川中磨溪—高石梯地区栖霞组白云岩特征及成因机制

川中磨溪—高石梯地区栖霞组发育滩相白云岩,目前对滩相中差异白云石化机理不明确,导致难以预测优质白云岩储层的分布。在岩石学和地层特征研究基础上,通过分析不同类型白云岩的微量元素及碳、氧、锶同位素特征,结合颗粒滩类型和构造背景,系统研究了该区不同类型白云岩的成因机理及模式。结果显示:研究区栖霞组白云岩中白云石以细晶为主,中晶和粗晶次之,晶形多为半自形—自形。白云岩具有明显的残余颗粒结构,表明原始岩性为颗粒灰岩。细晶、细—中晶白云岩的阴极发光整体较暗,呈暗红色至红色,稀土元素配分模式与同期灰岩相似,白云岩的87Sr/86Sr比值大部分落于二叠纪海水的87Sr/86Sr比值范围之内,表明白云岩的成岩流体与海水沉积的灰岩具有同源性。白云岩的δ13C值（3.73‰~4.19‰）与同期灰岩δ13C值（3.61‰~4.93‰）相近,表明白云岩与灰岩具有一致的碳源。从灰岩到白云岩,Sr含量明显减少且Mn含量有所增加,说明灰岩经过一定的成岩作用被交代形成白云岩,该类白云岩为埋藏条件下地层中富Mg2+的流体交代孔隙型颗粒灰岩而成;中—粗晶白云岩的阴极发光呈红色,具明显环带特征,且具有高的Mn含量、低Sr/Ba比值及铕的正异常,87Sr/86Sr比值高于同期海水值,δ18O值在-8.06‰~-8.52‰,为颗粒灰岩在埋藏期受持续、充足的云化流体供给而成,较高的包裹体均一温度和δ18O值明显偏负均指示埋藏白云化作用过程还受到局部高温的影响。总体而言,埋藏白云岩化是该区白云岩的主要成因,地层中富镁的流体在压力和热对流的双重影响下进行迁移,促进白云岩化流体的运移,但局部地区鞍形白云石的形成遭受了后期不同程度的热液改造作用。     

南羌塘坳陷古油藏带布曲组白云岩储层特征及控制因素分析

羌塘盆地布曲组白云岩储层是整体致密背景下的"甜点"储层,深入研究其发育的控制因素,是进行有利区预测的基础。通过野外地质剖面观察、岩心观察、铸体薄片鉴定,结合实测分析,对白云岩储集空间进行分类,并分析其发育的控制因素。结果表明,南羌塘坳陷古油藏带布曲组白云岩储层发育在碳酸盐岩台地的台内滩中,高位体系域晚期的滩间洼地局限水体提供白云化流体。储层中发育晶内溶孔、晶间孔、晶间溶孔、溶蚀孔洞,物性较好。储层质量受沉积作用、成岩作用及构造作用共同控制。台内滩发育的颗粒灰岩能够保存更多的连通孔隙,为后期流体改造提供运移通道,滩后局限水体提供白云石化流体。浅埋藏阶段白云石化是储集空间发育的最有利因素。燕山运动Ⅱ幕的构造挤压形成热点,提供形成孔隙充填鞍形白云石的热流体,同时该流体能够溶蚀围岩。古油藏破坏过程中的酸性流体和大气淡水对储层进行溶蚀改造,对储层具有关键性改造意义的是浅埋藏阶段的白云石化和第一次生烃前的有机酸溶蚀。     

鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系颗粒滩白云岩储层特征及主控因素

基于岩心观察、薄片鉴定、物性分析和地球化学分析,结合岩相古地理研究,认为鄂尔多斯盆地中东部奥陶系盐下发育三套颗粒滩白云岩储层,分别为下奥陶统马家沟组马二段、马四段和马五_(7+9)亚段。马二段颗粒滩环台内洼地分布,马四段和马五_(7+9)亚段颗粒滩环台内洼地以及滩间次级洼地两侧的相对隆起带分布。白云岩储集空间类型主要为粒间孔、晶间(溶)孔、溶蚀孔洞和裂缝。三维CT分析表明,白云岩储层具有优良的储渗性能。颗粒滩白云岩主要为浅埋藏蒸发海水渗透回流交代成因。白云岩储层的发育主要受控于三个因素:层序格架控制的颗粒滩分布,表生岩溶作用,构造裂缝系统。     

川东大竹—开江地区下三叠统飞仙关组二段储层白云石化成因与孔隙演化——来自岩石结构、原位主微量元素以及锶同位素的证据

近年在四川盆地开江-梁平海槽周缘下三叠统飞仙关组的勘探开发中,已发现普光、七里北、龙门等气田,获探明储量6316×10⁸ m³,展现出较大勘探潜力,其中储集层段主要为鲕滩相白云岩储层。为探讨该区域白云石化作用及其对储层发育的控制,本文以薄片观察及连井剖面对比等手段为基础,结合阴极发光、微区原位主微量元素、锶同位素及流体包裹体分析,对研究区白云石的类型、分布、形成机制及白云岩储层的孔隙演化进行了讨论。川东大竹—开江地区飞仙关组二段岩石类型主要有泥晶灰岩、颗粒灰岩及白云岩;白云岩主要包括残余颗粒白云岩和晶粒白云岩,过渡岩类如云质颗粒灰岩同样较为常见,而颗粒灰岩和白云岩的发育及分布主要受沉积相带控制。在飞一段沉积晚期—飞二段沉积早期,研究区西南部沙坪场构造一带为开阔台地沉积,鲕粒滩呈点状分布且白云石化程度相对较弱;随着飞二段沉积中晚期鲕粒滩向海槽方向的进积作用,形成滩后或滩间的局限环境,双家坝-龙门构造一带鲕粒滩白云石化作用增强,形成了分布范围广、厚度大的白云岩发育区。区内白云石在阴极射线下为暗红光—不发光,为同生—准同生期高盐度卤水渗透回流交代下...     

塔里木盆地中央隆起区寒武-奥陶系白云岩结构特征及成因探讨

白云岩研究的关键在于对白云石化作用的理解,而岩石结构作为白云石化作用分析的基础,不仅对白云岩的成因具有指示意义还深刻地影响着白云岩储层的质量。通过岩芯、薄片、扫描电镜、阴极发光以及碳、氧、锶同位素等测试手段,结合国际上常用的分类术语,对塔里木盆地中央隆起区寒武-奥陶系白云岩按结构进行了分类,并探讨了不同结构类型与其成因之间的关系。研究表明,白云岩结构与其形成环境和形成过程密切相关,其中保留原始结构的白云岩（包括泥-粉晶白云岩和颗粒白云岩）属于同生或准同生阶段、与蒸发海水有关的拟晶白云石化作用的产物,大量过饱和白云石化流体的通过有利于原始结构的保存;晶粒白云岩中,具有平直晶面结构的细晶、自形白云岩和细晶、半自形白云岩与浅埋藏成岩阶段的低温白云石化作用有关,云化流体以轻微蒸发的海源流体为主,浅埋藏晚期的过度白云石化作用导致晶体由平面-自形向平面-半自形转化;中-粗晶、他形白云岩是中或深埋藏成岩阶段的高温/热液白云石化或重结晶作用的结果,较高的形成温度导致晶体发生曲面化。     

川东北元坝气田长兴组白云岩成因研究

上二叠统长兴组礁滩相白云岩是川东北元坝气田的主要储层。长兴组白云岩主要分布在长二段顶部礁盖、礁间滩、礁后滩等沉积相。通过层序地层学、岩石学、地球化学等方法对白云岩成因进行了研究,结果表明:不同类型的白云岩具有相似的87Sr/86Sr值(集中分布在0.7071~0.7075之间),并与晚二叠世海水及泥晶灰岩87Sr/86Sr值相似,指示白云岩化流体主要来自于同期海水;利用低温条件下白云石-水之间氧同位素温度分馏方程恢复的白云岩化流体温度在40~55℃之间,表明白云岩化作用发生于低温浅埋藏环境中。在浅埋藏白云岩化过程中,受沉积地貌和海平面升降的影响,不同沉积相带发生白云岩化作用时流体的性质有所不同:(1)礁盖残余生屑/砂屑中-粗晶白云岩具有明显偏负的δ18O值以及较高的Fe、Mn含量和白云石晶体缓慢结晶的特征,受大气淡水作用明显,属于混合水白云岩化;(2)礁间滩粉晶白云岩具有明显偏正的δ18O值,高Fe、Mn、Sr含量和较低的有序度值,白云岩化流体来源复杂,但整体与蒸发性卤水有关;(3)礁后滩细-中晶白云岩具有非常低的Fe、Mn和高MgCO3含量,白云石具有快速结晶的特点,为正常海水条件下的白云岩化。     

鄂尔多斯盆地马家沟组白云岩成因及其储集性能

对鄂尔多斯盆地下奥陶统马家沟组野外剖面、钻井岩心和铸体薄片的观察以及地球化学分析及岩石物性测试,马家沟组白云岩可分为泥微晶白云岩、晶粒白云岩和溶蚀残余白云岩三大类。泥微晶白云岩常有石膏伴生,Sr含量较高,其稀土配分模式及δ13C分布区间等特征与本区的泥微晶灰岩相似,包裹体均一温度接近地表温度,为近地表与海水相关流体准同生白云石化。晶粒白云岩的伴生矿物少,Sr含量低,其稀土配分模式及δ13C分布区间与本区的泥微晶灰岩相近,包裹体均一温度较高,为与海水相关流体埋藏白云石化。溶蚀残余白云岩为前两类白云岩受后期大气淡水改造而成。晶间孔、晶间溶孔、溶孔为马家沟组白云岩的主要储集空间。泥微晶白云岩的孔隙度、渗透率均较低,难构成储层;晶粒白云岩的孔隙度和渗透率较高,可成为良好储层;而溶蚀残余白云岩具高孔高渗特征,为优质储集岩类。盆地中东部、东南部、南部及天环地区是白云岩型储层勘探的重点区域。     

川中地区中二叠统栖霞组滩控岩溶型白云岩储层特征及主控因素

四川盆地中部地区栖霞组的白云岩是该区主要储层,储层成因的主流观点是热液白云岩化。目前勘探实践发现,优质储渗体形成与早期相控岩溶作用有关。通过取芯及测录井资料进行了详细分析,研究结果表明,该类白云岩储层主要位于栖霞组中上部颗粒滩发育的地层中,按其宏微观产出状态可分为溶斑状云岩、溶洞充填云岩、针孔状基质云岩和致密基质云岩。储集岩物性以溶洞充填云岩最佳,储层类型属裂缝—孔洞型储层。进一步分析显示:研究区栖霞组滩相地层沉积后随即经历了一定时间的整体抬升暴露,期间接受早成岩期岩溶作用,形成了具相控特征的岩溶系统,早期淡水岩溶作用是优质孔洞型储层形成的关键。在中二叠沉积期后不久的东吴运动高峰期,热液流体上涌将岩溶系统及其部分围岩交代为白云岩。由于岩溶系统内部保留了较多的残余自由空间,经热液白云岩化调整后形成的白云石更为自形,且保存了较多的晶间孔隙。而相比之下,岩溶系统基岩已在早期埋藏中趋于致密,云化后形成的云岩物性较差。仅有部分颗粒岩仍然保留了一定的原始孔隙,云化后针孔较为发育。栖霞组白云岩储层具有相控性,规模性和继承性三大发育特点。提出优质储层分布受控于岩溶系统,为区内栖霞组白云岩储层成因提供了新的思路,对该区储层分布预测及进一步的勘探部署也具一定指导意义。     

塔里木盆地玉北地区蓬莱坝组白云岩类型及成因

塔里木盆地玉北地区蓬莱坝组发育粉-细晶自形白云岩、中晶自形-半自形白云岩、粗晶自形-他形白云岩三种白云岩类型。粉-细晶白云岩具纹层状构造,稀土元素配分模式、总稀土含量与同期灰岩相似,氧同位素组成与同期海水成因的白云岩相近,表明白云岩化流体为同期海水,较高的盐度指数指示了相对浓缩的海水条件,较低的有序度值反应出快速的白云岩化过程,为准同生白云岩化的产物,白云石晶间均匀充填富Fe、富Si及高~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值的陆源物质,表明玉北地区在蓬莱坝组粉-细晶白云岩沉积期由于相对海平面较低从而受到陆源物质混入的影响。中晶白云岩和粗晶白云岩的稀土元素配分模式、总稀土含量、~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值等与同期海水特征相似,表明白云岩化流体为海水,可见残余颗粒结构,成岩温度较低,埋藏较浅,为埋藏的海水以及沿原始颗粒灰岩的粒间孔及可能存在的裂缝等通道向下运移的海水提供的Mg~(2+)导致的白云岩化,后期重结晶作用破坏了粗晶白云岩中的残余颗粒结构并导致其Fe、Mn含量及成岩温度、有序度值高于中晶白云岩,Sr含量及δ~(18)O值低于中晶白云岩。部分中-粗晶白云石边缘可见加大边,表明后期存在少量他源流体导致的次生加大作用。     

塔里木盆地古城地区奥陶系鹰山组白云岩特征及孔隙成因

奥陶系鹰山组白云岩是塔里木盆地的重点勘探领域,优质白云岩储层是制约其勘探的关键难题。本文在前人研究基础之上,结合多口井岩心薄片观察、同位素、微量元素等地球化学分析,对古城地区奥陶系鹰山组白云岩成因、孔隙成因以及储层主控因素进行了深入研究,认为古城地区鹰山组发育粉晶、粉细晶、细晶、细中晶、中晶、粗晶6种白云岩。粉晶和粉细晶白云岩碳、锶同位素分布范围均与同时期灰岩一致;氧同位素值与同时期白云石一致或偏正;锶元素含量相对较高;稀土元素与同时期灰岩分配模式相同。以上特征表明该类白云岩形成于蒸发海水环境,为准同生海源成因。细晶、细中晶、中晶及粗晶白云岩碳同位素值与同期灰岩总体一致;氧同位素值与正常海相白云石一致或偏负;锶同位素值与灰岩背景值一致或偏高;锶元素含量相对较低;大部分样品Eu正异常。以上特征揭示该类白云岩主要为中浅埋藏成因,并且叠加了早期淡水溶蚀及晚期埋藏-热液改造。孔隙成因分析表明高能缓坡滩是孔隙形成的物质基础、准同生暴露溶蚀是孔隙形成的关键、早期白云石化有利于孔隙的继承和保存,构造破裂和埋藏-热液溶蚀对孔隙起到有利的改造作用。白云岩规模优质储层受控于云化滩和断裂热液溶蚀改造,二者叠合之处为规模优质储层发育区。这一认识为研究区下一步勘探部署提供了重要依据。     

蜀南地区嘉陵江组颗粒滩储层发育机理

颗粒滩储层是嘉陵江组一种重要的储层类型,具有良好的天然气勘探开发潜力。通过岩芯观察、薄片鉴定、阴极发光、扫描电镜和物性分析等方法,对蜀南地区嘉陵江组颗粒滩储层岩石学特征、储集空间类型、孔渗特征和成岩作用类型展开了系统的研究,在研究基础之上进一步分析了嘉陵江组颗粒滩储层形成的主控因素。结果表明,嘉陵江组颗粒滩储层主要的岩石类型为颗粒灰岩、颗粒白云岩和残余颗粒结构粉晶白云岩,主要的储集空间类型为粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔、晶间孔和晶间溶孔。颗粒滩是储层发育的物质基础,其发育受到了层序和沉积古地貌的控制,垂向上主要发育在高位体系域的中下部,平面上主要分布在泸州水下古隆起之上。成岩作用是颗粒滩能否进一步演化为储层的关键,颗粒滩储层主要的破坏性成岩作用有压实、压溶和胶结作用,主要的建设性成岩作用有溶蚀和白云岩化作用,构造运动产生的裂缝则进一步提高了储层的储集性能。     

Genetic implications of the trace element distribution pattern in the upper knox carbonate rocks,copper ridge district,East Tennessee

The Lower Ordovician, Upper Knox Group rocks (the Kingsport and Mascot formations) in the Copper Ridge district consist predominantly of fine-grained dolostones, medium and coarser grained dolostones, and limestones. Dolomite crystals of medium and coarser grained dolostones show up to eight cathodoluminescent zones of variable width and intensity. Electron microprobe analyses indicate that the zoning is related to variation in Fe/Mn ratios, the brighter luminescent zones corresponding to lower ratios. Superposed on this growth zoning is a compositional zoning characterized by a general increase in Fe from core to rim of individual dolomite crystals.Field and petrographic studies (Churnet, 1979; Churnet et al., 1981) indicate that the fine-grained dolostones formed in supratidal to upper intratidal environments, whereas the precursor lime muds of the limestones as well as of the medium and coarser grained dolostones formed in shallow subtidal to lower intertidal environments. The large areal extent of the dolostones must have required a regionally abundant source of Mg such as marine water. Yet, both limestones and dolostones have low Na and Sr contents suggestive of their formation in solutions more dilute than normal marine water. It is proposed that the fine-grained dolostones formed by aggradation of initially very fine-grained dolostones in presence of fresh water, and that the limestones stabilized and the medium and coarser grained dolostones formed in environments of mixed marine and fresh waters. Considered in the light of ordering of partition coefficients, such a mixing model can account for the observed correlation pattern of trace elements (especially, SMn and SrFe) as well as the Fe distribution in the zoned dolomite crystals. Variation of the partition coefficient of Mn due to fluctuations in the relative proportions of fresh and marine waters in the diagenetic solution may explain the different Fe/Mn ratios observed in the growth zones (luminescence bands) of zoned dolomite crystals.     

The Major Controlling Factors and Different Oolitic Shoal Reservoir Characteristics of the Triassic Feixianguan Formation,Eastern Longgang Area,NE Sichuan Basin,SW China

Based on comprehensive analyses of occurrence, petrological observation, pore structure and geochemistry, the different reservoir characteristics and reservoir evolutionary pathways between different oolitic shoal reservoir types of the Feixianguan Formation on the west side of the Kaijiang-Liangping Trough have been studied. There exist three stages of high-energy slope break belts in the Feixianguan period, the corresponding three stages of oolitic shoals gradually migrating in the direction of the trough. Three types of oolitic shoal reservoirs, namely, residual-oolitic dolomite, mold-oolitic dolomite and sparry oolitic limestone, were formed during sedimentary-diagenetic evolution, the pore types being intergranular dissolved pore, mold pore (or intragranular dissolved pore) and residual intergranular pore, respectively. The petrology, physical properties and pore structure of the different types of oolitic shoal reservoirs are quite different. Residual-oolitic dolomite reservoirs have the best quality, while sparry oolitic limestone reservoirs have the poorest. Combined with analyses of trace elements, rare earth elements and carbon-oxygen isotopes, it is suggested that the formation of residual-oolitic dolomite reservoirs is jointly controlled by penesaline seawater seepage-reflux dolomitization and hydrothermal dolomitization. Mold-pore oolitic dolomite reservoirs are controlled by penesaline seawater seepage-reflux dolomitization and meteoric water solution. The burial dissolution of organic acid not only further improves the reservoir qualities of previously formed oolitic dolomite reservoirs, but also preserves residual intergranular pores in the sparry oolitic limestone reservoirs.     

构造和古地理控制下的碳酸盐岩储集体旋回和集群性探讨:以四川盆地为例

四川盆地海相碳酸盐岩油气勘探突破不断,多个大气田群已初具雏形,并呈现出储集体集群分布的特点,而储集体集群结构及时空分布尚待探讨.在前人研究基础上,结合对四川盆地海相碳酸盐岩沉积储层等综合研究,系统探讨了四川盆地构造古地理演化控制下的碳酸盐岩旋回及集群类型、结构以及主控因素.以稳定碎屑岩层系和大型不整合面等为界,划分出8个垂向碳酸盐岩旋回,各旋回储集体构成具有差异性.总体而言,震旦系-下奥陶统、中二叠统-中三叠统的多个包含白云岩的储集体旋回更为有利;结合构造、古地理及储集体的时空配置,划分出板块边缘稳定的台缘礁滩储集体集群、持续迁移型古隆起及周缘岩溶和颗粒滩白云岩储集体集群、板块内部潮坪背景下的藻云岩和台内滩储集体集群、板块内部断裂相关的台缘和台洼礁滩相白云岩储集体集群、缓坡型灰岩致密型及岩溶型储层储集体集群等类型.稳定白云岩的存在对储集体集群起到了重要的控制作用,早期油气充注对白云岩储层保存影响明显;不同储集体集群受到了构造、海平面变化及岩相古地理的联合影响,表生岩溶、TSR、热流体活动成为特定地区储集体形成的影响因素.      

四川盆地东北部飞仙关组储层研究

川东北地区开江—梁平海槽两侧的飞仙关组储层有着明显的差异。海槽东北侧储层主要由次生孔隙发育的鲕粒白云岩组成,厚度大、分布广和质量好;海槽西南侧储层主要由次生孔隙欠发育的鲕粒灰岩构成,虽然厚度大、分布广,但质量较差,仅局部分布有良好的透镜状白云岩储层。这些储层的形成与演化主要受到沉积和成岩作用的共同影响。其中沉积作用是储层形成的基础,决定了储层的大致分布范围,最有利于储层形成的沉积相带为台地边缘滩,多沿孤立台地边缘呈环带状或连陆台地呈带状分布;成岩作用是储层形成的关键,最有利于储层形成的成岩作用是混合水白云石化和埋藏溶解作用。     

塔里木盆地奥陶系蓬莱坝组碳酸盐岩缓坡沉积特征及油气勘探意义

塔里木盆地奥陶系蓬莱坝组广泛发育的白云岩是油气勘探的主要目标之一,储层的分布受沉积相控制作用明显,普遍认为蓬莱坝组沉积模式是弱镶边-局限台地的沉积模式。本文基于地震资料精细解释,结合野外露头与钻井岩相类型及发育特征分析,对沉积模式与相带展布特征进行研究,首次提出了蓬莱坝组为碳酸盐岩缓坡沉积的新认识,并探讨了其油气勘探意义。依据地震地层结构、地层厚度变化特征,以及岩相发育规律体现的颗粒滩普遍发育特征、岩性的分区性揭示的岩性变化受古地貌明显控制的特征,认为蓬莱坝组沉积时期为缓坡沉积环境,可分为内缓坡相、中缓坡相和外缓坡相,且具有中缓坡和内缓坡两种成滩背景。其中中缓坡高能颗粒滩平面上呈条带状在塔中北斜坡-顺南-古城地区及塔北南缘地区规模发育,是蓬莱坝组颗粒滩储层勘探的优选区。碳酸盐岩缓坡沉积新认识改变了传统的台缘礁滩勘探思路,拓展了勘探领域,对推动蓬莱坝组勘探具有重要的参考价值。     

River channel sand body prediction by means of integrating well log and seismic attribute analysis in dense well patterns: a case study of the eastern Beierxi Block in the Sabei Development Area of Daqing Oilfield, China

The developmental areas in eastern China have been in the super-high water cut phase for a significant amount of time, and as a result the distribution of remaining oil has gradually become more and more complex. The effective prediction of the distribution of interwell river channel sand bodies in dense well patterns has become an urgent issue in enhanced oil recovery. In this paper, based on the comprehensive analysis of high-resolution well logs and seismic data, a case study of predicting interwell channel sand bodies is carried out, with the assistance of high-resolution well logs and 3D seismic data from the Beierxi Block of the Sabei Development Area. After interpretation of the horizons and faults, the seismic attributes are extracted on the premise of seismic horizon tracing in a dense well pattern, and seismic attributes on wells are determined by means of the inverse distance-weighted mean method. The linear statistical correlation, multivariate statistical correlation, clustering procedure correlation, and 2D crossplot analyses of the RAVE module between the seismic attributes and well logs are used to deduce the relationships between seismic data and physical information of the reservoir (including effective thickness and distribution of sedimentary facie). Finally, the possibility of using multiattribute results to foster an understanding of depositional-oriented trends in interwell river channel sand body distribution is demonstrated. The planar depositional microfacies distribution is mapped with the results of the well-seismic data, which will assist in achieving a new understanding of how remaining oil may be discovered and will also assist in making further decisions in terms of hydrocarbon exploration and development.     

Distribution patterns and controlling factors for reservoir characteristic difference of oolitic shoals,Feixian’guan Formation,eastern Longgang area,SW China

In eastern Longgang area of northeastern Sichuan Basin, the Kaijiang-Liangping trough was deposited with and leveled up by Feixian’guan sediments, where oolitic shoals exhibit progradation and upward migration. These oolitic shoals are classified into oolitic dolostone shoals and oolitic limestone shoals. The dolostone shoals occur within a narrow belt along Changxingian platform margin where the thickness of one single layer can be large; however, the cumulative thickness is rather small. On the contrary, the limestone shoals spread widely along shifted platform margin and is characterized by small thickness of one single layer and large cumulative thickness. Diagenesis has been found to play an important role in oolitic reservoir properties. The origin of low porosity and permeability in this extensive oolitic limestone reservoirs was attributed to burial cementation, while diagenetic processes, such as, reflux and hydrothermal dolomitization, have been identified as the primary factors for generating high-grade oolitic dolostones. Feixian’guan reservoir is characterized by low matrix porosity (which usually ranges from 2 to 3%). Existence of fractures may improve overall porosity and permeability of these reservoirs. The direct influence of these fractures may be to connect originally isolated pores to form a better connected pore-fracture system. Additionally, the fractures may have facilitated the migration of the organic acids that are associated with oil and gas, to help further enhance the quality of the reservoir through corrosion.     

塔中地区卡1三维区块奥陶系鹰山组台内滩的地震相特征与分布

塔里木盆地塔中地区奥陶系鹰山组是海相碳酸盐岩油气勘探的有利目标层位。为查明塔中地区卡1三维区块鹰山组台内滩储层的空间分布,基于大量的岩心、钻井、地震资料,通过井震对比,分析台内滩的地震反射特征,并在此基础上预测卡1区块内鹰山组台内滩的分布。研究认为,台内滩内部多具有高频无序反射,振幅的强弱变化明显,且不均匀,两翼地层厚度有较明显的变化,与相邻层位岩性有明显差异;在顶面和底面多具有宽、缓的透镜状或丘状地震反射波外形,台内滩附近的围岩,较明显地超覆或披覆在台内滩之上。在精细解释三维地震资料的基础上,利用地震属性,对鹰山组古地貌进行了恢复,预测卡1三维区块奥陶系鹰山组的台内滩有利发育区,为区内高能滩相储集层的评价奠定基础。     

深层—超深层白云岩储集层: 机遇与挑战*

深层—超深层白云岩储集层是未来油气勘探的重要领域和目标,是潜在的优质油气储集体或储集层。查明白云岩的成因、孔隙发育与保存机理以及流体性质与演化路径,建立符合实际地质状况的储集层地质模型,对于预测深层—超深层白云岩储集层的分布规律是非常重要的。疏理了白云岩成因的几个核心问题的现状与发展趋势,指出了白云石化作用模式的演变过程和发展方向,提出了建立深层—超深层白云岩多阶段动态演化模式应考虑的问题。中国三大克拉通盆地(四川盆地、塔里木盆地和鄂尔多斯盆地)深层—超深层赋存丰富的白云岩,并且已经有一些重要的油气发现,为开展深层—超深层白云岩油气勘探提供了好的机遇,但深埋藏、多期构造改造、叠加和复杂的流体演化历史也是此项研究重要的挑战。