广西风化氧化锰矿矿床类型划分

广西氧化锰矿在全国占有重要地位。长期以来，广西氧化锰矿矿床类型的划分只有三大类，即锰帽型、淋积型及堆积型。作者在上述三大类的基础上，结合矿床成因，划分为三类七型，即残积类－锰帽型；淋积类－淋积型和淋积－堆积型；堆积类－丘陵坡地型、岩溶洼地水平迁移型、岩溶洼地原地坠积型及球粒－堆积型。这一划分，反映了广西独特的地理环境及气候条件，具有地方特色。     

冲湖积平原水源地的水文勘测

本文系统地阐述了冲湖积平原水源地水文勘测工作方法及要求，结合小杨庄水源地指出了水文勘测工作的重要性。     

辽宁青城子矿田浊积岩型金银多金属矿床

辽宁东部赋存大面积的浊积岩，在浊积岩建造中产有铅锌矿床。近年来在青城子地区除发现铅锌矿床之外还发现了大型的金、银矿床。本文对典型的浊积岩型金、银多金属矿床进行了初步研究，概述了浊积岩型矿床的成因，认为辽宁东部原辽河群是浊积岩型矿床产出的有利场所，在浊积岩发育区进行找矿将能取得较大的突破。     

左江流域龙州段底积物重金属含量来源分析与生态风险评价

文章对左江流域龙州段28件底积物中8种重金属含量的空间分布特征、来源、影响因素进行了分析及生态风险评估。研究发现其平均含量略高于西南五省(区、市)(四川省、贵州省、云南省、西藏自治区、重庆市)水系背景值,但低于全球淡水沉积物环境质量标准和龙州土壤背景值。其中,元素Cr、Zn含量相对较高,而Cd元素和Hg元素含量较低。Hakanson生态风险指数法评价结果表明,龙州流域28件底积物样品重金属含量属于低生态风险等级。皮尔斯相关分析和主成分分析表明,龙州流域底积物中重金属含量主要来源于碳酸盐岩的风化贡献,且受有机碳含量的影响。     

积屑瘤和鳞刺问题的理论探析

应用位错理论和摩擦磨损原理对积屑瘤和鳞刺的形成机理进行探讨，并对它们的消长规律作了理论上的解释，认为积屑瘤和鳞刺的形成及其变化与材料的强度－温度特性和位错行为有关，揭示了积屑瘤受前刀面摩擦挤压作用和切削温度影响的本质，确立了鳞刺形成的四个阶段及其机理，强调了后刀面摩擦挤压作用对鳞刺的影响。     

积屑瘤和鳞刺问题的理论探析

应用位错理论和摩擦磨损原理对积屑瘤和鳞刺的形成机理进行探讨，并对它们的消长规律作了理论上的解释。认为积屑瘤和鳞刺的形成及其变化与材料的强度－温度特性和位错行为有关，揭示了积屑瘤受前刀面摩擦挤压作用和切削温度影响的本质，确立了鳞刺形成的四个阶段（空洞形成、裂纹形成、裂纹扩展、拉裂）及其机理，强调了后刀面摩擦挤压作用对鳞刺的影响。     

塔里木盆地北部高频前积层序的发现及其意义

在塔里木盆地北部的层序地层研究中，在寒武系、石炭系等许多层位的地震剖面上，发现了一系列高频前积层序。以塔里木盆地北部寒武系为例，探讨其中高频前积层序的主要特征。由于这些高频前积层序形成在相似的沉积背景条件下，故每一高频前积层序的内部结构和沉积特征基本一致。高频前积层序的发现使传统地层对比中的某些基本地色质概念需要修正，在地层对比性认识论和方法论上，得到了新的理论指导。     

积石峡水库移民工作滞缓的背后

春分时节，记者沿着循化撒拉族自治县积石峡走了一圈，想了解一下积石峡水电移民工作的进展情况。在积石峡规划水库淹没区，随处都可以见到河滩、山坡上栽树的村民，公路上经过的手扶拖拉机，拉着高高的一车车树苗。就是公路边的一点空地，甚至连一些陡峭的斜坡上，一些荒地上，也栽上了各种果树树苗。     

地震沉积学在滨南浊积砂岩区的研究及应用

运用地震沉积学的理论,使用90°相位转换和地层切片等关键技术,结合钻测井资料,对滨南地区滨682井区古近纪沙河街组3个层序的砂体分布特征和沉积体系进行了精细研究。结果表明,该区东部和东南部浊积砂体较为发育。层序I早期浊积砂体分布面积较大,中期和晚期面积较小;层序Ⅱ早期和晚期浊积砂体分布范围较大,中期很小;层序Ⅲ主要分布在南部地区。证明该方法不但简单,而且减少了穿时问题,适合楔形沉积层序的分析研究。     

铁岭凡河地区元古宙地层格架建立初探

铁岭凡河地区元古宙地层始于凡河元古宙坳拉谷沉积，根据岩石地层学、生物地层学、年代地层学等研究成果，结合现代层序地层学理论，自下而上划分六个层序，即关门山层序，虎头岭层序、二道沟层序、石门层序、杨士屯层序、于北沟层序。每个层序仅由海侵体系域和高水位体系域组成，分别代表海侵退积地层结构和海退进积地层结构，而中间饥饿段则以加积为主。各层序间均为不整合，其类型包括海岸暴露带和海侵面。在此基础上，建立了区域地层格架。     

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?????????????????￡????ú?????????GPS Block IIR??M??????????????????????о??????????GM(1??1)??AR(p)??????????1???????????????1 ns????????10??????????????10 ns??????????????ζ??????GM??1??1???????????????????????IGS(the International GPS Service for Geodynamics)??????????7 ns??????     

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in intron 1 and intron 2 of Larimichthys crocea growth hormone gene are correlated with growth traits

The growth hormone gene (GH) affects animal growth and is a potential target for genetic studies of variation related to growth traits. In this study, we analyzed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in GH intron regions and their associations with growth traits in large yellow croaker, Larimichthys crocea, from Zhejiang and Fujian stocks. The results of PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism showed two haplotypes of intron 1, named AA and AB genotypes, in Zhejiang stock. AB exhibited an SNP at position 196 (G A) that was negatively correlated with body height and positively correlated with standard length/body height (P 0.05). Two different genotypes, CC and CD, were identified in intron 2 in Fujian stock, with CD showing an SNP at position 692 (T C). The CD genotype had a significantly positive correlation with both weight and total length (P 0.01). These basic data highlight the potential for using GH as a genetic marker of fish growth in marker assisted selection.     

约束总体最小二乘在点云拼接中的应用

在两站点云拼接的大角度空间直角坐标转换问题中,由于拟合靶标球心坐标值在两套扫描测站坐标系下均存在误差,提出基于约束总体最小二乘的点云拼接方法,建立附有约束条件的变量中的误差模型,对观测向量和系数阵同时进行修改。经算例证明,与传统的约束最小二乘法相比,可得到更加合理的模型和更高精度的参数解     

Impact of climatic change on sea surface temperature variation in Subei coastal waters,East China

Sea surface temperature （SST） variation in the Subei coastal waters, East China, which is important for the ecological environment of the Yellow Sea where Enteromorphaprolifera blooms frequently, is affected by the East Asian winter monsoon （EAWM）, El Nifio-Southem Oscillation （ENSO）, and Pacific Decadal Oscillation （PDO）. In this study, correlations between climatic events and SST anomalies （SSTA） around the Subei （North Jiangsu Province, East China） Coast from 1981-2012 are analyzed, using empirical orthogonal function （EOF） and correlation analyses. First, a key region was determined by EOF analysis to represent the Subei coastal waters. Then, coherency analyses were performed on this key region. According to the correlation analysis, the EAWM index has a positive correlation with the spring and summer SSTA of the key region. Furthermore, the Nifio3.4 index is negatively correlated with the spring and summer SSTA of the key region 1 year ahead, and the PDO has significant negative coherency with spring SSTA and negative coherency with summer SSTA in the key region 1 year ahead. Overall, PDO exhibits the most significant impact on SSTA of the key region. In the key region, all these factors are correlated more significantly with SSTA in spring than in summer. This suggests that outbreaks ofEnteromorpha prolifera in the Yellow Sea are affected by global climatic changes, especially the PDO.     

The roles of serine protease, intracellular and extracellular phenoloxidase in activation of prophenoloxidase system, and characterization of phenoloxidase from shrimp haemocytes induced by lipopolysaccharide or dopamine

We investigated the effects of lipopolysaccharide(LPS) and dopamine(DA) on the activation of the prophenoloxidase(proPO) system of Litopenaeus vannamei.LPS and DA were shown with a negative dose-dependent effect on hyalne cells(HC),semi-granular cells(SGC),large granular cells(LGC),and total haemocyte count(THC).When haemocytes were treated with LPS or DA,serine proteinase activity and intracellular phenoloxidase(PO) activity were significantly reduced,but extracellular PO activity increased significantly.These findings indicated that the reduction in haemocyte counts was mainly because of the degranulation and activation of the proPO system from semi-granule and large granule cells.The PKC inhibitor,chelerythrine,and the TPK inhibitor,genistein,had an inhibitory effect on extracellular PO activity,while serine proteinase and intracellular PO activity increased.This suggests that the LPS and DA induce the activation of proPO in haemocytes via PKC and TPK-related signaling pathways,but serine proteinase may be activated only by PKC,as the genistein effects were not statistically significant.Electrophoresis analysis revealed that POs induced by LPS or DA have the same molecular mass and high diphenolase activity.Two PO bands at 526 kDa and 272 kDa were observed in PAGE,while in the haemocyte lysate supernatant(HLS),only a 272-kDa band was observed.This band was resolved after SDS-PAGE under non-reducing and reducing conditions into two groups of POs,166 kDa and 126 kDa,and 78.1 kDa and 73.6 kDa,respectively,suggesting that PO in L.vannamei is an oligomer,which may have different compositions intra-and extracellularly.     

Effects of tributyltin （TBT） on enzyme activity and oxidative stress in hepatopancreas and hemolymph of small abalone, Haliotis diversicolor supertexta

We investigated the effect of tributyltin (TBT) exposure on the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity levels of the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and acid and alkaline phosphatase (ACP and AKP) enzymes in the small abalone, Haliotis diversicolor supertexta. We collected samples of the hepatopancreas and hemolymph 2, 6, 24, 48, 96, and 192 h after exposure to 0.35 μg (Sn)/L TBT. In the hepatopancreas, ACP activity was significantly higher in animals exposed to TBT 2, 24, and 96 h post-exposure compared with the control animals. AKP activity was also higher after 2 h, but SOD and CAT activity was unchanged. The concentration of MDA in the hemolymph was significantly higher than the control animals 2 and 6 h post-exposure. In the hemolymph of animals exposed to TBT, ACP activity was significantly lower than in the control animals 192 h post-exposure, whereas AKP activity was significantly lower 2 and 192 h post-exposure. Hemolymph SOD activity and levels of MDA were significantly lower than in the control animals 24 h after exposure but significantly higher after 96 h. Our results demonstrate that exposure to TBT cause rapid changes in ACP and AKP activity as well as altering the concentration of MDA in the hepatopancreas and hemolymph. SOD and CAT do not appear to be involved in the detoxification of TBT in the hepatopancreas of small abalone.     

Deriving Changjiang coastal zone wind from C-band SAR and its application to salinity simulation

Wind plays an important role in hydrodynamic processes such as the expansion of Changjiang （Yangtze） River Diluted Water （CDW）, and shelf circulation in the Changjiang estuary. Thus, it is essential to include wind in the numerical simulation of these phenomena. Synthetic aperture radar （SAR） with high resolution and wide spatial coverage is valuable for measuring spatially inhomogeneous ocean surface wind fields. We have collected 87 ERS-2 SAR images with wind-induced streaks that cover the Cbangjiang coastal area, to verify and improve the validity of wind direction retrieval using the 2D fast Fourier transform method. We then used these wind directions as inputs to derive SAR wind speeds using the C-band model. To demonstrate the applicability of the algorithms, we validated the SAR-retrieved wind fields using QuikSCAT measurements and the atmospheric Weather Research Forecasting model. In general, we found good agreement between the datasets, indicating the reliability and applicability of SAR- retrieved algorithms under different atmospheric conditions. We investigated the main error sources of this process, and conducted sensitivity analyses to estimate the wind speed errors caused by the effect of speckle, uncertainties in wind direction, and inaccuracies in the normalized radar cross section. Finally, we used the SAR-retrieved wind fields to simulate the salinity distribution off the Changjiang estuary. The findings of this study will be valuable for wind resource assessment and the development of future numerical ocean models based on SAR images.     

虚拟GIS数据模型的设计及其主动式面向对象数据库系统的实现

本文首先在分析地学虚拟环境和虚拟地理信息系统的同时 ,指出当前虚拟地理信息系统在数据模型上的不足 ;然后具体介绍了我们设计的虚拟地理信息系统数据模型 ,在该数据模型中通过引入结构对象 ,支持地理数据在空间数据库中的管理和在地学虚拟环境中表达 ;同时介绍了该数据模型基于主动式面向对象数据库的实现 ,并在其支持下的地理对象中引入了对象事件属性 ;最后文中给出系统应用示例图。     

Distribution of dissolved inorganic nitrogen over the continental slope of the Yellow Sea and East China Sea

Based on survey data from April to May 2009, distribution and its influential factors of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) over the continental slopes of the Yellow Sea (YS) and East China Sea (ECS) are discussed. Influenced by the Changjiang (Yangtze) River water, alongshore currents, and the Kuroshio current off the coast, DIN concentrations were higher in the Changjiang River estuary, but lower (<1 μmol/L) in the northern and eastern YS and outer continental shelf area of the ECS. In the YS, the thermocline formed in spring, and a cold-water mass with higher DIN concentration (about 11 μmol/L) formed in benthonic water around 123.2°E. In Changjiang estuary (around 123°E, 32°N), DIN concentration was higher in the 10 m layer; however, the bottom DIN concentration was lower, possibly influenced by mixing of the Taiwan Warm Current and offshore currents.