河北平原的浅埋古河道

河北平原埋深8—30m的砂层透镜体,呈一定方向的条带状分布,具有许多河流相沉积标志。相对于地面出露古河道(埋深0—8m)和深部埋藏古河道(埋深60—100m以下),我们称之为浅部埋藏古河道,简称浅埋古河道。     

华北平原古河道开发利用面临的新问题及对策

华北平原地下埋深30~50 m以上分布着众多古河道。它是开采浅层地下淡水的源泉,"三水"调蓄转化的库容,旱、涝、碱、咸灾害综合治理的场所,农业综合开发的宝地,农田水利布设的基础,地震时沙基液化和震害的严重区。论述华北平原古河道开发利用取得的经济效益,提出开发利用中面临的新问题及对策。     

莱州湾南岸平原地面古河道研究

利用综合方法对莱州湾南岸平原地面古河道做了系统研究,发现并验证地面古河道２５条,按形成时代将其分为两期,其中,早一中全新世古河道６条,历史时期古河道１９条,按地貌形态将其为４种类型,包括高地古河道带,条状高地古河道,槽状洼地古河道和古河槽,其中条状高地古河道为该区主要的古河道类型。     

渤海海盆曾有过沙质堆积

论述河流形成了古河道。但古河道的发育期不是河流的发育期。这是因为河流主要是一种水流,而古河道是一个砂体。因此,河流的活跃期才是古河道的发育期。     

大安古河道综合开发生态工程地质地貌环境可行性论证

大安古河道位于中新生代松辽沉降带上的中央凹陷区，第四纪壳运动以大面积继承性缓慢沉积为主。盖层包括白垩纪浅海相砂岩，第三系砂岩、泥岩及厚达143m的第四系碎屑沉积。全新世粘土及粉细砂出露地表，对实施水利工程有利。区域地貌属松嫩冲积低平原，阶地海拔高度140m左右，呈台状高地。古河道的主体嫩江河漫滩一般低于132m，平坦开阔，自然坡降1／5000—1／10000，便于布置水利工程。古河道邻近嫩江和月亮泡，引水十分方便。排水可直泄查干湖，然后回归嫩江河谷；或者从三家子古河道出口排入嫩江河谷，均为可行。     

广州市西北区岩溶分布规律浅析

随着城市化的快速推进,地质环境灾害防治日益重要.近年来,广州市西北区频发的岩溶地面塌陷事故成为影响地区稳定的社会问题.文中通过恢复古流溪河道的流向来探讨古河道对岩溶发育分布的影响,并结合广州西北地区断裂带的分布和当地的钻孔数据资料,探求岩溶在水平面上及垂向上的分布特征及其成因.结果表明,现代塌陷的影响范围区基本上沿古河道的流向分布,古流溪河的走向决定了调查区内岩溶的发育和分布;该区岩溶的发育受断裂带的影响,在断裂密集部位或规模较大的断层附近,灰岩溶蚀率较高,溶洞发育;同时受新构造运动影响,调查区内形成了三层溶洞分布的基本格局.     

晴空下山区太阳辐射模拟

由于太阳辐射在山区的空间分布情况较为复杂,在Arcgis,Envi和C++基础上,提出了一个晴空条件下估算山区太阳辐射分布的模型。在借鉴国内外太阳辐射研究成果基础上充分考虑了地形因素和大气状况,利用Modtran大气辐射传输模型、DEM和Modis反照率数据建立了山区太阳辐射计算模型。以黑河上游山区为试验区,利用该模型模拟得到了黑河上游山区的太阳辐射,分析了坡度、坡向、海拔对太阳辐射空间分布的影响,并利用实测值对模型进行了验证,结果表明：该模型可较好地反映研究区内山区太阳总辐射的分布,可用于山区太阳辐射的估算。     

大安古河道试区土地潜力性评价

土地潜力是进行土地评价的重要内容,也是一种新方法,在古河道区的土地潜力性评价中分质量（状态）因子和诊断因子,采用质量因子和权重法对该进行潜力性评价,评价结果表明：该区域二等地１７０．９１ｈｍ＾２三等地９４．８９ｈｍ＾２四等地６８９．０７ｈｍ＾２,五等地６．６３ｈｍ＾２。没有土地质量期望值在３．５以上的一等地。     

近20年来中国古河道研究进展

近20年来,我国在嫩江大安古河道、莱州湾南岸平原古河道、长江南京以下段古河道及古深槽、海底古河道等区域的研究,获得了大量研究成果,深化了理论认识,拓展了应用领域。这些新成果与新认识进一步表明,中国各外流大河均有末次盛冰期埋藏古河道,该期古河流深切于末次冰期间冰阶的陆地及浅海大陆架,形成切割谷和谷底部的深槽,谷内堆积了末次盛冰期和早全新世的河流相滞留物质和粗颗粒物质,上部被中全新世海相、海陆交互相或陆相细粒物质覆盖,构成了埋深约20~50 m的浅埋古河道带。古河道中蕴藏着比较丰富的地下淡水,是洪冲积平原及浅海陆架地区的重要水源。     

世界所有大河都有埋藏古河道

世界所有受冰期低海平面控制的外流性大河,普遍发育了一期古河流相沉积。该河流切入末次冰期间冰阶地层中,为冰期鼎盛期和早全新世砂砾石充填,被中全新世海相或湖沼相地层掩埋,形成了埋藏古河道,这些埋藏古河道在世界各个地区普遍发育,并可相互对比,具有全球性质。其形成原因与机制是海平面升降与气候冷暧变化而引起的河流溯源侵蚀和堆积。     

Simulations of an isotopic fractionation by freezing in an open system

This paper presents a model of isotopic fractionation by freezing under near equilibrium conditions in an open system and uses the model to predict the fractionation curve and slope gradient of δ 18 O versus δD. The simulation results show that 1) the fractionation curve and slope gradient are determined by the ratio of freezing rate to input rate, 2) the isotopic value in the initial stage of freezing is determined by the isotopic value of initial water; 3) in the latter half of freezing in an open system, the isotopic value converges to a certain value determined by that of input water. These results suggest that the shape of the fractionation curve is the method to distinguish whether freezing occurred in a closed or open system. This analysis is applied to an isotopic curve observed in basal ice of Hamna Glacier, Sya drainage, East Antarctica. The isotopic curve indicates formation by regelation in an open system with a ratio of freezing/input rates of about 10/4.     

Radiation from an impulsive line source in an unbounded homogeneous anisotropic medium

Summary. The space-time elastic wave motion generated by an impulsive line source in a homogeneous anisotropic medium is calculated with the aid of the Cagniard-de Hoop method. Two types of sources are considered in detail, viz. a line source of expansion (model for an explosive source) and a line force (model for a mechanical vibrator). Numerical results are presented for the radiated particle velocity in the medium including those regions of space where shear-wave triplication occurs. There is a marked difference in the time response observed for the two types of sources and for the different positions of the receiver with respect to the source position. These waveform differences are important when the radiated wave is used to determine experimentally the elastic properties of the medium. As compared with the traditional Fourier-integral transform method to handle this problem, the computation time with the present method is considerably less.     

Cottagers in an Urban Field

The use of rural areas by the urban population is an important organizing principle in the study of the rural hinterland of urban centers. One of the important land uses identified within the urban field is recreation. This paper focuses on cottage property ownership in one part of the urban field, the rural-recreational countryside. Using three case studies from Canada, it was found that cottage properties account for a large proportion of local residential property. Although most cottage properties are owned by urban residents, up to one-quarter are owned by local residents. Using a questionnaire survey, it was also found that cottage owners are more likely to be older, better educated, and have higher incomes than rural residents.     

Surface-wave propagation in an ocean basin with an anisotropic upper mantle: numerical modelling

Summary. The characteristics of surface-wave propagation in ocean basins are examined numerically for models with two types of anisotropic alignment in the upper mantle: one resulting from glide-plane slip in olivine with horizontal or vertical slip-planes, and the other from syntectonic recrystallization of olivine in a zone of horizontal shear. Glide-plane slip can cause highly anomalous inclined-Rayleigh particle-motion in the third-generalized mode (corresponding to the isotropic second-Rayleigh mode). The amplitude of this anomaly is rather insensitive to details of the structure. Syntectonic recrystallization can cause an anomalous combination of inclined-and tilted-Rayleigh motion in all modes. The variation with period of the amplitude of the anomaly in the fundamental mode can indicate the approximate depth to the anisotropic layer. In both types of alignment, the sense of tilt and the inclination varies with direction of propagation in a manner characteristic of the structural symmetry.     

Surface-wave propagation in an ocean basin with an anisotropic upper mantle: observations of polarization anomalies

Summary. Observations of surface waves crossing ocean basins indicate that, at least in some cases, a better interpretation of what was previously considered to be the simultaneous arrival of fundamental Love and second Rayleigh modes, with similar group velocities, is the coupled motion of the second-generalized mode surface wave propagating in an anisotropic upper-mantle. This mode displays the polarization anomalies expected from anisotropic alignments caused by syntectonic recrystallization of olivine in a zone of horizontal shear. The polarity of the pattern of anomalies, found in waves crossing the Pacific Basin, suggests that the lithosphere is dragging the asthenosphere.