利用MODIS反演长江中游悬浮泥沙含量的初步研究

在众多卫星传感器中,中等分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)数据因其高的时间分辨率和中等的空间分辨率,对于水质研究具有自身的潜力和优越性.选取长江中游主河道武汉至宜昌段为例,利用MODIS 250 m波段数据定量反演了内陆河流悬浮泥沙的质量浓度.研究结果表明,地面实测的悬浮泥沙质量浓度与MODIS1,2波段的反射率组合(R1-R2)/(R1 R2)有很好的相关关系(相关系数 R2=0.72,样品数n=41),基于这种相关性建立了长江中游主河道武汉至宜昌段表层悬浮泥沙的遥感定量反演经验模型.     

河流水体悬浮泥沙遥感研究进展与展望

河流悬浮泥沙动态监测对河道变迁、水利工程安全运行、生态和环境保护等都具有重要的应用价值,利用遥感技术可对大区域河流水体悬浮泥沙进行实时监测。与海洋和湖泊等大面积水体相比,当前对河流悬浮泥沙遥感关注较少,且已有研究主要关注入海河流河口区域。为充分发挥不同时间、空间和光谱分辨率多源卫星遥感资料优势,实现更广泛区域、不同级别河流的悬浮泥沙输运遥感监测,对国内外已发表的关于河流悬浮泥沙卫星遥感的数据源和模型进行了系统归纳,总结出河流悬浮泥沙卫星遥感研究中面临河流遥感反射率高精度提取、悬浮泥沙浓度高精度遥感和基于二维表层悬浮泥沙浓度遥感的三维通量遥感等挑战和难点;在此基础上,从去除邻近效应大气校正、考虑悬浮泥沙粒径分布的浓度遥感和悬浮泥沙输运通量三维遥感3个方面对河流悬浮泥沙遥感监测的未来发展进行了展望。     

基于ASTER数据遥感影像的决策树分类

以黑龙江省北安市为研究区域,尝试利用ASTER视反射率值进行便利、准确的土地利用分类研究。对ASTER数据进行波段相关分析,确定最佳组合波段;然后重点分析转换为视反射率值的影像特征和光谱特征,从中提取各种典型地物的光谱曲线; 并依据提取的光谱曲线建立基于地物反射率值大小关系或阈值的决策树模型,对研究区不同地物类型进行分类,并对结果进行精度评价。应用效果表明,该方法简单有效,但对于混合光谱容易错分。     

南方冬季湿雪的光谱特征分析

使用FieldSpec4便携式地物光谱仪获取了南京地区冬季湿雪的光谱数据, 并从太阳高度角、坡度、坡向、下垫面及混合雪几个方面进行了分析. 结果表明: 积雪的反射率在可见光区变化平稳, 在近红外区下降迅速, 1 020 nm、1 250 nm附近是积雪反射率的吸收区; 湿雪状态下, 太阳高度角增大的同时积雪反射率逐渐降低, 而在水湿雪状态下太阳高度角对反射率影响减弱, 积雪含水率成为其变化的主要影响因素; 积雪反射率随着坡度的增大而增大; 积雪在朝阳坡的反射率远高于背阴坡, 背阴坡积雪反射率在可见光谱区受影响较大; 当积雪厚度达到一定值后下垫面的差异对反射率影响有限, 否则会对反射率产生较大影响; 在可见光波段纯雪反射率最高, 近红外波段植被/积雪混合反射率最高, 林下雪的光谱反射率较低. 南京地区湿雪光谱测量和分析对了解南方湿雪光谱特性和变化规律, 以及对于积雪定量遥感及其参数反演具有重要意义.     

长春市南湖叶绿素a浓度高光谱估测模型研究

利用野外高光谱仪(ASD Field Spec radiometer)在长春南湖进行了反射光谱测量和同步水质采样分析,通过研究水体藻类叶绿素a浓度与其高光谱反射特征之间的相关关系,采用单波段反射率、反射率比值法和一阶微分法分别建立了叶绿素a的高光谱定量模型。结果表明:三者与叶绿素a线性相关程度都比较高,决定系数在0.70左右,而且其显著水平P<0.01,都可以用于叶绿素a的定量遥感,其中单波段模型效果最好。为今后利用高光谱传感器在南湖进行叶绿素a浓度大面积遥感反演提供了研究基础。     

水体中秋兰姆特效降解菌的筛选及其降解性能研究

从某橡胶厂废弃物堆积场采集受秋兰姆污染的土壤中分离出TM₁、TM₂、TM₃ 3株单菌,分别加到一定浓度秋兰姆的模拟水中,通过实验优化出秋兰姆最佳降解条件,得出单菌株TM₁对水样中的秋兰姆降解能力最大。将3株单菌按一定方式混合制成T₁、T₂、T₃、T₄ 4组混菌,用单菌降解秋兰姆的最优条件对4组混菌进行降解性能实验,其中混菌T₁对秋兰姆降解率最高,降解率可达95.77%。     

大气校正方法及其在高光谱影像Hyperion中的应用

利用遥感影像反演地物反射率,大气校正必不可少。对于高光谱影像,其信噪比与多波段遥感影像相比非常低,消除大气的影响显得尤为重要。在大气辐射传输模型Modtran4.0基础上,给出了一种直接、有效的大气校正参数计算方法。结合MODIS/TERRA大气温湿度廓线产品,使用此方法计算了高光谱影像Hyperion大气校正参数,并用于Hyperion影像的部分波段的反射率反演,与卫星过境时地面同步实测的典型地物反射率以及高光谱大气校正软件ACORN的计算结果进行比较,获得了比较好的结果。研究表明,大气辐射传输模型和卫星遥感大气参数产品相结合用于遥感影像的大气校正是可行的。     

东北典型黑土区有机碳遥感定量反演研究

利用多元逐步回归分析法,结合Landsat8 OLI遥感数据对该地区土壤有机碳进行定量反演.试验采集了164个土壤样品,通过3倍标准差准则对样品进行奇异点去除及数据集划分,其中120个样品作为训练集,44个样品作为验证集,建立土壤有机碳的多元逐步回归预测模型.结果表明：有机碳与Landsat8各波段反射率均显著相关;黑土有机碳光谱预测最优模型以倒数为自变量模型最优,决定系数R²=0.180,均方根误差RMSE=0.558,海伦地区适于C_org含量遥感反演,预测模型稳定性好,可以用于揭示黑土典型区C_org含量的空间分布特征.同时认为在不对土壤进行地面光谱测试的情况下,直接采用化学分析数据与遥感卫星相关联的方法预测模型拟合度有限,光谱对有机碳可解释性较低.     

基于Landsat-8数据南海近岸悬浮泥沙与叶绿素a浓度定量反演

为了对南海近岸海域海水悬浮泥沙与叶绿素a进行浓度估算,基于Landsat-8数据确定悬浮泥沙与叶绿素a的敏感波段并构建估算模型。结果表明,Landsat-8数据第一、二、四波段对悬浮泥沙浓度较为敏感,第一、二、三波段对叶绿素a浓度较为敏感,而以上单波段仍不能单独用于准确提取该区悬浮泥沙与叶绿素a,故建立多种形式的统计模型。由第一、二、四波段线性组合形成的悬浮泥沙浓度反演模型的相关系数达到0.904,平均相对误差为10.24%,反演精度为89.76%。由第一、二、三波段线性组合形成的叶绿素a浓度反演模型的相关系数达到0.886,平均相对误差为11.27%,反演精度为88.73%。     

应用MODIS影像估测太湖水体悬浮物浓度

以太湖为研究区域,同步获取悬浮物浓度实测数据、水体反射光谱数据和MODIS卫星影像数据,构建基于中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)的悬浮物遥感估测模型.为了削弱大气效应,对MODIS影像了进行了粗略大气纠正.通过悬浮物特征光谱分析,将MODIS各敏感波段及波段组合与悬浮物浓度实测值进行相关分析,并应用实测光谱数据进行验证.在此基础上,运用回归分析建立半经验反演模型,并对模型进行了评价和应用.研究结果表明,MODIS影像可以很好地对大型内陆湖泊的悬浮物浓度进行遥感估测.250 m波段2 500 m波段4与1 000 m波段14是探测悬浮物的敏感波段.波段组合上,500 m组合因子r4/r3、r4-r3估测悬浮物含量的精度很高,适于构建反演模型;1 000 m波段8、11、131、4的多元组合也是构建模型的较好选择(R2均不低于0.85).     

东中国海表层悬浮体浓度卫星遥感反演研究进展

用卫星遥感手段反演海洋表层悬浮体浓度(Suspended Sediment Concentration,SSC)来研究其分布和输运的方法已经被广泛使用。东中国海属于水文和光学性质较为复杂的二类水体,表层悬浮体浓度的分布规律和水体的固有光学特性时空变化大,增加了遥感研究的难度。在对前人的研究进行比较和总结后发现,根据实测SSC数据对不同区域、不同时间段(季节、潮汐周期)建立分段模型可以提高整体反演精度。在选择参与反演的波段时,河口和近岸等高SSC海域以及远岸低SSC海域有各自不同的最优波段组合。高SSC海域常使用水体反射率第二反射峰、第一反射峰前波段作正比波段组合参与反演,低SSC海域常使用水体反射率第一峰波段作正比、峰前波段作反比参与反演。同时,在反演模型中考虑泥沙粒径的影响可以显著提升反演精度,并且也有可能在浅海区突破现有遥感研究手段的水深限制。目前模型精度评价标准使用较为混乱,平均相对误差、平均绝对误差和均方根误差等可以作为综合精度评价指标,模型的稳定性则可以用误差敏感性分析方法验证。高时空分辨率的海色卫星传感器的出现使得海洋短时间尺度事件的研究成为海色遥感研究的趋势之一。     

In-situ reflectance spectroscopy – analysing techniques for high-resolution pigment logging in sediment cores

The temporal resolution of marine proxy data is limited by analytically required sample size. We present in-situ reflectance spectroscopy techniques (usually applied in remote sensing) to analyse the organic fraction of marine and terrestrial sediment. From absorption band depths, photosynthesis pigment variations are derived for sediments from the upwelling region off Peru, where productivity is related to the annual variability of El Niño strength. Quantitative estimations of diagenetic photosynthesis pigments derived from absorption band analysis in reflectance spectra are highly correlated to organic carbon content. The ratio of pigment fractions is related to chlorine concentration and reflects organic matter preservation and deep-water ventilation changes. The import of terrigenous mineroclastics (TM) by local rivers is semi-quantitatively documented in the spectrum continuum. TM is inversely varying with organic matter preservation and chlorine concentration.     

Remote-sensing inversion model of surface water suspended sediment concentration based on in situ measured spectrum in Hangzhou Bay, China

Suspended sediment concentration (SSC) is an important parameter for monitoring coastal water quality. Suspended particles are also the main optically active substances for ocean color remote sensing. It is important to study the surface reflectance spectra features of coastal turbid water, as it can be the basis for establishing more accurate remote-sensing inversion models. In this study, Hangzhou Bay, China, was selected as the study area. Two in situ measurement and sampling stations in the estuary of the Qiantang River which flows into Hangzhou Bay were set up separately. Above-water spectrum observation method, which the NASA recommended, was adopted to measure the reflection spectrum of turbid waters. Surface water samples were simultaneously collected to obtain the corresponding SSC data. The results showed that the total suspended particle concentrations in the Hangzhou Bay were typically high, and the inorganic suspended particle concentrations were far greater than the phytoplankton concentrations, which averages 705?mg/L and 1.16?mg/m³. The SSC at two sampling stations both showed significant temporal variability, particularly appearing short-period rapid fluctuations accompanying the tidal cycle. The measured surface water reflectance spectra all showed typical curve characteristics of high turbid water, and as the SSC increased, the corresponding reflectivity of surface water also increased. The increments at different wavelengths were variational, with two reflectance peaks appearing at 650?C700-nm and near the 800-nm wavelength of spectral curves, respectively. The first derivative of spectral curves showed that the first reflectance peak location appeared to be a ??red shift?? phenomenon with the SSC increasing. The correlation coefficients between the SSC of surface water and the remote-sensing reflectance according to moderate resolution imaging spectra-radiometer (MODIS) channels?? central wavelength were different significantly, which were larger at MODIS long-wavelength channels (>650?nm) and smaller at MODIS short-wavelength channels (400?C550?nm). The value of determination coefficient R ² was 0.82 when the reflectance ratio of MODIS band 2 to band 1 was selected as the SSC sensitive bands combination and exponential regression analysis was employed. Therefore, the reflectance ratio of MODIS band 2 to band 1 can be adopted as the main band combination for establishing surface water SSC remote-sensing inversion model in the Hangzhou Bay.     

Aircraft multispectral remote sensing of suspended sediments in a turbid macrotidal environment

Aircraft multispectral visible data were collected in the Bay of Fundy, a turbid macrotidal environment. Measurements were made at two altitudes and were atmospherically corrected to give above-surface reflectance values. The variance in long wavelength reflectance data could be explained by the logarithm of suspended sediment concentrations in the water. Variance in short wavelength reflectance data could not be directly related to any measured parameter but was believed to originate from instrumentation noise. High intercorrelation between water quality parameters meant that only the suspended sediment information could be extracted from the multispectral aircraft data. The reflectance measurements at 660 nm could explain 92% of the variance in the logarithm of suspended sediment concentration, and up to an additional 3% of variance could be explained by using a reflectance ratio of wavelength 660 to 573 nm or by using the first rotated vector of a principal component analysis.     

遥感异常与地球化学指标间的映射关系模型探索

采用改进的遥感异常提取方法,以甘肃金川地区的LandSat 8遥感影像数据为基础,结合主成份分析方法及低通滤波后期处理,得到空间规律性较强的烃基及铁染异常;进而对测区的土壤地球化学取样分析数据,利用统计学方法寻找不同元素异常(或地球化学指标)的内在关联,并建立土壤地球化学指标比值与遥感异常之间的关系模型。继续构建出基于LandSat 8遥感影像的净反射率值与地球化学因子之间的统计模型,并以此预测模型对测区进行了遥感地球化学异常的圈定。预测结果表明:建立的遥感地球化学统计模型高异常区与已知矿区范围基本吻合,通过提取的遥感地球化学异常不仅能表达化探常规异常的信息,还可以把其空间分布规律明晰出来,让某些局部弱异常得到增强。遥感地球化学异常得到了野外验证,说明利用地质资料建立的基于LandSat 8遥感地球化学预测模型比单一的遥感或化探异常有更好的预测效果。     

不同污染水体的多角度偏振光谱研究

以长春市3个农业灌区水库的水体为实验样本,应用二向反射光度计实测了不同水体在2π空间的多角度偏振反射光谱数据,从探测方位角、光线入射角、探测天顶角、偏振角、波段等方面对所测水体的偏振反射数据进行了初步分析与研究。结果表明:偏振特性是水体的一个固有特征,不仅对污染水体物理性质的测试做出了新尝试,而且为未来污染水体的偏振光遥感研究提供了科学依据。     

Evaluating the accuracy of ANN and LR models to estimate the water quality in Zarivar International Wetland,Iran

One of the most important qualitative aspects of wetland ecosystem management is preserving the natural quality of water in such environments. This would not be achievable unless continuous water quality monitoring is implemented. With the recent advances in remote sensing technology, this technology could assist us to produce accurate models for estimating water quality variables in the ecosystem of wetlands. The present study was carried out to evaluate the capability of remote sensing data to estimate the water quality variables [pH, total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, nitrate, sulfate, phosphate, chloride and the concentration of chlorophyll a] in Zarivar International Wetland using linear regression (LR) and artificial neural network (ANN) models. For this purpose, spectral reflectance of bands 2, 3, 4 and 5 of the OLI sensor of Landsat 8 was utilized as the input data and the collected chemical and physical data of water samples were selected as the objective data for both ANN and LR models. Based on our results overall, ANN model was the proper model compared with LR model. The spectral reflectance in bands 5 and 4 of OLI sensor revealed the best results to estimate TDS, TSS, turbidity and chlorophyll in comparison with other used bands in ANN model, respectively. We conclude that OLI sensor data are an excellent means for studying physical properties of water quality and comparing its chemical properties.     

Spectral Reflectance Features of Rocks and Ores and Their Applications

The spectral reflectance features of rocks and minerals are correlated with their composition,col-or,grain size and surface state.Different wall rocks,altered rocks and ores have their spectral reflectance features,which are very helpful for the explanation of remote sensing data and searching for mineral deposits by remote sensing.After the treatment of spectrum data and searching for mineral deposits by remote sensing.After the treatment of spectrum data of rocks and ores and physical and chemical parameters in the mathematical statistics,we analyzed the laboratorial spectrum dataand put forward better wave bands(520-590,650-710,730-760,770-860,1560-1760,2200 and 2300-2400nm) for distinguishing rocks and ores.     

高光谱技术提取植被生化参数机理与方法研究进展

概述了目前利用高光谱技术估测地表植被生化参数理论与技术的最新研究进展,着重介绍了前人为提高遥感精度不断改进从光谱数据中提取植被生化参数的一些方法和理论,重点论述了提高遥感信息的信噪比（SNR）、改进遥感数据的分析方法、植被物理参数的细化和逐步确定,是目前植被生化参数遥感估测研究的前沿领域和科学问题,为人们尽快全面了解高光谱技术在植被生化参数方面应用进展和方法拓展,提供了条件、概貌和综论。