笼式水泥砂浆取样器

我队在叶县盐田施工的2口探采结合井，分别在井深785—1227.51m和1460.80—1879.72m遇到一套膏泥盐岩层。盐层顶板以上有粘土层，砾石层，砂岩层、砂泥岩互层。盐层中夹有泥岩和膏岩层，盐层单层厚度可达30m。上部不含盐膏地层，采用KHm泥浆护壁，主要防塌。下部含盐膏岩地层，采用饱和盐水泥浆护壁。     

老挝万象地区含盐系地层

老挝万象地区的含盐地层称为塔贡组(E1tg)。该组可划分为三个岩性段,每个岩性段均由下部膏盐层、上部陆源碎屑岩组成,均属湖泊沉积。该套地层的介形虫属Sinocypris—Cypris(Cristocypris)—Parailyocypris组合、轮藻属Peckichara—Obtusochara组合,属古新统。岩石地层、生物地层及年代地层上,该组与我国滇西地区的勐野井组(Em)较为相似。     

渤海湾盆地东濮凹陷膏盐岩与油气的关系

从东濮凹陷蒸发岩系的地质特征出发,系统分析了膏盐岩对油气成藏诸要素的影响及其对油气分布的控制作用。研究结果表明,东濮凹陷烃源岩与膏盐岩共生,膏盐岩-砂泥岩过渡带烃源岩有机质丰度最高;膏盐岩发育区烃源岩有机质类型以Ⅱ₁型和Ⅰ型为主;膏盐岩的高热导作用使盐上烃源岩生烃门限深度降低和盐下烃源岩过成熟门限深度增加,有效地扩大了生烃窗范围。膏盐层下部砂岩储层孔隙度相对正常压实地层而言整体偏大,且具有随深度增加表现为先增加后减小,孔隙度最大值出现在膏盐层下部一定距离内。膏盐层不仅对油气具有很强的封堵能力,而且易于形成盐下、盐间、盐上及盐岩边缘等多种圈闭类型。膏盐层厚值区形成的异常压力明显大于膏盐层边缘区,油气更易于在膏盐层的遮挡下向膏盐层边缘区运移。综合分析认为,东濮凹陷膏盐层边缘区不仅具有良好的供烃和圈闭条件,而且具备油气充注的通道和动力条件,是最有利的油气聚集区。     

渤海湾盆地东濮凹陷膏盐岩与油气的关系

从东濮凹陷蒸发岩系的地质特征出发,系统分析了膏盐岩对油气成藏诸要素的影响及其对油气分布的控制作用。研究结果表明,东濮凹陷烃源岩与膏盐岩共生,膏盐岩—砂泥岩过渡带烃源岩有机质丰度最高;膏盐岩发育区烃源岩有机质类型以Ⅱ1型和Ⅰ型为主;膏盐岩的高热导作用使盐上烃源岩生烃门限深度降低和盐下烃源岩过成熟门限深度增加,有效地扩大了生烃窗范围。膏盐层下部砂岩储层孔隙度相对正常压实地层而言整体偏大,且具有随深度增加表现为先增加后减小,孔隙度最大值出现在膏盐层下部一定距离内。膏盐层不仅对油气具有很强的封堵能力,而且易于形成盐下、盐间、盐上及盐岩边缘等多种圈闭类型。膏盐层厚值区形成的异常压力明显大于膏盐层边缘区,油气更易于在膏盐层的遮挡下向膏盐层边缘区运移。综合分析认为,东濮凹陷膏盐层边缘区不仅具有良好的供烃和圈闭条件,而且具备油气充注的通道和动力条件,是最有利的油气聚集区。     

基于构造变形约束的川东寒武系膏盐层分布

四川盆地东部广泛沉积一套寒武纪潟湖相的云质膏盐层,盐下的地层及其构造是四川盆地新的油气勘探突破点。该地区高陡构造变形非常复杂,而且钻到该套膏盐层的钻井少,其构造变形特征和分布范围不清,难以落实构造圈闭和优质储集层的分布。通过地震地质综合研究,基于盐构造的构造变形特征和膏盐层的地震响应特征,开展了四川盆地东部寒武系膏盐层的构造变形及分布范围研究。该套膏盐层作为底部滑脱层引发川东形成薄皮构造,发育隔档式褶皱。隔挡式构造模式与寒武系膏盐层的盐构造变形为正相关关系,寒武系膏盐层是该地区构造格局的主控因素,亦是隔档式构造形成的必要条件。利用膏盐岩的岩石力学性质和对构造的控制作用,结合地震反射特征,预测了寒武系膏盐盆在平面上的展布:其西边界沿华蓥山构造边界延伸,向北沿水口厂构造展布直到大巴山前,往南沿川南低陡构造带西边界向南西展布。寒武纪膏盐盆的沉积中心在方斗山沿北东—南西向一线。     

四川康定金汤—带早二叠世铜陵沟组的建立

四川康定金汤一带的早二叠世地层，通过地层清理发现，前人所测康定金汤石喇嘛剖面和野牛沟剖面的顶、底完整，层序及接触关系清楚，有较丰富的生物化石，岩性特征明显，且有别于金川小区的“东大河组”、“三道桥组”、具备建立岩石地层单位条件。故在本区新建立铜陵沟组。本文对该组层型剖面进行了描述。     

石油钻井工程中岩层蠕变速率及蠕变参数分析

石油勘探开发工程中,盐膏岩层及含膏泥岩由于具有较低的渗透特性,往往是大型油气藏的封闭层。由于盐层具有较大的流变特性,盐层钻井技术成为钻井工程中的重大技术难题。通过对某一勘探井盐岩层及含膏泥岩井眼不同时间间隔下的井眼测试,获得了井眼地层盐岩及软泥岩等岩层的蠕变速率。采用幂指数流变本构模型对盐岩及软泥岩的蠕变速率进行了分析,通过反演获得了该地质区块盐岩及软泥岩的蠕变参数。该参数能进一步用于对盐岩钻井过程中钻井液密度的优化分析中。     

四川康定金汤—带早二叠世铜陵沟组的建立

四川康定金汤一带的早二叠世地层，通过地层清理发现，前人所测康定金汤石喇嘛剖面和野牛沟剖面的顶、底完整，层序及接触关系清楚，有较丰富的生物化石，岩性特征明显，且有别于金川小区的“东大河组”、“三道桥组”，具备建立岩石地层单位条件。故在本区新建立铜陵沟组。本文对该组层型剖面进行了描述。     

从中下三叠统膏盐特征看中下扬子早印支运动

中下扬子早-中三叠世膏盐层是对早印支运动的沉积响应,本文从膏盐的成因、中下扬子膏盐层位的差异、沉积环境的变迁、膏盐的厚度变化和产状特征、沉积中心和沉降中心的分布等方面,分析早印支运动的表现形式。中下扬子早-中三叠世依次出现陆棚台地(碳酸盐岩)、潟湖—潮坪(白云岩与膏盐)和滨海(碎屑岩),这种大规模海退,正是早印支运动表现为构造抬升的结果。抬升过程中,残留海水在炎热干燥的气候条件下蒸发形成膏盐层,而中扬子的膏盐层位比下扬子低,据此推测中扬子先于下扬子与华北板块碰撞而抬升。平面上,现今构造格局(主要由中印支—早燕山运动形成复向斜、复背斜和推覆构造)的坳陷区主要为白云岩与(硬)石膏互层或石膏夹少量白云岩或云质石膏,膏盐层厚度大,现今构造的隆坳过渡区主要为石膏假晶、含膏云岩、石膏质白云岩、白云岩夹石膏等,膏盐层厚度小,而膏盐的厚度和产状与沉积时的水深和地势直接相关;另外,地层等厚图显示膏盐层主要分布于当时的沉降中心。这些沉积特征显示膏盐沉积时的地势与现今隆坳相间的构造地貌存在一定程度的吻合,说明膏盐沉积时的地层已经发生了轻微的褶皱变形(未见角度不整合和地层缺失)。     

库车坳陷中段盐相关构造形成控制因素

库车坳陷中段盐层广泛分布,可细分为盐岩层、膏泥岩层、膏盐层等不同沉积端元。在沉积载荷、浮力及区域构造挤压应力作用下,盐层发生塑性流动,盐上构造层、盐下构造层也发生变形,形成了盐下构造层、盐层、盐上构造层三位一体的复合盐相关构造样式。本文从构造变形差异分析入手,结合盐层沉积特征、基底古地貌特征、盐上构造层沉积差异,运用生长地层和不整合分析方法认为库车坳陷中段盐相关构造样式的形成主要受控于盐层性质、基底特征、构造应力和沉积差异负载。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with