利用强震记录校正的芦山7.0级地震峰值加速度震动图

运用考虑场地效应的震动图快速生成方法,综合考虑震中地区地质构造背景、震源机制解结果及中国西部地区地震动参数衰减特征,估计了2013年4月20日芦山7.0级地震加速度分布图.利用地震后获得的强震记录计算了强震台站观测值与借助经验性衰减关系估计值之间的系统偏差,进一步修正了峰值加速度分布图.结果显示,由于芦山地震属于高角度逆冲型地震,加大了震区的震动程度,特别是震中附近30km范围内震动程度比校正前的结果更高.     

拟合水工设计反应谱的人工地震波的生成与Huang变换校正

根据非平稳输入下建立的功率谱与均值反应谱之间的关系,合成基于水工设计反应谱的人工地震波,并对其幅值进行修正,降低了高频区误差作用.为了解决加速度时程积分后的速度、位移时程的零线漂移现象,利用Huang变换得到加速度时程的固有模态函数,这种最低频率固有模态函数分量通常情况下代表原始信号的趋势或均值;再对去掉均值后的加速度时程进行积分,得到的速度、位移时程不存在零线漂移问题.     

考虑土-结构相互作用的上海中心大厦地震反应

采用ANSYS有限元软件建立土-桩-上海中心大厦相互作用简化模型.其中,桩土区采用等效模型,近域土体定为塑性区,用DP模型模拟;外围的土域定为弹性区,用超单元来模拟.对考虑土,桩-结构相互作用的整体结构和以刚性地基为假定的上部结构分别进行地震反应分析,并完成了比较.最后,在整体结构中提取上部结构与下部结构处的加速度反应与原地震波叠加,形成修正地震波,为输入修正地震波能考虑相互作用因素来分析相同结构的精细模型地震反应提供了条件.     

强震加速度记录仪器失真校正计算方法的改进

本文对中国制造的电流计记录式加速度仪RDZ1-12-66记录的振幅失真校正方法进行了改进,针对微分-积分运算过程,提出:第一,用一种新的微分变换公式代替目前通用的中心差分法,对于采样率为100点/秒的等间距离散化加速度记录,校正频率可以高达45赫兹,并具有较高的精确度;第二,在进行仪器失真校正运算之前,对积分所得位移数据先进行一次基线修正,消除长周期误差对仪器修正计算的影响。实际处理结果表明,该方法能更有效地校正仪器的失真和充分保留记录中有价值的高频分量。     

2014年云南鲁甸MS6.5地震峰值加速度震动图

综合考虑震中地区地质构造背景、震源机制解结果、余震分布以及我国西部地区地震动参数衰减特征,运用考虑场地效应的震动图快速生成方法,将收集到的62组强震台站的峰值加速度作为插值使用,估计了2014年8月3日云南鲁甸M_S6.5地震峰值加速度震动图. 利用地震后获得的强震记录计算了强震台站观测值与借助经验性衰减关系得到的估计值之间的系统偏差,校正了缺少台站地区借助经验性衰减关系得到的估计值,获得了校正后的峰值加速度分布图. 结果显示,鲁甸M_S6.5地震的地震动峰值加速度随距离的衰减速度比前人对我国西部衰减统计的结果更快,对数偏差校正的结果更符合本次地震的衰减规律. 校正后的峰值加速度大于40 cm/s2的区域面积近8000 km2,比未经校正的峰值加速度大于40 cm/s2的面积减小了40%左右.      

利用近场地震加速度记录测定近震震级ML的研究

本文对如何利用强震加速度记录测定近震震级ＭＬ的问题进行了研究，指出了在我国所使用的原始量规函数存在着系统偏差，并用回归现有观测资料的方法修正了这种系统偏差。用修正后的量规函数，利用近场加速度记录计算的ＭＬ值同微震台网所测定的值符合得较好，说明本文所提出的方法是可行的。     

基于磁通负反馈结构的高灵敏度感应式磁场传感器研制

感应式磁场传感器广泛应用于地球物理电磁勘探仪器,但也是阻碍我国地球物理电磁勘探仪器装备研发和推广应用的瓶颈技术.在我国SinoProbe计划中"地面电磁探测(SEP)系统"项目支持下,我们研制出用于大地电磁测深(the Magnetotellurics MT)方法的高灵敏度磁场传感器.研制过程中,采用磁通负反馈技术,增强传感器系统工作稳定性;采用斩波稳零放大电路技术,有效降低低频1/f噪声对传感器灵敏度的影响;采用高磁导率合金材料,增加磁场传感器的灵敏度.最终,MT磁场传感器工作频率范围为1 m√HZ ~1 k√HZ ,噪声水平0.1 √HZ 时为1.5 pT/√HZ ;1 √HZ 时为0.15 pT/√HZ ;10 √HZ 时为0.03 pT/√HZ ;长度96 cm,重量≤6 kg.理论和测试结果表明:与同类产品比较,本文研制的感应式磁场传感器在≥10 √HZ 时,平均噪声水平从150 fT/√HZ ,下降至30 fT/√HZ ,噪声水平更优,测量精度更高,能够更好地满足MT方法的需求.     

考虑相位谱的人造地震动反应谱拟合

本文在回顾了地震动模拟理论及反应谱拟合技术的发展后,提出了一个新的加速度时程曲线的拟合方法,以改进现有反应谱拟合精度和原则。此法不同于常规方法之处有二:(一)在对幅值谱修正时,考虑了傅氏谱各分量对最大反应贡献的正负;(二)对于仅用幅值谱修正不能满足要求的顽固点,提出了相位修正的方法。这一力法使拟合技术更为合理而有效。     

基于《电力设施抗震设计规范》的地震动随机模型参数研究

依据《电力设施抗震设计规范》（GB50260-96）中的设计反应谱,对随机地震动功率谱参数的取值进行了具体研究。首先,采用时间包络函数考虑地震的非平稳特性,给出了地震动持时的取值;然后,根据加速度峰值等效原则,迭代计算得到地面的加速度功率谱密度曲线;最后,选定Clough-Penzien修正过滤白噪声模型作为拟合函数,通过非线性拟合技术拟合了与《规范》中的地震烈度、场地类别相对应的谱参数。研究结果表明,Clough-Penzien修正过滤白噪声模型能较好地拟合其曲线形状。本文给出了相对于规范中的地面加速度功率谱参数值,可供这种模型作为地震地面运动输入时选用。     

汶川8.0级地震峰值地震动特性研究

对汶川Ms8.0地震的加速度峰值进行统计和处理,得到加速度(PGA)与断层距的统计关系、等值线图以及地震三方向的三维加速度图.发现加速度峰值沿断层方向衰减较慢,沿其它方向衰减较快,断层距在100 km内衰减最快.大峰值的加速度基本位于断裂的两侧的狭长地带及沿断裂方向.用中国西部加速度衰减公式计算的加速度值与实际记录值进行比较,发现前者偏小并且衰减得快,可能与本次地震的断裂破裂机制和地质构造有关.     

An algorithm developed in Matlab for the automatic selection of cut-off frequencies,in the correction of strong motion data

Strong motion recordings are the key in many earthquake engineering applications and are also fundamental for seismic design. The present study focuses on the automated correction of accelerograms, analog and digital. The main feature of the proposed algorithm is the automatic selection for the cut-off frequencies based on a minimum spectral value in a predefined frequency bandwidth, instead of the typical signal-to-noise approach. The algorithm follows the basic steps of the correction procedure (instrument correction, baseline correction and appropriate filtering). Besides the corrected time histories, Peak Ground Acceleration, Peak Ground Velocity, Peak Ground Displacement values and the corrected Fourier Spectra are also calculated as well as the response spectra. The algorithm is written in Matlab environment, is fast enough and can be used for batch processing or in real-time applications. In addition, the possibility to also perform a signal-to-noise ratio is added as well as to perform causal or acausal filtering. The algorithm has been tested in six significant earthquakes (Kozani-Grevena 1995, Aigio 1995, Athens 1999, Lefkada 2003 and Kefalonia 2014) of the Greek territory with analog and digital accelerograms.     

根据渐进谱的统计规律生成地震加速度时程

基于美国西部80条基岩上的近场强震记录， 采用Nakayama方法生成记录的渐进谱， 并参照Kameda方式，用统计方法建立了根据震级、距离等地震参数预测渐进谱的统计模型. 提出一种以渐进谱为目标谱的生成幅值和频率非平稳地震加速度时程的迭代方法. 由于考虑了渐进谱幅值和相位的相互影响，所生成的时程的相位也是时频非平稳的，并在相位调整中识别了相位谱增量符号以加速迭代收敛进程. 最后根据统计回归的目标渐进谱模型和本文提出的拟合目标渐进谱的方法，可生成不同震级、距离条件下的幅值和频率均非平稳的地震加速度时程.      

Earthquake accelerogram simulation with statistical law of evolutionary power spectrum

By using the technique for evolutionary power spectrum proposed by Nakayama and with reference to the Kameda formula, an evolutionary spectrum prediction model for given earthquake magnitude and distance is established based on the 80 near-source acceleration records at rock surface with large magnitude from the ground motion database of western U.S.. Then a new iteration method is developed for generation of random accelerograms non-stationary both in amplitude and frequency which are compatible with target evolutionary spectrum. The phase spectra of those simulated accelerograms are also non-stationary in time and frequency domains since the interaction between amplitude and phase angle has been considered during the generation. Furthermore, the sign of the phase spectrum increment is identified to accelerate the iteration. With the proposed statistical model for predicting evolutionary power spectra and the new method for generating compatible time history, the artificial random earthquake accelerograms non-stationary both in amplitude and frequency for certain magnitude and distance can be provided.     

Correction of highly noisy strong motion records using a modified wavelet de-noising method

During the past earthquakes, many valuable acceleration time histories were recorded by analog and digital accelerometers. These records are important sources of information in the field of earthquake engineering and engineering seismology. However, a large number of these records are contaminated by noise and it is necessary to correct them for practical applications. On the other hand, only a few records can be corrected using conventional filtering because of mathematical limitations of the method. However, advances in the field of time–frequency analysis and wavelet transform theory provide useful non-linear and adaptive de-noising methods for removing of non-stationary and high-energy noise from the recorded signals. In this paper, the characteristics and capabilities of the modified non-linear adaptive wavelet de-noising method are examined for correction of highly noisy strong motion records. In the frequency domain, it is shown that this method can attenuate the noise in the whole frequency range of engineering interest while in the time domain it can detect and remove non-stationary noise. In addition, the displacement response spectra of these wavelet de-noised records are more stable than conventional filtered records with respect to different correction functions. It is found that a large number of noisy acceleration records that are usually discarded from sets of records used for estimating the ground motions can be corrected using this new method.     

A probabilistic approach for estimating the seismic response of elasto‐plastic SDOF systems

The seismic response of elasto‐plastic structures to both recorded and generated accelerograms is characterized by a large scattering of the results, even for accelerograms with similar peak ground acceleration values and frequency content. According to current code recommendations a design value of the seismic response of an elasto‐plastic structure can be computed as the mean of the responses to a certain number of spectrum‐fitting generated accelerograms. A more effective probabilistic approach is presented herein. It allows the analyst to calculate a design value of the seismic response characterized by a predefined non‐exceedance probability using a limited number of generated accelerograms. The results of the performed analyses are presented in diagrams that can be used for structural design applications. The applicability of the proposed method is demonstrated in the case of an elasto‐plastic structural system and the results are compared with those obtained applying current code recommendations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

强震记录仪器响应失真校正的权函数方法—时域离散序列数值分析方法与应用研究之二

简要评述了现有强震记录仪器响应失真校正方法的优点和存在的不足。在文献[1]的基础上，提出了对强震记录进行仪器响应失真校正的权函数方法，并推导建立了相应的计算公式。通过设计真实地震动为已知的算例，对加速度摆和速度摆强震仪的未校正记录，和用不同方法获得的校正记录的精度（或误差）进行了对比分析。理论和算例分析表明，本文方法简单、实用，具有很高的计算机精度且无稳定性问题。     

Simulation and generation of spectrum-compatible ground motions based on wavelet packet method

This paper deals with the problem of generating spectrum-compatible artificial accelerograms for seismic dynamic analysis of engineering projects. A wavelet-packet-based, two-step procedure for the issue is proposed. The first step is to generate acceleration time history that could account for temporal and frequency non-stationarities of recorded ground motions. The second step is to decompose it into a desired number of wavelet packet vectors with high frequency resolution and non-overlapping frequency contents. Then each wavelet packet vector is scaled suitably and iteratively for the response spectrum of the simulated accelerogram to fit a specified design spectrum. The advantages of this procedure are that it can simulate user-specified acceleration time history with only 6 input parameters and the adjusted accelerogram has similar characteristics to the recorded one. The proposed procedure has been illustrated by simulating and modifying acceleration time history that are compatible with two different design spectrums for nuclear power plants. In addition, iterative efficiency of the method is investigated by simulating and adjusting acceleration time history for 100 successive times. The maximum relative error of the 76 period control points can reach 6% or below. Results show that the proposed method is effective and practical to generate and find spectrum-compatible ground motions with both stochastic and deterministic aspects.     

基于小波变换的拟合规范反应谱多维地震动模拟

本文提出一种基于小波变换的拟合规范反应谱的多维地震动模拟算法。首先将规范反应谱推广到三维相关设计反应谱,然后将已有的三维地震动加速度时间历程曲线分解为一系列不同频段上的地震动分量,调整每一个地震动分量的幅值使其在相应的频率范围内拟合设计反应谱,最后经过调整后的地震动分量进行重构得到更新的地震动时间历程曲线。将该时间历程曲线的反应谱与目标反应谱进行比较,重复该过程直到误差位于特定的范围内。该方法可以保留原始地震动的局部时-频特性,为多维地震动的模拟提供了一种新的方法。     

Near-source ground motion attenuation relationship for PGA and PSA of the vertical and horizontal components

In this paper, empirical ground-motion models for the vertical and average horizontal components of peak ground-motion and acceleration response spectra from shallow crustal earthquakes are derived using near-source database. These attenuation relationships were derived using a worldwide dataset consisted of corrected and processed accelerograms of 678 strong-motion records recorded with 60 km of the rupture plane of earthquakes between M_w 5.2 and 7.9. Ground motion models are functions of earthquake mechanism, distance from source to site, local average shear wave velocity, nonlinear soil response, sediment depth, depth-to-top of the rupture, hanging wall effects and faulting mechanism.     

2013年乌鲁木齐MS5.6和MS5.1地震强地震动模拟研究

利用基于动力学拐角频率的随机有限断层法,针对2013年3月29日和8月30日乌鲁木齐发生的M_S5.6和M_S5.1两次地震,选择不同机构的震源参数对23个台站的45条强震记录进行强地震动模拟,对比分析加速度时程和反应谱,并计算模型偏差.通过与实际场点记录进行对比的结果显示:选取的不同机构震源参数模型得到的模拟加速度时程在持时和形状上与实际记录有一定差距,对于近震源的台站,模拟结果的峰值加速度(PGA)比观测结果小,对于稍远的台站,结果基本能够保持一致;而加速度反应谱,模拟结果与观测结果具有较好一致性; 随机有限断层模型的误差在±0.5以内,拟合效果较好,而且高频段的拟合效果要好于低频段;采用不同机构震源参数模型得到的模拟结果与观测结果得到的PGA分布特征较为一致,但模拟结果的峰值加速度要低于观测结果.