面状要素主骨架线自动提取算法研究

基于对Delaunay三角网和对其算法的改进,实现了面状要素主骨架线自动提取。改进了Delaunay三角网生成算法,使其能适用于较为复杂的面状要素的三角网的建立;提出了面状要素三角网边界区域存在的大量的小三角形的定义和处理小三角形的有效算法;以三角形为最小单位作为树节点,有效地建立了基于三角网的二叉树结构。实验验证了对目标主骨架线提取的有效性。     

顾及分支三角网形状因子的面状目标主骨架线提取

针对传统主骨架线提取算法考虑因素单一、计算复杂、运算耗时等不足,综合三角网中目标的走向、分布及位置等面状目标因素定义了分支三角形形状因子,提出顾及多因素的分支三角形形状因子的主骨架线提取算法。文中阐述了该算法的基本思想、关键量论,采用编程语言进行算法的实现,并结合实验结果分析算法的特点及优势。     

小比例尺地图面状水系名称注记自动配置研究

在丰富面状水系的注记配置规则基础上,深入研究了其名称注记自动配置中两个关键算法,即要素主骨架线求取和注记配置方案的设计,并提出了基于单调链化简思想确定面状水系主骨架线的改进算法,在此基础上设计了面状水系名称注记自动配置方案。     

地形图要素辅助下的影像面状地物提取

针对遥感影像与地形图变化检测中影像面状地物的提取问题,该文提出了一种地形图要素辅助下的影像面状地物提取方法。该方法首先利用配准后落在影像面状地物内的地形图面状要素中心进行区域生长,然后以人工选取的各类地物的初始样本和上述区域生长出影像上的各类地物作为训练样区进行监督分类,最终实现影像面状地物提取。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效地提取影像面状地物,并且自动化程度较高。     

栅格数据中面状地物的骨架线提取方法

为了快速有效地提取栅格数据中面状地物的骨架线,在详细分析地物骨架线特征的基础上,采用形态学去除栅格数据中的噪声,再通过距离变换确定中心位置,进而利用图像分割方法沿中心位置分割图像,提取分块之间的交线形成骨架线。实验表明该方法适应性强、处理速度快,且提取的地物骨架线平滑又连通,与地物的拓扑结构和几何形态基本一致,可以满足实际应用的需要。     

基于Douglas-Peucker的面状矢量数据压缩算法

Douglas-Peucker算法通常用于线状矢量数据压缩,但是该算法未考虑空间对象之间的拓扑关系。矢量数据中面状地物由多条线闭合组成,使用该算法进行面状数据压缩时容易造成公共边出现"裂缝"或者自相交等状况,使得压缩后数据失真。针对该问题,本文提出一种考虑空间对象拓扑关系的面状矢量数据Douglas-Peucker压缩算法,即先对多边形进行分段处理,提取出公共边和非公共边,结合边的拓扑关系,再利用Douglas-Peucker算法进行数据压缩。实验表明,该方法能较好地保留面状数据的图形特征,保留了拓扑关系,解决了公共边压缩后出现的问题。     

全连接条件随机场高分辨率遥感影像面状地物交互提取

提出一种基于全连接条件随机场高分辨率遥感影像面状地物交互式提取方法。通过人工交互标记估计前景模型,结合光谱与纹理特征,在利用简单线性迭代聚类算法对输入影像进行过分割的基础上,通过基于区域的最大相似融合对前景区域进行扩充,建立全连接条件随机场描述影像的全局信息。以均值场估计为基础,利用高维高斯滤波方法实现模型推断,进而获取面状地物轮廓。通过对高分遥感影像上水域、林地、梯田等面状地物的实验提取,证明了该方法的有效性。     

一种基于带通滤波的机场跑道提取方法

作为重要战略目标的机场跑道是一种重要的遥感图像提取目标。高分辨率遥感图像中机场跑道等地物人工标志线清晰可辨,可作为一种重要的地物提取标志。在建立机场跑道模型的基础上,提出了一种基于带通滤波的提取机场跑道人工标志线的算法,并建立了机场主跑道提取的技术流程。该流程包括非植被区提取、数学形态学处理、带通滤波、Douglas-Peucker平滑算法以及平行线对模型的建立等。利用该算法对6处机场进行了试验,结果表明该算法提取准确可靠。     

面状建筑物多层次骨架线提取方法

由于缺乏对凸部与建筑主体之间的层次关系描述,单个建筑物化简大多采用整体直角化方式进行,缺乏渐进式表达方法,难以实现对建筑物的多尺度、多层次逐步化简控制。针对该问题,提出了一种用于建筑物多层次表达的多层次骨架线构建方法。该方法首先通过构建Delaunay三角网提取建筑物内骨架线段,然后根据骨架线所关联的三角形面积识别得到主骨架线和次级骨架线之间的层级关系;最后对骨架线进行拉直处理。实验表明,该方法能够有效提取建筑物的多层次骨架线,较好地兼顾了建筑物的整体走向与局部形态特征,可为面状建筑物多尺度化简与表达提供支撑。     

多边形骨架线与形心自动搜寻算法研究

针对GIS中的应用，分析了传统的多边形骨架线与形心提取算法的不足之处，提出了一种基于约束Delaunay三角网结构的多边形主骨架线与形心的自动搜索算法，详细描述了该方法的基本思想，并在实验结果基础上分析了该算法的特点。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

使用FME与VBA提取机场方格网高程数据

因受机场工程设计软件的测量数据容量限制,基于LiDAR采集、点云分类后得到的地面点云数据LAS不能完整应用于目前设计软件进行设计计算。本文通过对拟选技术方案的筛选,提出了利用FME Workbench数据处理功能,结合VBA编程获取外部方格网平面数据的方法。该方法在FME Workbench中实现了地面点云数据构建TIN、采用逐点内插方法从TIN中提取方格网高程数据、等高线生成及相应图形处理与成果输出。最终通过实际算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

自动车辆定位导航系统中传感器的误差分析

对国界定位导航系统中几种常见的辅助传感器所产生的误差进行了分析，导出了不同传感器的误差模型。这些误差模型是估计车辆位置的扩展卡尔曼滤波器的基础，同时也为选择适当的传感器提供了理论根据。     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.