范围.重点阐述生物海洋学原位观测技术的发展现状、应用实例及其在立体海洋观测系统中的应用前景.     

油气盆地内小断层识别及发育机理研究 ——以惠民凹陷江家店地区为例

在传统地震剖面精细解释的基础之上通过方法创新和蚂蚁体技术应用,总结出了江家店地区小断层的识别特征以及小断层的发育规律.通过江家店地区构造平衡剖面恢复工作,对小断层形成控制因素以及形成时期有了新的认识.通过构造物理模拟实验对江家店小断层的形成机理进行了进一步的验证.在江家店油田小断层的识别过程中,运用上述方法识别出了许多常规地震解释难以识别的小断层,并取得较好的应用效果.     

塔里木盆地塔河油田奥陶系数字岩心图像中生物扰动的定量表征

生物扰动对塔里木盆地塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩"基质储集体"储集性能的改造效应具有重要影响。以塔河油田奥陶系岩心为研究对象,利用AdobePhotoshopCS6软件提供的生物扰动数字图像分析软件包,对岩心数字图像中生物扰动区域进行了识别和定量表征。结果表明:(1)在生物扰动数字图像分析软件包提供的方法中,"相似像素选择法"和"魔棒法"是对生物扰动识别与定量表征最为有效的方法,但二者适用范围不同;(2)"相似像素选择法"适用于生物扰动程度较大,单个形体相对较小且离散度相对较高的情况:当生物扰动充填物和围岩基质边界对比度较大时,应用"选取相似"操作效果最好;而当生物扰动充填物和围岩基质边界对比度较小时,应用"色彩范围"操作识别效果最好;这2种操作都仅能执行1次;(3)"魔棒法"对于识别生物扰动区域形体大而分布连续,且充填物颜色不同的情况具有独到优势;该方法可以通过多次重复操作以及调整"容差"来提高生物扰动区域与围岩基质的识别度。该研究对从生物成因角度解释碳酸盐岩"基质储集体"的非均质性与分布规律、实现增强储集性能生物扰动属性表征、丰富海相碳酸盐岩储集层地质学理论、指导该类油气藏远景勘探和储量计算以及选择合理的开发方案等具有重要意义。     

微生物调剖机理及应用

岩芯试验和矿场应用发现,微生物可以在多孔介质中生长、运移和繁殖,代谢产生生物聚合物,并进一步形成生物膜.生物聚合物在地层中可以通过条件的改变而形成凝胶;生物膜由于其致密性也可以对高渗透层产生选择性的封堵,调整吸水剖面,提高原油采收率.对生物矿化作用的进一步研究有助于微生物调剖机理的完善和应用.微生物调剖技术以其设备简单、施工简便、经济环保而在提高油田采收率方面得到广泛的应用.     

地层切片技术在复杂勘探区储层预测与地质体识别中的应用

研究并讨论地层切片技术在复杂断陷盆地岩相识别中的应用及对策,以准确反映盆地中沉积体系的展布,精细刻画振幅型和结构异常型沉积体系.应用地层切片技术,结合三维精细解释结果及三维可视化方法,在海拉尔盆地贝西次凹霍1井区识别了下白垩统大磨拐河组河道的展布并刻画了下白垩统南屯组扇体发育的特征.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with