用“矿物学填图”研究湖南漠滨型脉金矿床

本文根据找矿矿物学,矿物学填图的基本原理和方法对漠滨贫硫化物型脉金矿床进行矿物学填图研究,同时对矿物包体、矿物组合及自然金成色作测定,编制了漠滨金矿区PD265-390中段矿物量分布图,反映出漠滨金矿有一定分带性.区域内此类矿床可分为不同亚类,为找矿预测提供了一定依据.     

区域—找矿矿物学及其研究意义

矿物学是地质科学的重要分支学科,也是地质找矿工作中最基础的工作之一。随着现代实验测试技术的飞速发展,矿物学的研究已经从研究矿物外部特征、化学成分、基本结构等描述矿物学阶段,进入到研究矿物矿物学是地质科学的重要分支学科,也是地质找矿工作中最基础的工作之一。随着现代实验测试技术的飞速发展,矿物学的研究已经从研究矿物外部特征、化学成分、基本结构等描述矿物学阶段,进入到研究矿物     

云母类粘土矿物的研究及其地质意义

云母类粘土矿物的研究及其地质意义刘云（中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所，江苏南京，２１０００８）关键词云母类粘土矿物，红外谱线变化，矿物学研究，地质意义铝二八面体云母类粘土矿物是蒙脱石一伊利石、蒙脱石混层一伊利石系列的一个过渡型矿物，在沉积岩中广泛分布...     

一种罕见的畜结石的矿物学研究

本文通过一种罕见畜结石的矿物学研究，阐明了这的矿物组成，并探讨了畜结石的成因及其矿物的相转变过程。在对畜结石进行矿物学研究的基础上，讨论了地质作用过程中碳酸盐岩石，特别是方解石矿物的形成过程。     

《岩石矿物学杂志》征订征稿启事

《岩石矿物学杂志》是由中国地质学会岩石学专业委员会、矿物学专业委员会、中国地质科学院地质研究所联合主办的学术性期刊,属地质类全国中文核心期刊,主要报道内容包括:岩石学领域的专题性或区域性岩浆岩、变质岩、沉积岩的岩类学、岩理学、实验岩石学、宇宙岩石学、工艺岩石学等方面的基础理论和应用研究成果;矿物学领域的描述矿物学、理论矿物学、材料矿物学、应用矿物学、宝玉石矿物学、环境矿物学、矿物药学、矿相学、新矿物及矿物中包裹体等方面的研究成果;与岩石学、矿物学有关的边缘交叉学科中的构造岩石学、岩石大地构造学、岩石…     

硫化物矿物电子探针能谱快速定量分析

电子探针在地质普查对找矿、矿床成因与评价以及矿产综合利用等方面的研究中，均会碰到大量的硫化物矿物的分析测试任务。在能谱定量分析方法的基础上新开发出矿物能谱快速定量分析方法，建立了数十硫化物矿物能谱谱库，并编制了矿物自动检索和拟合的计算机程序。该方法提高了矿物定量分析精度，缩短了分析时间，保证了生产、科研任务的顺利完成。     

矿物学环境属性概论

<正>矿物学是一门古老的自然学科,与生物学一起共同构筑了自然界最基本的天然物质科学。目前,古老的矿物概念发生了新的变化。过去一直认为矿物是在各种地质作用下形成的天然单质或化合物,其本质是地质作用的产物,矿物形成作用被限定于岩石圈范围内。如今认为,矿物是在各种自然作用中形成的天然单质或化合物(鲁安怀,2007),这种自然作用既包括地质作用,还包括地球表层多个圈层交互作用过程中形成矿物的天然作用。正是由于现代矿物学研究范畴不似传统矿物学研究仅限于岩石圈,而是更多关注     

矿物学发展的趋势——第28届国际地质大会侧记

国际矿物协会在28届国际地质大会期间共组织了8个专题学术讨论会,即应用矿物学、矿物谱学和热力学、流体包裹体、矿物物理、高压矿物学、矿物反应动力学、地质科学中的同步辐射、矿物的微结构。此外,还与兄弟协会联合组织了“变质作用和地质力学”及“陨石、小行星、彗星和宇宙尘”两个专题讨论会。本文重点介绍高压矿物学、地质科学中的同     

《矿物学报》征稿简则

1 .简介《矿物学报》是我国唯一的矿物学专业核心期刊 ,季刊 ,国内外公开发行。本刊主要报道矿物学及相关学科的高水平研究成果 ,矿物学科学研究的现状综述和动态分析 ,以及国内外矿物学界重大事件和重要信息等 ,旨在及时反映矿物学科学研究的最新成果和动向 ,推动国内外矿物学工作者之间学术思想和科研成果的交流 ,促进我国矿物学事业的发展 ,加速矿物学研究成果的应用。2 .征稿内容包括新矿物的发现与研究 ,矿物命名、分类 ,矿物组成、结构、性质、形成条件及其相互关系的研究 ,矿物变化与地质作用 ,矿物与成矿作用 ,矿物与环境 ,矿物合成…     

新书要览

系统矿物学(下册) 王濮潘兆橹等编著地质出版社,1987.2.734P 至此,全书三册全部出齐,该书编入1979年底以前国内外所发表的矿物2565种。本册为各类氧的化合物和卤化物矿物各论。附录编入了1979年底以前发表的陨石和月岩矿物77种。同时对矿物种做了系统的晶体化学分类,综述体系中的矿物类、亚类和部分矿物族。特别是反映了我国的研究成果。为我国矿物学界首次的全面系统的一部编著。     

贵州燃煤型地方性砷中毒地区煤的矿物组成

采用低温灰化（LTA）和X衍射粉晶分析（XRD）,结合带X光能谱的扫描电子显微镜（SEM—EDX）等方法研究了贵州燃煤型地方性砷中毒地区煤的矿物组成,计算了各矿物的相对含量,初步探讨了煤中主要的含砷矿物。      

矿物材料的概念与本质

回顾20余年来我国矿物材料概念的研究与发展历程,矿物材料的概念与本质一直是矿物材料学的基本问题和研究热点之一。通过对国内有代表性观点的讨论与分析,并结合多年的教学科研实践经验,提出“矿物材料是以矿物为主要或重要组分的材料”的定义。在矿物材料中,矿物是集材料的组成与结构于一体的基元组分,不仅主要或重要组分是矿物,而且主要或重要物理、化学性能及使用效能也源于矿物。因此,矿物材料是以矿物为本质特征的材料。从矿物材料与其他材料关系看,尽管与无机非金属材料存在一定的交叉领域,但它并不简单等同于无机非金属材料,而是与无机非金属材料、金属材料和高分子材料等既有密切联系又有明显区别,具有自己特色和相对独立的一大类材料。     

Mineralogy and major-element geochemistry of the lower Permian Greta Seam,Sydney Basin,Australia

The mineralogy of the high-volatile bituminous coals and associated strata from the Greta seam, Sydney Basin, Australia, has been evaluated in this study. Although the seam is not immediately overlain by marine strata, percolation of marine water into the original peat bed is indicated by the petrological, mineralogical and geochemical characteristics, which resemble those of coals with marine roof strata. The upper and lower sections of the seam have contrasting mineralogy. Pyrite typically comprises 40 to 56 wt% of the mineral assemblage in the marine-influenced upper part of the seam section. The lower part contains much less pyrite (typically <5 wt%, organic-free basis), and also relatively abundant dawsonite (up to 14 wt%, organic-free basis). The minerals within most coal plies are largely of authigenic origin. These include pyrite, siderite, clay minerals (mainly kaolinite and Na-rich mixed-layer illite/smectite), and quartz, most of which have a relatively early, syngenetic origin. Minor Ti-bearing minerals, anatase or rutile, and phosphate minerals, fluorapatite and goyazite, were probably also formed during early diagenesis. Other minerals have features that indicate late-stage precipitation. These include abundant cleat- and fracture-filling dawsonite, which may be the result of reactions between earlier-precipitated kaolinite and Na₂CO₃- or NaHCO₃-bearing fluids. Minor albite may also be epigenetic, possibly precipitated from the same Ca–Al bearing fluids that formed the dawsonite. The most abundant detrital minerals in the Greta coals are quartz, poorly ordered kaolinite, illite and mixed-layer illite/smectite (I/S). These occur mainly in the floor, roof and other epiclastic horizons of the seam, reflecting periods of greater clastic influx into those parts of the original peat-forming environment. Detrital minerals are rare in the coals away from the epiclastic horizons, probably owing to almost complete sediment bypassing in the depositional system. Alternatively, any detrital minerals that were originally present may have been leached from the peat bed by diagenetic or post-diagenetic processes.     

环境矿物材料在土壤、水体、大气污染治理中的利用

本文在简要阐明了环境矿物材料对污染物的净化机理与净化功能的基础上,明确了环境矿物材料的应用领域,重点展望了在土壤重金属污染防治、地表水和地下水水质改善及燃煤固硫除尘等三类状态污染控制与环境保护领域中应用的前景。认为经济、简便、有效地用于污染治理与环境修复的无机界矿物学方法类似于有机界生物学方法,均是自然界地球系统中天然自净化作用的反映。     

几个独立银矿床矿物学研究

独立银矿床是近十多年来新发现的矿床类型,因而对银的赋存状态、银的矿物学方面的研究相对较为薄弱。而这方面的研究对独立银矿床的开发利用是至关重要的。对内蒙古额仁陶勒盖、吉林山门和江西虎家尖三个矿床的研究发现,独立银矿床中的银主要以银独立矿物形式存在,三个矿床银矿物的种类占自然界已发现银矿物的２０％,主要包括银的复杂硫盐。硫化物、自然元素、金属互化物、硒化物及卤化物、矿物组合表现出了低成矿的特点。     

Non-destructive characterization of coal samples from China using microfocus X-ray computed tomography

This paper demonstrates capabilities of microfocus X-ray computed tomography (µCT) in characterizing the development of coal porosity and fractures. For the investigated coals, the CT number of minerals, pores and coal matrix are approximately 3000, < 600 and 1000–1600 Hounsfield unit (HU), respectively. The total CT number of analyzed coals mainly relate to the density, coal maceral composition, and proportion of minerals and pores. Although the estimated porosities by segmentation method show some uncertainty, the results correlate well with the analyzed porosities by helium gas method and water-saturated method. The aperture, spacing and spatial distribution of fractures, and mineral morphology are semi-quantitatively evaluated by µCT using a computer-aided design. The slicing analyses of coals demonstrated that distributions of porosity in coals are highly anisotropic. The spatial disposition of pores, fractures and minerals is the most important factor that influences coal porosity and permeability. In spite of the limitation of low spatial resolution (70 μm) and some ring artifacts of X-ray, µCT has major advantages in non-destructive detection and 3D visualized characterization of pores, fractures and minerals compared to traditional methods.     

Mineral matter and trace elements in coals of the Gunnedah Basin, New South Wales, Australia

The concentrations of major and trace inorganic elements in a succession of Permian coals from the Gunnedah Basin, New South Wales, have been determined by X-ray fluorescence techniques applied to both whole-coal and high-temperature ash samples. The results have been evaluated in the light of quantitative data on the minerals in the same coals, determined from X-ray diffraction study of whole-coal samples using a Rietveld-based interpretation program ( ™), to determine relationships of the trace elements in the coals to the mineral species present. Comparison of the chemical composition of the coal ash interpreted from the quantitative mineralogical study to the actual ash composition determined by XRF analysis shows a high degree of consistency, confirming the validity of the XRD interpretations for the Gunnedah Basin materials. Quartz, illite and other minerals of detrital origin dominate the coals in the upper part of the sequence, whereas authigenic kaolinite is abundant in coals from the lower part of the Permian succession. These minerals are all reduced in abundance, however, and pyrite is a dominant constituent, in coals formed under marine influence at several stratigraphic levels. Calcite and dolomite occur as cleat and fracture infillings, mostly in seams near the top and bottom of the sequence. The potassium-bearing minerals in the detrital fraction are associated with significant concentrations of rubidium, and the authigenic kaolinite with relatively high proportions of titanium. Zirconium is also abundant, with associated P and Hf, in the Gunnedah Basin coal seams. Relationships exhibited by Ti, Zr, Nd and Y are consistent with derivation of the original sediment admixed with the seams from an acid volcanic source. Pyrite in the coals is associated with high concentrations of arsenic and minor proportions of thallium; no other element commonly associated with sulphides in coals, however, appears to occur in significant proportions with the pyrite in the sample suite. Small concentrations of Cl present in the coal are inversely related to the pyrite content, and appear to represent ion-exchange components associated with the organic matter. Strontium and barium are strongly associated with the cleat-filling carbonate minerals. Ge and Ga appear to be related to each other and to the coal's organic matter. Cr and V are also related to each other, as are Ce, La, Nd and Pr, but none of these show any relationship to the organic matter or a particular mineral component.     

金矿自然重砂矿物组合规律及其找矿指示意义

对云南、海南、江西、湖北、河南、新疆、浙江、山东、辽宁等27个省185个典型金矿床的自然重砂矿物进行统计分析,发现自然重砂矿物对金矿具有良好的响应,自然金、黄铁矿、方铅矿、黄铜矿、白铅矿、辰砂等对寻找金矿具有指示意义。不同成因类型的金矿床反映出的自然重砂矿物组合不同,斑岩型金矿床的标型指示矿物组合为自然金+黄铁矿+方铅矿+重晶石+闪锌矿+白铅矿+金红石,卡林型—类卡林型金矿床的标型指示矿物组合为自然金+黄铁矿+方铅矿+辉锑矿+毒砂+雄(雌)黄,而造山型+矽卡岩型+热液型+构造蚀变岩型金矿床的标型指示矿物组合为自然金+黄铁矿+方铅矿+辰砂。不同区域的金矿床反映出的自然重砂矿物组合也各有差异,闪锌矿为南方各省金矿床的特征矿物,辰砂和白钨矿为北方地区金矿床的特征矿物,重晶石和白铅矿为西部地区金矿的特征矿物。综合研究认为,自然重砂具有直接找矿和指导找矿的作用,按照特定成因类型和区域金矿床所建立的自然重砂矿物组合对建立矿床找矿模型具有重要的意义。     

Natural mineral photoelectric effect: mineral non-classical photosynthesis

Under the ever-present solar radiation, photosynthetic organisms on Earth evolved structurally-sophisticated photosynthetic systems. However, little attention has been paid to the inherent impact of sunlight illumination on the inorganic minerals widespread on the Earth surface. We discovered for the first time the solar energy conversion system of the “mineral coatings” on the Earth's surface (aka“mineral membrane”), which exerts potential oxygen-production and carbon-sequestration functions on the Earth surface. Our finding shed a light on the photoelectric effect and non-classical photosynthesis involving natural semiconducting minerals. In this contribution, we studied the semiconducting property and photoelectron energy of typical minerals in the “mineral membrane”, focusing primarily on the photoelectric effect in and oxygen-production/carbon-sequestration function of ferromanganese oxides, as well as relevant geological records. We propose that birnessite, goethite and hematite, the semiconducting minerals commonly found in the “mineral membrane”, can perform sensitive and stable photon-to-electron conversion under solar radiation. The non-classical mineral photosynthetic function we put forth is as follows: Solar energy utilization by inorganic minerals resembles photosynthesis in regarding to oxygen evolution and carbon fixing, and the “mineral membrane” may take part in both photocatalytic water-oxidation reaction and transformation of atmospheric CO₂into marine carbonate. In addition, minerals might as well have promoted photosynthesis in photosynthetic organisms. During the water-oxidation reaction, the inorganic cluster Mn₄CaO₅of photosystem II cycles through redox intermediates that are analogous to birnessite both in structure and component. Thus, it is fair to postulate that birnessites could play a role in the initiation of the photosynthesis in cyanobacteria, as minerals could weaken the hydrogen bond strength and alter water properties, thus facilitating water oxidation and photosynthesis. This observation offers further insights into the molecular mechanism of mineral participation in photosynthesis in photosynthetic organisms.     

中国自然重砂分布特征及其意义

通过全国资源潜力评价,结合各省自然重砂资料和全国重砂资料汇总成果,对85个常见自然重砂矿物进行统计分析。研究表明,中国自然重砂矿物复杂多样,重砂矿物分布具有明显的区域性特点。造山带中自然重砂矿物产出数量相对较多且密度较大,而稳定地区重砂矿物相对较少。不同的自然重砂矿物及其组合具有明显的找矿信息,单矿物自然重砂可能来源于相对单一的矿石或岩石,其异常范围表明与其相关的矿产可能具有较好的成矿远景;矿物组合常显示出有关矿床的成因信息。自然重砂矿物与源区岩石或矿石具有密切的成因联系,对指导矿产勘查与研究具有十分重要的意义。