基于信息系统的基准地价测算方法设计

本文在分析对比城镇基准地价测算的两种方法思路的基础上,根据新颁布的《城镇土地估价规程》,提出了针对某一土地利用类型,运用土地市场交易样点地价与样点总分值建立数学模型,以此测算评估区域的基准地价,并自动绘制基准地价图的方法。作者在深圳市宝安区基准地价评估工作的具体实践中,应用了此种方法,并在所开发的城镇土地定级估价信息系统中设计实现该功能。     

基于GIS的城镇土地定级估价方法研究

根据城镇土地定级估价的工作特点，研究基于ＧＩＳ技术的城镇土地定级估价方法。在较为系统地分析了我国现行城镇土地定级估价方法的基础上，提出了在ＧＩＳ支持下进行城镇土地定级和基准地价评估的基本方法和步骤，并以ＡｒｃＣＡＤ为支撑软件，进行了城镇土地定级估价软件的设计研制。用于自动完成定级估价因素／子分值计算。土地级别确定、基准地价测算及成果输入等，并以浙江城镇为例进行了应用实验。     

城镇土地定级估价信息系统

该系统利用日益成熟的GIS技术，结合当前开展的城镇土地定级与基准地价更新工作不依赖任何GIS平台自行设计开发。实践证明，系统功能完善，自动化程度高，开放性能好，便于联网，成果符合中华人民共和国国家标准《城镇土地分等定级规程》和《城镇土地估价规程》的要求，为城镇土地定级与基准地价更新工作的顺利完成奠定了基础。     

基于土地定级估价信息的市场比较法研究

探讨了在土地定级估价信息系统中，如何将市场比较法与基准地价体系有机地结合，充分利用土地定级和基准地价评估的成果进行宗地评估的技术和方法。通过模板建立并设计了相应的数据结构，解决了数据库结构的不确定性问题，采用聚类分析等数学方法实现了案例提取、匹配以及地价计算相应流程的算法。基于土地定级估价信息的市场比较法克服了传统市场比较法实现存在的问题，对实现宗地地价评估流程的自动化、保证评估结果的客观性具有重大意义。     

基于ArcGIS的城镇地价信息系统的设计与实现

基于系统设计原则，构建了基于ArcGIS的城镇地价信息系统的总体框架，并采用VB．NET编程语言、AreGIS组件AreGIS Engine、SQL Server数据库等开发实现了具有数据库管理、土地定级、地价评估、地价更新等功能的城镇地价信息系统。     

基于动态格网的基准地价评估模型

随着格网技术在土地价格评估领域的不断发展,格网的划分可以对基准地价的评估起一定的支撑作用,并也可为城市规划管理、投资决策、商业选址、房地产地价等领域提供一定的依据。本文在方格网法评估商用土地基准价格的基础上,引入GIS格网技术,将格网与土地资源的分析管理结合起来,提出了基于动态格网的基准地价评估模型。根据最初的格网边长初始值,进一步计算格网内偏差百分值,利用格网内偏差百分数不断修正格网边长的大小使其满足误差范围,确定最佳格网边长,计算格网单元的基准地价。     

城镇地价信息系统的建设

在研究城镇土地定级估价及地价信息管理的技术方法和技术手段的基础上,对利用计算技术解决定级估价,地价更新及地价信息的发布进行了探索,提出了城镇地价信息系统的系统集成框架。     

城镇基准地价评估的人工神经网络模型研究

在我国的城镇基准地价评估中,通常采用回归统计模型.这类模型属确定型数学模型,受主观影响较大,不能全面准确地模拟地价与其影响因素之间复杂的非线性关系,且评估工作量大,不易实现评估自动化.在此探讨了应用人工神经网络技术建立城镇基准地价评估模型的理论、方法和步骤,分析和研究了模型优化方法,并通过实例验证了模型的适用性和可靠性.研究表明,3层结构的基于误差反传算法的BP网络模型,能较好地模拟城镇基准地价与其影响因素之间的复杂关系.     

城镇基准地价评估的人工神经网络模型研究

在我国的城镇基准地价评估中,通常采用回归统计模型。这类模型属确定型数学模型,受主观影响较大,不能全面准确地模拟地价与其影响因素之间复杂的非线性关系,且评估工作量大,不易实现评估自动化。在此探讨了应用人工神经网络技术建立城镇基准地价评估模型的理论、方法和步骤,分析和研究了模型优化方法,并通过实例验证了模型的适用性和可靠性。研究表明,3层结构的基于误差反传算法的BP网络模型,能较好地模拟城镇基准地价与其影响因素之间的复杂关系。     

顾及地价空间分布规律的城市基准地价以价定级方法研究

提出了一种城市基准地价以价定级方法。该方法用矢栅混合模型划分评价单元,对地价样点进行趋势面分析筛选,使用最短路径距离代替欧氏距离对地价样点进行空间插值,叠加分析后得到各评估单元的指标地价,用其代替传统的因素综合得分对基准地价评估区域分等定级,同时测算出各级别基准地价。以上海市为例对该方法的实用性进行了验证。     

Spatial-temporal impacts of urban land use land cover on land surface temperature: Case studies of two Canadian urban areas

The surface fabric of urbanized areas, (i.e. its constituent land covers and land uses) plays an essential role in the generation of the urban/rural temperature differences, i.e. the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. Land surface information, derived from satellite imagery, and complementary information such as demographics can be used as the basis for an understanding of the atmospheric and surface thermal variations within cities. The results of comprehensive land surface characterizations of two major Canadian urban areas, the Greater Toronto Area and Ottawa-Gatineau, are described. Spatial information, including land cover fraction maps, land use and its historic changes, population density maps are compared with intra-urban surface temperature variations derived from satellite thermal imagery. Three aspects of the impacts of land cover and land use on urban land thermal characteristics are addressed, namely, (a) the relationships between surface temperature and subpixel land cover and population density (b) intra-city seasonal temperature variations and (c) the intensification of the urban heat island effect due to urban built-up land growth.     

地理信息系统支持的城市土地定级方法研究

本文探讨根据城市土地定级因素所具有的空间特征和相关性,采用地理信息系统(GIS)的技术和方法,运用空间数据库存贮、管理和操作各类与城市土地定级估价有关的信息和数据。并根据GIS空间分析的类型和功能,设计土地定级因素空间分析软件,包括空间内插、数字地形分析、空间扩散和叠置分析等,在这些定级软件的协调下,自动完成土地定级因素的量化、空间分析、分值计算、分级评定及土地定级图件等的输出,为城市土地等级评估提供一种全数字的方法。     

Urban land-use suitability analysis — A case study of Calcutta Metropolitan Area

Urban land-use zoning analysis has been carried out to evaluate the suitability of land for urbanisation i.e. a process of assessing the fitness of different land characteristics (soils, physiography, slope, land use etc.) for urban development in Calcutta Metropolitan Development Authority (CMDA) area (1350 sq. km). Remote sensing data in conjunction with Survey of India maps and ancillary data have been employed for the analysis. A GIS-based methodology has been developed for the integration of different physical parameters and generation of urban land development units. In all 82 Urban Land Development Units (ULDUs) were delineated and evaluated with respect to physical constraints and the degree to which each class could limit the development for urban purpose. These ULDUs are categorised into five suitability classes for urban use. The relationships between ULDU classes, suitabilities and urban land development considerations in a generalised form have also been assessed. It has been observed that the physical constraints have become progressively greater from class-I to class-V meaning thereby that the cost for the developing the area for urban purpose increases from class-I and becomes uneconomic for class-V. The suitability map prepared using this methodology would also serve as a sub-set for the preparation of a Master plan of the city.     

运用RS和GIS技术进行城市绿地覆盖调查

较详细地介绍了运用遥感和地理信息系统技术进行城市绿地覆盖调查的方法、技术流程以及其优点。由该方法获取的城市绿地覆盖数字信息,可以方便地进行各种分析、评价,辅助绿化部门的规划管理.     

Modelling of urban growth boundary using geoinformatics

Abstract

Urban growth boundary (UGB) is a regulatory measure of local government for delineating limits of urban growth over a period of time. Land within the UGB allows urban development, while the land outside of this boundary remains primarily non-urban. The increasing popularity of UGB demands an easy and effective method to design this boundary. This article introduces a new concept, Ideal Urban Radial Proximity (IURP), to designate a spatial UGB using geoinformatics in the digital environment. The Kolkata urban agglomeration was considered to demonstrate this model. Remotely sensed imageries of three temporal instants (years 1975, 1990 and 2005) were considered to determine the information on urban extent and growth of the city. These data were then used as inputs to model the UGB for the years 2020 and 2035. The proposed model discourages scattered development and increase in urban growth rate. It preserves urban vegetation, water bodies and any other important non-urban areas within the inner city space. The IURP concept will also be useful to make the cities circular and polycentric urban blobs into a monocentric tract. Apart from the proposed model and derived results, this research also proves the potential of geoinformatics in modelling a UGB.     

Urban land use mapping and zoning of Bombay Metropolitan Region using remote sensing data

Bombay Metropolitan Region covering an area of about 4,360 sq. km. was selected for urban land use studies and for urban land use zoning. Urban land use mapping was carried out using SPOT multispectral linear array imagery on 1∶25,000 scale employing visual analysis tehcniques. Fifteen maps were prepared depicting the spatial distribution of various urban classes in the Greater Bombay and New Bombay regions. Sixteen urban land use maps were also prepared using Landsat TM data showing the distribution of land use pattern on 1∶50,000 scale for the entire metropolitan region. Urban land use zoning was carried out based upon suitability index on 1∶250,000 scale. This map provides information on the areas to be used for construction and areas to be kept under green belt in the metropolitan region. This study is a joint venture of Space Applications Centre with Bombay Metropolitan Development authority.     

New urban map of Eurasia using MODIS and multi-source geospatial data

Urban areas are of paramount significance to both the individuals and communities at local and regional scales. However, the rapid growth of urban areas exerts effects on climate, biodiversity, hydrology, and natural ecosystems worldwide. Therefore, regular and up-to-date information related to urban extent is necessary to monitor the impacts of urban areas at local, regional, and potentially global scales. This study presents a new urban map of Eurasia at 500 m resolution using multi-source geospatial data, including Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data of 2013, population density of 2012, the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program’s Operational Linescan System (DMSP-OLS) nighttime lights of 2012, and constructed Impervious Surface Area (ISA) data of 2010. The Eurasian urban map was created using the threshold method for these data, combined with references of fine resolution Landsat and Google Earth imagery. The resultant map was compared with nine global urban maps and was validated using random sampling method. Results of the accuracy assessment showed high overall accuracy of the new urban map of 94%. This urban map is one product of the 20 land cover classes of the next version of Global Land Cover by National Mapping Organizations.     

Assessment of Land use/land cover Change in the North-West District of Delhi Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques

Land is one of the prime natural resources. A city grows not only by population but also by changes in spatial dimensions. Urban population growth and urban sprawl induced land use changes and land transformation. The land transformation is a natural process and cannot be stopped but it can be regulated. Many geographical changes at the urban periphery are associated with the transfer of land from rural to urban purpose. There is an urgent need for fast growing areas like Delhi, which can be easily done by high-resolution remote sensing data. Land use/land cover of North West of Delhi has been analyzed for the time period of 1972?C2003. The remote sensing data used in study is Aster image of 2003 with a spatial resolution of 15?m and other data of 1972 Survey of India (SOI) toposheet at the scale of 1:50,000. Supervised digital classification using maximum likelihood classifier was applied for preparing land use/land cover. A change detection model was applied in ERDAS Imagine to find out the land use/land cover during 1972 to 2003. Eight land use classes was identified but main dominated classes were built up and agricultural land. A drastic change has been recorded during 30 years of time i. e. (1972-2003). In 1972, 92.06% of the land was under agricultural practice, which reduced to 64.71% in 2003. This shows 27.35% decrease in agricultural land in three decades. On the other hand built up area was 6.31% in 1972, which increased to 34% in 2003. One of the main cause of this land use change is the population growth due to the migration in the district from small cities and rural areas of Delhi.     

A comparative study on four major cities in Northeastern Thailand using urban land density function

Urban land density is an important factor to understand how cities expand. An “Inverse S-shape Rule” was implemented for the first time to analyze urban land density in Northeastern Thailand using the four cities Khon Kaen, Udon Thani, Nakhon Phanom, and Nong Khai as study sites. Land density function was tested using different data classification techniques from previous studies. Each city was investigated over two different time periods between 2002 and 2015. Declining pattern characteristics of metropolitan area density outward from city centers can be quantified by fitting the parameters to urban land density functions. An inverse S-shape function was identified as the best data fit. The four selected cities showed conventional density variation for decline in urban land area from city centers to outlying areas. Overall trend indicated that cities became more compact over time since the density differences between the urban core and urban fringe were greater with increasing infilling growth within the urban boundary. All four cities increased in size over time; however, the increasing amount of built-up land in the surrounding rural areas did not follow the same trend in each case. Some functional parameters required careful interpretation because of the linear shape of the city as in the case of Nakhon Phanom. Using highly detailed urban data resulted in lower densities of urban areas compared to the conventional pixel-based classification, and this affected the overall shape of the inverse S-shape function. The fitted parameters and their changing trends indicated that the urban land density function was useful for understanding urban form and urban sprawl in Thailand. Results can be used to develop a specific framework for other cities with similar attributes in the future.     

A CSCW system for building reviewing by integrating GIS with OA

1 lntroductionIt is the main task of urban development controlin China to review buiIding applications submittedby public agencies or private citizens, regardingnew buildings or concerning existing building withor without change in their original functions. Theprocess is a collaborative work by a group of urbanpIanning staffs and land managers who are workingwith different departments of the organization.There are three ingredients for improving the workefficiency, i. e., agile cornrnunicatio…