东海陆架盆地西部坳陷带中生界分布特征及其有利区探讨

对东海陆架盆地西部坳陷带中生界分布特征及其油气勘探方向的研究认为：研究区中生界分布广、厚度大,主要沉积在南部地区,最大厚度超过6 000 m,除凹陷内有分布外,隆起区也有分布。白垩系主要发育在长江凹陷、海礁低凸起、瓯江凹陷、闽江凹陷和台北低凸起地区;侏罗系主要发育在闽江凹陷。闽江凹陷的中生界厚度大,烃源岩条件好,局部构造圈闭发育,既有区域性盖层又有局部盖层,生储盖条件优越。因此,闽江凹陷是东海陆架盆地西部坳陷带油气勘探前景最好的区域。     

尼泊尔西部代莱克(Dailekh)地区石油地质条件分析

分析尼泊尔石油地质条件对于促进尼泊尔油气的勘探开发有重要意义。本文通过全面搜集尼泊尔油气地质及相关资料,结合实地考察和部分样品分析结果,报道了尼泊尔区域地质特征、油气勘探现状、区域构造特征和地层发育特征;分析了Dailekh地区出露的油气苗特征、烃源条件、生储盖和油气圈闭条件,认为Dailekh地区发育四套烃源岩层,多个生储盖组合,具有较好的油气勘探前景;油气苗为高成熟烃源岩裂解的产物,可能来自变质岩推覆体下伏沉积岩层;断层和逆冲相关的背斜、突起构造和倾斜断块等是找油气的重要构造。     

中国北方石炭系—二叠系油气地质调查与勘探进展

近10年来,中国北方(天山-兴蒙构造带)以石炭系—二叠系为目的层的油气基础地质调查在地层划分对比、层序地层、沉积充填与沉积体系、构造改造等基础地质领域,以及石炭系—二叠系烃源岩评价等石油地质领域取得了一系列新认识。天山-兴蒙构造带发育石炭纪—二叠纪与中生代2期叠合盆地,其中中生代盆地群是在未变质的石炭系—二叠系之上发育的上叠盆地。盆地内部及周缘地质体均发现了石炭系—二叠系良好烃源岩。准噶尔、三塘湖、吐哈、银额等盆地以石炭系—二叠系为目的层的油气调查与勘探不断取得新的发现与突破,二连、松辽等盆地相继获得了石炭系—二叠系油气赋存信息。中国北方石炭系—二叠系具有良好的油气地质条件与资源前景,有望成为油气勘探的战略接替新领域。     

东海陆架油气勘探的新领域

基于东海陆架区的物探、化探和钻井等方面资料分析了陆架的地层结构和构造特征。东海陆架盆地具有叠合复式盆地的特征。新生代含油气盆地之下叠置了中生代和古生代的盆地和含油气层,巨厚的前第三系地层为油气提供了丰富的物质基础。化探资料以及荧光、酸解烃和甲烷等指标表明,在诸如海礁凸起等高构造区有极好的油气异常显示,油气存在于前第三系之中。钻探证明,瓯江凹陷东侧（又称丽水凹陷）的侏罗系中有烃源岩,前古生界的变质岩中有油气显示。因此,海礁凸起、渔山凸起、瓯江凹陷东侧、长江凹陷与西湖凹陷之间以及浙闽隆褶带的前第三系是东海陆架区油气勘探的新领域。     

华北燕山地区中—新元古界油气勘查形势

东西伯利亚、阿曼和中国四川盆地等地中—新元古界油气勘探开发已获成功,表明中—新元古界是一个值得勘查的油气新层系。中国燕山地区中—新元古界烃源岩发育,具有良好的油气勘探前景,前人在该地区进行了调查研究,但尚未取得实质性勘探突破。在总结燕山地区中—新元古界的油气勘查进展、研究烃源岩有机地球化学特征、分析烃源岩生烃潜力和评估资源前景的基础上,提出准确落实中—新元古界构造稳定区、加强油气资源保存条件研究、以页岩气为主的资源勘查等工作建议,为国家油气资源战略选区提供了科学参考。     

东海盆地西湖凹陷黄岩地区油气成藏主控因素及成藏模式

西湖凹陷西次凹黄岩地区渐新统花港组油气资源丰富,是东海陆架盆地勘探开发重要领域,但油气成藏机理复杂。为厘清西次凹花港组油气成藏过程,笔者等通过薄片观察、扫描电镜、流体包裹体、显微测温等实验分析,结合构造演化、埋藏史等,开展了生储盖、成藏期次及成藏过程研究。结果表明,花港组砂岩储层具有良好的储集条件,始新统平湖组发育有效的烃源岩,还具有良好的圈闭条件和保存条件。早期发育的断裂,延深至下部平湖组烃源岩层内,可以作为良好的运移通道,深部超压的发育为油气运移也提供一定的动力。因此建立了“垂向叠置”成藏模式,说明西湖凹陷深层低渗—特低渗致密岩性—构造复合油气藏和深部地层存在异常压力系统内的油气藏的具有良好的勘探前景。     

东海陆坡及邻近槽底天然气水合物成藏条件分析及前景

在西太平洋边缘海中,东海是唯一没有获得天然气水合物样品的边缘海。利用已有的地震资料、海底温度资料等,从沉积物来源、沉积地层厚度、烃源岩条件、沉积速率、海底温度—压力条件等方面对东海水合物成藏条件进行了分析。认为冲绳海槽沉积物源丰富,沉积厚度大,且发育烃源岩地层。冲绳海槽较高的沉积速率主要分布于冲绳海槽槽底沉积中心,以及西部陆坡连接海底峡谷底部的三角洲区域。根据冲绳海槽实测的海底温度数据,整个冲绳海槽地区600m以深的范围都能够满足水合物发育的温度、压力条件。以温度梯度为30℃/km计算,冲绳海槽中水合物稳定域的最大厚度为650m。冲绳海槽盆地中普遍发育的底辟构造、背斜构造等局部构造,以及网格状断裂系统,为烃类气流体的向上及侧向运移创造了有利条件,成为天然气水合物发育的有利区带。根据已经发现的BSR特征来看,东海地区天然气水合物前景广阔。     

东海盆地西湖凹陷黄岩地区油气成藏主控因素及成藏模式

西湖凹陷西次凹黄岩地区渐新统花港组油气资源丰富,是东海陆架盆地勘探开发重要领域,但油气成藏机理复杂。为厘清西次凹花港组油气成藏过程,笔者等通过薄片观察、扫描电镜、流体包裹体、显微测温等实验分析,结合构造演化、埋藏史等,开展了生储盖、成藏期次及成藏过程研究。结果表明,花港组砂岩储层具有良好的储集条件,始新统平湖组发育有效的烃源岩,还具有良好的圈闭条件和保存条件。早期发育的断裂,延深至下部平湖组烃源岩层内,可以作为良好的运移通道,深部超压的发育为油气运移也提供一定的动力。因此建立了“垂向叠置”成藏模式,说明西湖凹陷深层低渗—特低渗致密岩性—构造复合油气藏和深部地层存在异常压力系统内的油气藏的具有良好的勘探前景。     

苏北盆地中—古生界海相烃源岩发育规律及其意义

苏北盆地与南黄海盆地属于同一构造单元,苏北盆地的烃源岩发育规律的研究对南黄海油气勘探具有重要启示意义。在野外地质研究和69个烃源岩实测数据的基础上,结合已有分析化验数据及油气勘探资料,对苏北盆地的中—古生界海相烃源岩厚度分布和地球化学特征进行了分析,结果表明烃源岩整体沿北东向展布,在中—古生界均存在多个烃源岩发育中心,并明显有向南黄海海域延伸的趋势;下古生界普遍比上古生界的热演化程度高,并具有区域不均一性,二叠系的热演化程度相对较低,存在二次生烃的潜力。苏北盆地在中—古生界海相地层烃源岩特征的研究,进一步揭示了南黄海盆地具有良好的油气勘探潜力。     

下扬子地区海相盆地演化及油气勘探选区评价

从晚震旦世开始至中三叠世,下扬子地区沉积了三套巨厚的海相烃源岩系(Z2-O3、C-P、T1).三套烃源岩热演化特点不同,下古生界烃源岩经历了加里东、印支-燕山期构造阶段的热演化(已达过成熟干气阶段);上古生界烃源岩基本处于生油阶段晚期;三叠系大部烃源岩处于成熟生油阶段,少数处于未成熟阶段.区内下古生界烃源岩经历了两次成油过程,即加里东运动前的盆地沉降阶段和加里东运动后晚古生代陆表海沉积阶段.海相油气储盖条件发育,配置有利,经多年油气勘探证实,下古生界油气勘探应立足于苏北地区;上古生界油气勘探除苏北地区外,尚有皖南与浙西地区.中生界海相油气勘探应集中在几个发育较好的中生代盆地,如常州、句容、无为、望江等盆地.     

东海陆架盆地南部中生界分布特征与油气勘探前景

在充分利用前人对东海陆架盆地中生代油气勘探成果的基础上,对最新处理的地震剖面和重磁反演剖面进行了精细解释和综合研究,结合海陆中生界对比结果认为:东海陆架盆地南部中生界分布广、厚度大,平均厚度可达6 000 m,而且具有“东厚西薄、南厚北薄”的特征。侏罗系主要分布在闽江和基隆凹陷,厚度分布稳定,w(TOC)平均值>1.0%;而白垩系在整个陆架盆地南部均有分布,具有向基隆凹陷加厚的趋势,w(TOC)平均值<1.0%。东海陆架盆地南部的基隆凹陷是下一步油气资源战略选区的首选目标,而台北低凸起很可能具有良好的油气远景。     

东海陆架盆地南部油气资源前景与选区

通过开展二维地震资料调查和重处理,结合钻井、重磁、海陆对比等新老资料开展联合解释认为:东海陆架盆地南部中生界具有分布广、厚度大、沉积中心位于东部,新生界则呈现东西厚中间薄,新生代构造单元中的台北凸起、观音凸起和雁荡凸起上均有中生界分布;白垩系较侏罗系分布更为广泛,侏罗系西部边界为雁荡凸起东侧,白垩系西部边界以瓯江凹陷西侧为界;中生界三口钻井分析结果发现了确凿的海相标志,证实了中生界东海陆架盆地发生多次海侵,结合围区沉积特征认为侏罗纪存在南北向和东西向的海侵,白垩纪主要体现为东西向的海侵;研究区中生界发育中下侏罗统、下白垩统两套烃源岩,新生界发育古新统、始新统、渐新统和中新统四套烃源岩,具有较好的油气资源前景。     

Petroleum prospects of Lamu Basin,South-Eastern Kenya

The hydrocarbon potential of the sub-surface Lamu basin (SE Kenya) offshore sedimentary rock sequences of Mesozoic age formed the premise of this study. Major similarities and some differences in structural styles can be seen between the offshore Lamu and the Gondwana basins along the margins of Indian Ocean and Carnarvon basin along Australia’s North West Shelf, where oil pools have been discovered. The existing well results and recent 2-D seismic data have been interpreted to identify various structural styles and play fairway segments, which bolster the possibility that the Karroo to late Tertiary sedimentary mega-sequences (～3000–13000 m thick), suitable for hydrocarbon exploration, could be visualized in both the onshore and offshore Lamu basin areas. Similarly, major reservoir-seal and potential source intervals have been identified in the present study. The hydrocarbon indicator from the well-log data shows that oil potential in complex multiple petroleum systems, ranging in age from Triassic to Tertiary, have tested gas deposits. Well control of only one exploratory well per 25,000 sq km in the offshore Lamu basin shows evidence of the existence of at least two active petroleum systems. The Lamu basin has evolved consequent to a complex tectonic activity related to continental rifting and block faulting of the Lamu-Anza and Central African rift systems. An attempt has been made to recommend the probable prognostic structural leads, which are controlled by NW-SE trending faults sympathetic to the Anza-Lamu rift systems, for future essential sub-surface features of source rocks, reservoir rocks and the cap rocks in the Lamu basin.     

Differential Hydrocarbon Enrichment and its Main Controlling Factors in Depressions of the Bohai Bay Basin

Significant differential hydrocarbon enrichment occurs in depressions in a petroliferous basin. There are multiple depressions in the Bohai Bay Basin, and each depression as a relatively independent unit of hydrocarbon generation, migration and accumulation, contains significantly different hydrocarbon generation conditions and enrichment degree. On the basis of previous documents and a large number of statistical data, this work comparatively analyzed the differential hydrocarbon enrichment and its major controlling factors in depressions of the Bohai Bay Basin. The results show that depressions in the Bohai Bay Basin have various hydrocarbon enrichment degrees, and can be categorized into four types, namely enormously oil-rich, oil-rich, oily and oil-poor depressions. In general, the enormously oil-rich and oil-rich depressions are distributed in the eastern part of the basin along the Tan–Lu and Lan–Liao faults, whereas depressions in the western part of the basin are poor in hydrocarbons. Moreover, the vertical distribution of hydrocarbons is also highly heterogeneous, with Pre-Paleogene strata rich in hydrocarbons in the northern and western depressions, Paleogene strata rich in hydrocarbons in the entire basin, and Neogene strata rich in hydrocarbons in the off-shore areas of the Bohai Bay Basin. From early depressions in onshore areas to the late depressions in offshore areas of the Bohai Bay Basin, the source rocks and source-reservoir-cap rock assemblages gradually become younger and shallower, and the hydrocarbon resource abundance gradually increases. Hydrocarbon supplying condition is the key factor constraining the hydrocarbon enrichment for different depressions, while the main source-reservoir-cap rock assemblage, sufficient hydrocarbons and the transportation capacity of faults control the vertical distribution of hydrocarbons. The main factors controlling hydrocarbon enrichment are different for different layers. The hydrocarbon supplying condition of source rocks is the key controlling factor, whereas the source-reservoir configuration, the main source-reservoir-cap rock assemblages, and the fault transportation are the main factors of hydrocarbon enrichment in the Paleogene, Paleogene and Neogene, respectively.     

Differential Hydrocarbon Enrichment and its Main Controlling Factors in Depressions of the Bohai Bay Basin Differential Hydrocarbon Enrichment and its Main Controlling Factors in Depressions of the Bohai Bay Basin

Significant differential hydrocarbon enrichment occurs in depressions in a petroliferous basin.There are multiple depressions in the Bohai Bay Basin, and each depression as a relatively independent unit of hydrocarbon generation, migration and accumulation, contains significantly different hydrocarbon generation conditions and enrichment degree. On the basis of previous documents and a large number of statistical data, this work comparatively analyzed the differential hydrocarbon enrichment and its major controlling factors in depressions of the Bohai Bay Basin. The results show that depressions in the Bohai Bay Basin have various hydrocarbon enrichment degrees, and can be categorized into four types, namely enormously oil-rich, oil-rich, oily and oil-poor depressions. In general, the enormously oil-rich and oil-rich depressions are distributed in the eastern part of the basin along the Tan-Lu and Lan-Liao faults, whereas depressions in the western part of the basin are poor in hydrocarbons. Moreover, the vertical distribution of hydrocarbons is also highly heterogeneous, with Pre-Paleogene strata rich in hydrocarbons in the northern and western depressions, Paleogene strata rich in hydrocarbons in the entire basin, and Neogene strata rich in hydrocarbons in the off-shore areas of the Bohai Bay Basin. From early depressions in onshore areas to the late depressions in offshore areas of the Bohai Bay Basin, the source rocks and source-reservoir-cap rock assemblages gradually become younger and shallower, and the hydrocarbon resource abundance gradually increases. Hydrocarbon supplying condition is the key factor constraining the hydrocarbon enrichment for different depressions,while the main source-reservoir-cap rock assemblage, sufficient hydrocarbons and the transportation capacity of faults control the vertical distribution of hydrocarbons. The main factors controlling hydrocarbon enrichment are different for different layers. The hydrocarbon supplying condition of source rocks is the key controlling factor, whereas the source-reservoir configuration, the main sourcereservoir-cap rock assemblages, and the fault transportation are the main factors of hydrocarbon enrichment in the Paleogene, Paleogene and Neogene, respectively.     

南黄海海域生储盖层特征及油气远景评价

根据近年来新取得的资料,结合前人的研究成果,对南黄海海域的生储盖层特征进行了综合研究。古生界、中生界海相地层为南黄海海域的主力烃源岩,从构造运动和沉积发育情况分析,将南黄海海域的古生界、中生界海相地层生成油气的成藏过程划分为三叠纪印支运动前、侏罗纪—白垩纪、古近纪和新近纪4个阶段。通过对生储盖层的特征分析,说明南黄海古生界、中生界海相地层油气资源具有开发前景。在对南黄海盆地海相中生界、古生界烃源条件和后期保存条件研究的基础上,预测了盆地内海相油气资源的有利运聚区,为南黄海海域的油气勘探及研究工作提供了依据,对我国新的海上油气开发及部署作出了贡献。     

Characteristics and evaluation of Mesozoic source rocks in the southeastern East China Sea continental shelf

Source rocks are the material basis of oil and gas generation and determine the potential resources of exploration blocks and have important research value. This paper studies the lithology, thickness, and geochemistry of Mesozoic source rocks in the southeastern East China Sea continental shelf. The results show that the Mesozoic source rocks are mainly dark mudstone and coal-bearing strata. The total thickness of Lower–Middle Jurassic source rocks ranges from 100 m to 700 m, and that of Lower Cretaceous source rocks ranges from 50 m to 350 m. The overall thickness of Mesozoic source rocks is distributed in the NE direction and their thickness center is located in the Jilong Depression. The Lower–Middle Jurassic source rocks are mainly developed shallow marine dark mudstone and transitional coal measure strata. Those of the Lower Cretaceous are mainly mudstone of a fan delta front. Lower–Middle Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous hydrocarbon source rocks are dominated by type III kerogen, with Lower–Middle Jurassic hydrocarbon source rocks having high organic matter abundance and being medium–good hydrocarbon source rocks, while Lower Cretaceous hydrocarbon source rocks have relatively poor quality. From northwest to southeast, the vitrinite reflectance Ro of Mesozoic source rocks increases gradually. Source rocks in the study area are divided into three types. The first hydrocarbon-generating area is mainly located in the southeastern region of the study area, and the Jilong Depression is the hydrocarbon-generating center. The results of this study can provide a basis for exploration of Mesozoic oil and gas resources in the southeastern East China Sea continental shelf.© 2019 China Geology Editorial Office.     

基于古地貌和源-汇特征分析的烃源岩评价:以珠江口盆地阳江凹陷为例

近海盆地烃源岩评价是海上油气勘探成败的关键,也是亟待解决的关键科学问题。珠江口盆地阳江凹陷近期实现了油气勘探的重大突破,并展示了该区广阔的勘探前景。但在海上探井井位不足的情况下,仅靠地震资料难以客观地评价烃源岩的生烃潜力。为了进一步明确该区主要生烃层文昌组的生烃潜力,本文首先利用最新的四维层序地层模拟(Bandlands软件)技术,恢复了阳江凹陷古近系沉积期间的古地貌。古地貌恢复预测的古环境特征较好地揭示了文昌组古地貌与沉积体系的对应关系,说明文昌组古地貌背景对烃源岩沉积发育的影响较大。结合沉积体系的研究结果,分析总结了该区文昌组沉积时的源-汇特征,表明该凹陷文昌组早期是烃源岩发育的最有利时期。再结合洼陷古地貌特征、烃源岩的发育程度(主要依据半深湖相的厚度和面积)、与油源断裂的沟通及浅部圈闭的匹配等将各洼陷烃源岩综合划分为优质烃源岩、较好烃源岩和一般烃源岩3个级别:恩平20洼、恩平21洼为优质烃源岩;恩平27洼为较好烃源岩;恩平19洼、阳江24洼等为一般烃源岩。在对烃源岩分布预测的基础上,根据已钻井烃源岩样品的分析化验资料,将实验分析、地质分析与模拟结果相结合,分别对文昌组上段和文昌组下段两套烃源岩的沉积埋藏史、热演化史及生烃史进行综合分析。最后利用Petromod盆地模拟技术模拟了文昌组烃源岩的生烃潜力。模拟结果表明:恩平20、21洼和恩平27洼文昌组下段烃源岩生烃强度大于文昌组上段烃源岩生烃强度,说明文昌组下段烃源岩为生烃潜力最好的层段,且凹陷中东部的恩平20、21洼和南部的恩平27洼为生烃潜力最好的洼陷,具有较好的勘探潜力。这种基于古地貌和源-汇特征分析的烃源岩评价,对近海油气勘探具有重要的指导作用。     

河西走廊地区石炭系—二叠系油气地质条件与含油气前景

对河西走廊地区石炭系—二叠系沉积演化、生烃条件、储集条件、生储盖组合类型和保存条件进行了研究,认为区内石炭系—二叠系具有良好的油气地质条件,是值得重视的油气勘探新层系。研究区早石炭世—早二叠世早期,以浅海相—海陆交互相沉积为主,前黑山组—太原组发育多套暗色泥岩或炭质泥岩为主的烃源岩,有机质含量中等—较高,以Ⅱ~Ⅲ型干酪根为主,烃源岩演化进入成熟—高成熟阶段;储集层以碎屑岩为主,成岩作用强烈,原始粒间孔隙不发育,但不乏溶蚀孔隙较发育的中等—较好的碎屑岩储集层,而且碳酸盐岩也是区内重要的储集层类;中生界为区域盖层,石炭系—二叠系内部的砂泥岩组合构成纵向上的储盖组合;可形成内生连续式、上生下储式、潜山式等多种生储盖组合类型。石炭系—二叠系广泛分布的油气苗或钻井油气显示,为存在油气生成、运移与聚集的过程提供了依据。     

巴西陆上盆地类型及油气地质特征

基于巴西陆上沉积盆地基础地质条件,以石油地质理论为指导,运用分析、类比的方法划分盆地类型,并对各类盆地生储盖组合及油气成藏特征进行了研究。分析认为,南美地台经历复杂的构造演化,在巴西境内形成元古宙叠合、显生宙克拉通和中生代萎缩裂谷3大类盆地。元古宙盆地以地层年代久远、构造演化复杂、烃源岩热演化漫长为特征。显生宙克拉通盆地呈现“先断后坳”的演化特征,主体地层序列形成于古生代,有一套普遍发育且受侵入岩影响的烃源岩。中生代萎缩裂谷盆地基础及油气地质两方面均呈现断陷湖盆的特征。通过对巴西陆上盆地区域演化、类型划分、地层及构造特征、生储盖层和成藏特征等方面的探讨,可为中国海外油气区域优选提供一定参考。