广西大地构造与铀成矿

本文论述了广西大地构造的特点及其演化规律,其中讨论了古陆壳其底存在的可能性,并提出了右江和钦州断拉谷型地洼的新概念。把构造运动与物质运动结合起来,探索区内铀矿床的形成特点及其时空分布规律,特别是地洼期的构造活动对铀元素的富集成矿起了至关重要的作用。     

洞庭地洼西缘非金属矿成矿大地构造条件分析

洞庭地洼西缘非金属矿产的产出特征与地槽、地台及地洼构造的演化具有密切的关系.地洼构造对区内大部分非金属矿产的形成和保存是极为有利的。在地洼盆地内常形成火山沉积蚀变矿床、盐类沉积矿床及生物沉积(能源和非能源)矿床等地洼沉积型非金属矿床。     

华北、东南及藏北地洼区的地壳运动及其地球物理特征

通过分析东南、华北及藏北三个地洼区的重力、地震、地热等深部和浅部地球物理资料所表现出来的不同特征及其存在的差异,论述了上述三个地洼区现阶段的大地构造运动中,东南地洼区地壳运动最弱,藏北地洼区地壳运动最强,华北地洼区的地壳运动强度居于前两者之间。研究表明,地壳运动的强弱变化与地幔有着密切联系。     

地洼区的地震活动性问题浅谈

<正> 地洼大地构造学说科学地揭示了地壳新的第三基本构造单元-地洼区的存在,为现代成矿学和地质灾害防御等研究开拓了思路。地震作为最新大地构造运动的一种表现,它与地洼区及其构造性状不仅有着成因上的联系,而且在时间、空间和强度等分布上也有着相互的依附关系。从这个意义上说,地洼区的研究无疑是为潜在震源区和地震危险区     

Access数据库在区域成矿预测中的应用——以滇东北地洼区铅锌银成矿分区为例

本文以“滇东北地洼区铅、锌、银成矿预测数据库”的建立为例 ,简要介绍了将Access97数据库运用于区域成矿预测中的概况。根据研究 ,本区铅、锌、银矿床主要形成于地洼期 ,本文运用该数据库分析了滇东北铅、锌、银矿产的时空分布特征 ,结合构造运动概况划分了滇东北地洼区铅、锌、银矿床的成矿构造层 ,指出了滇东北地洼区铅、锌、银矿床的找矿方向。     

关于地洼区的几个问题

针对有关地洼区研究中引起不同看法和争议的问题,进一步阐述了:①地洼区的属性问题;②地洼区与活化区,③地洼区与地球动力学;④地洼与一些有关的其它盆地(如地洼与裂谷,地洼与断拉谷、地洼与地堑)的区别和联系,正确认识和区分上述问题,对地洼学说的进一步提高将起到促进作用。     

新疆阿拉套山中新生代构造演化及对煤田的控制

本文应用地洼学说的观点,明确提出本区经历过地槽、地台、地洼三个大地构造发展阶段;详尽阐述了地台、地洼发展阶段的构造运动、地貎和沉积环境演化特征;指出本区存在地台型煤田;并探讨了地洼构造对煤田的改造过程。在此基础上提出了明确的找煤远景区。经实践验证的成果表明:应用地洼学说研究本区的中新生代构造演化是有理论和实际意义的。     

冲绳海槽地质构造特征

冲绳海槽是一个在新生代褶皱带基础上,中新世以来的构造活化区,即边缘海地洼区,其形成和发展与太平洋板块活动有关,为海底扩张的结果,具有过渡性地壳,高的热流值和至今还在活动的活火山。它经历了中中新世～晚中新世地洼初动期和上新世以来地洼激烈期的地质发展和演化,成为全球现今仍在继续活化的典型。本区可进一步划分为西北地洼列;北山地穹列;吐噶喇地洼列和冲绳地洼列四个构造单元。     

东北北部区域构造特征及与有色金属矿产的关系

引言东北北部地跨东北地洼区和松辽地台区,在漫长的地质发展史中经历了前地槽、地槽、地台和地洼的发展历程,历期的岩浆活动、断裂构造运动频繁,区内有色金属矿产的分布与区域构造格架密切相关。笔者在研究前人工作成果的基础上经初步分析写成此文,其论述范围包括黑龙江省和内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔盟。限于篇幅,本文仅阐述区域深断裂构造与有色金属矿产的关系。不妥之处,请予以指教。     

320矿床铀矿成矿构造演化初探

320矿床位于东亚壳体中国东南地洼区赣湘桂地洼系的中南段，湘东地洼的南西部，受岩相古地理环境的控制且与区内地洼构造活动密切相关；特别是与多期次活动的湘东裂谷系的成生和发展紧密相联，在裂谷系发育过程中形成了一系列与裂谷构造有关的铀矿化，控制了以320矿床为主体的区带矿床的分布。     

福建省区域地质构造特征

福建自晚太古代以来经受了多次造山运动影响，尤以燕山期构造—岩浆活动最为强烈和频繁，以致省内华夏古陆不断发生裂解及增生。省内的北北东—北东东、北西—东西及南—北走向断裂十分发育，形成大小不同的断块（地体）。最突出的是南平—宁化（北东）断裂带与政和—大埔（北北东）构造—岩浆带相交汇，将福建省割切为闽西北、闽西南及闽东３个地体。本文对主要断裂及三大地体的构造—岩浆活动、变质—变形、岩浆侵入与喷发、地体的分离与拼接的演化历史进行概略阐述。总之，福建省是经多期造山作用由不同地体或断块拼接而成的复合造山带     

江西相山铀矿田构造控矿规律研究

对江西相山铀矿田内断裂构造格架及火山构造特征做了研究,认为相山火山盆地和断裂构造的成生与发育受永丰-抚州深断裂演化控制。从构造控矿作用看,相山铀矿田受大型中心式塌陷火盆控制,北部的EW向断裂带和中西部的EW向构造断陷带控制着矿田内的矿集带,NE向与EW向断裂构造复合部位控制了矿床的位置,密集成群的断裂裂隙带控制着铀矿体,使各矿床中的铀矿体呈群脉型。这些铀矿田地质构造特征及控矿规律对进一步找矿具有重要的指导意义。     

贵州省织金—纳雍煤田构造特征及其成因

织金—纳雍煤田主要发育NE、NW、EW及近SN向四组褶皱与断裂,其中以NE向最为发育。在早燕山期近EW向最大主应力作用下,黔中隆起及其邻区发生剧烈造山运动,在煤田东部边界形成向西逆冲的区域性大断裂—遵义断裂,并伴生一系列近NS向褶皱及断层。自东向西的强烈挤压使得垭都—紫云断裂带发生压剪性活动,在西部边界靠近断裂带形成一系列NW向褶皱及断层。随后主应力转变为SE—NW向,受到隆起的阻隔及纳雍—瓮安断裂、垭都—紫云断裂的限制,在煤田中部形成NE向褶皱及断层,此时奠定了织纳煤田的基本构造格局。晚燕山期将早期NE向构造左行剪切成"S"形,晚燕山期及喜马拉雅期主要表现为对早期构造的继承性发展。     

Structural evolution of the Teletsk graben (Russian Altai)

Lake Teletskoye in the northeastern part of the Altai mountain range has attracted the attention of geo-scientists for a long time, because it fills an impressive tectonic depression. The lake is 77 km long and 4 km wide, and it has a maximum water depth of 325 m. The vertical offset of the basement surface is up to 3000 m. A multidisciplinary study of the Teletsk graben was carried out during the last few years, including satellite image and air photo analysis, bathymetric-, structural- and geomorphological mapping, high-resolution seismic profiling and seismic refraction. The structural study revealed that reactivation of preexisting weak basement zones is important in controlling the basin formation. These zones separate different tectonic terranes at the contact of which the Teletsk graben developed.This study identifies the significance of the basin in the regional neotectonic context. It shows that the major vertical movements are restricted to the basin itself, but do not characterize the whole region. Outside of the basin, recent tectonic structures have the same pattern as adjacent areas of Northeast Altai and West-Sayan. Quaternary glaciations have had no major influence on the basin formation.Two stages of faulting are identified. First, transpressive movements restricted to discrete (reactivated) fault zones controlled the opening of the basin. In the second stage, normal faulting is dominant and is responsible for the modern basin outline.An echo-sounding survey led to the recognition of several morphological characteristics of the lake bottom. In the southern part, the uppermost sediments seem slightly disturbed, whereas further north, transverse ridges and slope breaks are increasingly common. The deepest part of the lake is located in a highly disturbed zone of normal fault-bounded blocks. The structural difference between the southern and northern subbasins is supported by the interpretation of a deep seismic refraction profile which indicates a substantial increase of basement isochores in the area where the reactivated Teletsk (Paleozoic) shear zone crosses the lake.Correlation of high-resolution seismic profiles suggests that the Teletsk graben started to evolve during the Pleistocene, and that its present shape was formed in two stages. The first stage was responsible for the opening of the southern basin. It probably started in the Middle Pleistocene. A second kinematic stage induced by a sinistral reactivation of the NE striking West-Sayan fault initiated the opening of the different segments of the northern subbasin due to opposite movements between the reactivated Teletsk and West-Sayan faults. This second stage was active after the end of Late Pleistocene glaciations and during the Holocene. The recent lateral extension and the related N–S-trending normal faults result from a change in tectonic regime, with related extensional movements along the main reactivated fault zones. These recent movements result in the lateral escape of the lake borders and the collapse of the area between them.     

雅布赖盆地构造演化与油气聚集

雅布赖含油气盆地位于中国西部河西走廊地区北部,处于华北克拉通阿尔善地块中南部过渡带,属北祁连构造带,中生代为走滑拉分盆地,新生代为挤压冲断坳陷盆地。燕山早期,形成东西向雅布赖拉张断陷,主控断裂为北大山正断层,沉积中心位于盆地南部;燕山中期,碰撞造山作用致使盆地北部急剧抬升,北部中-下侏罗统地层遭受强烈剥蚀;燕山晚期,阿拉善地块及其北部地区处于伸展构造环境,雅布赖山前产生东西向正断层,急剧活动,快速沉降,形成了北东向展布的新的拉张断陷盆地。喜马拉雅期,在挤压走滑作用下,雅布赖盆地南部形成北西向南倾逆冲的推覆构造,致使北大山正断层发生错断瓦解,最终形成"东隆西坳,南断北超"的挤压坳陷构造格局。雅布赖盆地主体沉积凹陷具有较强分割性,沉降凹陷分布于南部,最大沉积岩厚度为5 400 m;凹陷内侏罗系最为发育,中侏罗统新河组、青土井组暗色泥岩、煤岩为烃源岩,砂岩为储集层,新河组泥岩互层作盖层,构成盆地内最主要的含油气组合。由于雅布赖盆地特定的早期深埋,晚期抬升破坏构造格局,造就侏罗系砂岩储层早期强烈压实致密,侏罗系煤系烃源岩成熟较晚,构造发育期与烃源岩排烃期不匹配,生成油气主要表现为近源成藏与层内滞留,形成源内自生自储,致密油应是主要勘探对象。     

辽宁瓦房店地区50号金伯利岩管及其周边构造特征

辽宁瓦房店地区的3个金伯利岩带内的典型金伯利岩管产于NE向、NNE向与近EW向3组构造薄弱带中,并严格受其控制;3组构造交汇部位是今后找寻金伯利岩管的有利部位。构造期次对该区50号岩管具有明显控制作用:早期近EW向挤压破碎带为金伯利岩管的导矿构造;中期NE向断裂为控矿构造;晚期NNE向断裂、NW向断裂,对金伯利岩体起破坏作用。50号岩管及其周边金伯利岩体与构造盆地具有较明确的关联性;野外调查表明,50号岩管周边也曾发生过由E向W方向(或由SE向NW方向)的水平运动,且三维建模显示现在50号岩管不是岩体的根部,应在其东部或东南部寻找可能的剩余部分。     

雪峰山西侧贵州地区中生代构造特征及其演化

贵州中生代变形主要发生在燕山期,发育三幕褶皱变形、两幕逆冲和三幕走滑。根据区域对比、卷入褶皱的地层和褶皱间的叠加关系,判断三期褶皱的形成顺序依次为近东西向、北东向和南北向,时限在J3—K2之间。逆冲推覆构造主要由向北西或西逆冲的近南北向逆冲断层组成,大体与南北向褶皱同时形成; 自雪峰构造带西缘向西,依次划分出根部带、中部带和前锋带。但是,在根部带识别出两幕逆冲推覆,其它两带各识别出一幕。走滑断层也有3个方向：东西向、北东向和近南北向。东西向走滑断层呈现出右行压扭的运动学特征,而大多数北东向走滑断层是左行张扭性质的。依据各个方向断层间的切割和限制关系,推测东西向走滑断层最早形成,其次是南北向逆冲断层,北东向走滑断层最晚活动。这些断裂和褶皱特征,总体表现出贵州多重多种复合联合的构造特征,最后,探讨了本区的构造成因模式。     

Oblique convergence during the Cimmerian collision: Evidence from the Triassic Aghdarband Basin,NE Iran

The Lower-Middle Triassic Aghdarband Basin, NE Iran, consists of a strongly deformed arc-related marine succession deposited along the southern margin of Eurasia in a highly mobile tectonic context. This basin is a key-area for the study of the Cimmerian events, as the Triassic units show severe deformations, which occurred short time after the collision of Iran with Eurasia, and were sealed by the Middle Jurassic succession. In this work, we document the structural setting and evolution of this area, based on detailed mesoscopic structural analyses of faults and folds, paleostress reconstruction and revision of the Triassic stratigraphy. The Triassic sequences are deeply involved in a N-verging thrust stack interacting with an important left-lateral transpressional fault zone characterized by strike-slip faults, vertical folds and high angle reverse faults generating intricate positive flowers. Systematic folds asymmetry indicates that they developed in a left-lateral transpressional zone coeval to thrust imbrication to the south, due to a marked strain partitioning.The extent of the transpressional zone shows that important left-lateral movements developed parallel to the belt during the Cimmerian collision, in response to oblique convergence between Iran and Eurasia. Inversion of Triassic syn-sedimentary faults, possibly inherited from Palaeozoic structures of the Kopeh Dagh basement and favouring strain partitioning, is suggested by unconformities, significant differences in the sedimentary successions, repeated olistoliths, scarp-related coarse breccias and rapid tectonic drowning, occurring especially along the northern tectonic boundary of the basin. Paleostress analyses point to a complex stress pattern showing a 45° rotation of the stress field along the left-lateral fault system, related to a complete deformation partitioning in two domains respectively characterized by pure reverse dip-slip and strike-slip motions. The main direction of compression, possibly oriented NE–SW in present days coordinates, favoured the development of large shear zones disrupting the eastern portion of the Cimmerian orogen.     

The MAR-Vema Fracture Zone intersection surveyed by deep submersible Nautile

One of the two objectives of the Vemanaute cruise of the French deep submersible Nautile, was the geological study of the eastern intersection area between the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) and the Vema Fracture Zone in the equatorial Atlantic. Fourteen dives were conducted that allowed detailed geological survey and sampling of the main morphostructural units of this area: the northern and southern walls of the fracture zone, the median ridge, the northern and southern troughs and the nodal basin. In situ observations of recent tectonic features such as furrows, ridges and circular depressions, concentrated within the southern trough, allowed us to establish the location and the size of the present-day displacement zone. Geological investigations have shown that the nodal basin is entirely floored by basalts thus contrasting with other equivalent areas such as the Kane and Oceanographer fracture zone-MAR eastern intersections. Finally, this study stresses the great opposition between the relatively old and tectonically inactive northern part of the fracture, and the southern part which shows active tectonics and recent volcanic activity.     

东北东部虎林盆地的构造特征、成盆机制及敦-密断裂带北东段的形成时代

虎林盆地位于黑龙江省东部,是叠置在佳木斯地块之上的中、新生代断陷-坳陷盆地,其构造变形可以划分为3个构造演化阶段：早白垩世为NW-SE向伸展作用阶段,主要形成一系列各自独立的NE向箕状断陷群;晚白垩世为NW-SE向挤压作用阶段,使部分早期控陷正断层发生反转,形成反转构造,虎林盆地转化为具有多个沉降中心的NE向挤压坳陷盆地群;古近纪-第四纪为NNW-SSE向挤压作用阶段,虎林盆地的构造格局发生了重大变化,不仅使部分早期控陷正断层发生反转作用形成大型反转构造,而且在七虎林河凹陷与中央隆起之间形成NEE向大型逆冲断层（敦-密断裂）和断层传播褶皱,它们共同控制了盆地的形成和沉积作用,虎林盆地转化为具有1个中央隆起和南、北2个坳陷的NEE向挤压坳陷型盆地。东北地区自白垩纪以来始终处于活动大陆边缘的大地构造背景,包括虎林盆地在内的东北东部盆地群的形成与伊泽纳奇板块、太平洋板块向欧亚板块的俯冲作用有关。敦-密断裂带总体上呈NE向展布,具有左行走滑的性质,在靠近虎林盆地的北东段转变为NEE向展布,断层的性质也转变为逆冲断层,敦-密断裂带北东段的逆冲作用很可能与该断裂带的NE向左行走滑作用在NEE向的转换挤压有关。敦-密断裂带自古近纪始新世-渐新世虎林期开始活动,一直持续活动到第四纪。