锦界煤矿水文地质特征与矿井充水危险性预测

矿井充水危险性预测是矿井水害防治的重要工作。通过锦界煤矿矿井水文地质特征的研究,总结了煤矿地下含(隔)水层的发育特征及其与煤层的4种空间组合关系。分析得出矿井的主要充水水源为直罗组风化基岩裂隙含水层,充水通道为煤层采后所产生的导水裂隙带,计算并实际验证了导水裂隙带发育高度。依据采动条件下隔水层隔水性的判据,预测圈定了3-1煤层采后地表松散沙层与风化基岩含水层遭受破坏有可能发生充水的危险地段及充水危险性。      

山西富东煤矿水害类型分析及其防治建议

富东煤矿主采煤层为石炭系上统太原组8、9、12、15上、15下号煤。近年来,随着开采水平的不断延伸,矿井水害日益呈现,对采掘工作面人员及安全生产构成威胁。以涌水水源与导水通道为划分原则,将整合后的富东煤矿面临的水害类型划分为采(古)空区及相邻矿井开采积水水害、含水层突水水害、断层破碎带突水水害、岩溶陷落柱水害以及地表水体突水水害,并分析了各种水害类型特点及其对煤矿安全生产的影响程度,认为在煤层开采过程中,导水裂隙带直接进入第四系松散强含水体或断层破碎带,若支护不当,雨季沟谷中的地表径流、各种含水层中地下水以及上覆煤层采空区积水都会通过断层及陷落柱等导水构造发生水力联系,对矿井造成威胁。指出了矿井水害防治重点,并提出了相应的防治水建议。     

双柳煤矿矿井开采充水条件分析及防治对策

以双柳煤矿区域地质环境条件为基础,从充水水源和涌水通道两方面对矿井充水条件进行了系统分析。结果表明井田范围内的地下水和老空水是最主要的充水水源,陷落柱和断层的存在破坏了煤层的连续性,构成煤矿采掘工程的障碍,容易产生冒项、突水事故。文章在上述充水条件的基础上对矿坑涌水量进行了预测,并据此提出切实可行的防治对策。研究结果对矿井安全生产及矿井水害治理具有一定的指导意义。     

陕西省红石岩煤矿水害致灾因素分析

陕西省红石岩煤矿地质条件中等,水文地质条件复杂,矿井周边小煤窑密布,曾多次遭受水灾。通过分析矿井水文地质条件,矿井充水水源、充水通道和充水强度,最终得出煤矿直接充水水源为老空水和地下水,大气降水和地表水既是直接充水水源又是间接充水水源,导水裂隙带和采空区密闭墙是主要的充水通道,并提出了水害致灾的防治措施。     

平朔矿区井工矿水害条件分析及防治对策

平朔矿区井工矿井的充水水源有第四系孔隙水及地表水、石炭-二叠系砂岩裂隙水、奥陶系灰岩岩溶裂隙水.充水通道包括顶底板采动裂隙、断层、岩溶陷落柱、第四系天窗、裂隙密集带及封闭不良钻孔等,其中顶底板采动裂隙、断层、岩溶陷落柱为主要导水通道.为防治煤层顶、底板含水层的水害,建议采用地面与井下、钻探与物探相结合的勘查手段,以查明含水岩系的富水状态及水力联系.     

改进层次分析法在矿井水文地质类型划分中的应用

矿井水文地质类型划分是矿井水文地质工作的一项重要内容,对分析充水条件,评价水害威胁程度,指导矿井防治水工作具有重要意义。引进最优传递矩阵对层次分析法进行改进,将改进的层次分析法应用到水文地质类型划分中。以内蒙古呼吉尔特矿区4对生产矿井为例,在分析水文地质条件的基础上,建立了矿井水文地质类型划分的评价指标体系,利用改进的层次分析法,计算各项影响因素的权重值,建立数学模型计算每个矿井综合得分Z值,根据计算结果,呼吉尔特4对生产矿井水文地质条件均为复杂型。      

我国露天煤矿水害特征与防治水技术

露天开采是我国煤矿开采的两大方式之一。与地下开采煤矿类似，露天煤矿在开采过程中同样面临防治水问题，由于我国露天煤矿水害类型相对单一，国内学者鲜有对露天煤矿的水害特征和防治水技术进行深入研究。以我国露天煤矿分布范围为出发点，从充水水源、充水通道、充水强度3方面分析露天煤矿水害特征，得出大气降水、地表水和浅层地下水是主要充水水源；人为开挖形成的直通式通道、强渗透含水层或透水层、垂向导水钻孔、滑坡形成的地表裂缝等是主要充水通道；季节性变化明显、疏排水周期长、排水量大是露天煤矿疏排水主要水害特征的结论。归纳目前我国露天煤矿常用的7种防治水技术，提出露天煤矿由远及近、由上而下、由面至点的立体防治水技术体系。从地下水资源保护和生态环保角度出发，为实现露天煤矿绿色开采和可持续发展，提出以切断补给通道、减小矿坑疏排水量为目的的帷幕截流技术是今后露天煤矿防治水的主要技术方法。      

姚桥煤矿水文地质特征及矿井水害防治措施

姚桥煤矿开采水文地质资料表明,煤层开采矿井的直接充水含水层--山西组煤层顶、底板砂岩裂隙含水层组与太原组灰岩岩溶裂隙含水层一般以静储量为主,富水性较弱;第四系松散含水层组、下石盒子组底部分界砂岩含水层、奥陶系灰岩岩溶裂隙含水层、老窑水主要是通过断裂或导水裂隙向矿井充水,故而提出了留设保安煤柱,探放断层水、老窑水等针对性的水害防治措施。     

宁东枣泉煤矿矿井水文地质类型划分探讨

通过对枣泉煤矿矿井水文地质条件、矿井充水因素、矿井涌水量、矿井受水害影响程度及防治水难易程度等方面分析,以实际资料为依据,结合对《煤矿防治水规定》的理解,提出枣泉煤矿矿井水文地质类型为复杂型的结论,从而分析和评价矿井水害危害程度,经济合理地搞好矿井防治水工作提供了基础资料。     

冯记沟煤矿水文地质条件和充水因素分析

冯记沟煤矿产量30万t/a,但矿井最大涌水量达1 000m^3/h。通过对该区水文地质条件和充水因素的分析,认为矿井直接充水水源是侏罗系层状裂隙孔隙水,间接充水水源是第四系孔隙水、老窿区积水和矿井排水。针对矿井充水水源和充水通道的发育状况,提出了几种防治水的方法建议。     

On prevention and mechanism of bed separation water inrush for thick coal seams: a case study in China

Bed separation can occur in overlying strata, especially in hard and soft interbedded roof strata. If these strata prone to form bed separation are rich aquifers, water can accumulate into bed separation and maybe cause a serious water hazard under the condition of water inflow passages existence. Therefore, studying these types of roof water inrush mechanisms, forecasting roof water inrush, and formulating preventive and control measures in advance are extremely important to a mine. In this paper, we takes the typical case of water inrush in the workface number 1121 at Hongliu coal mine as an example, and study the mechanism of water inrush in detail. Primarily, field drilling with water leakage and color TV observations showed that the maximum height of the water conducting fractured zone was 12.50 times the thickness of the coal seams, which spread to the overlying coarse-grained sandstone aquifer. Secondly, the numerical simulation indicated that bed separation storage space was prone to form under the combination of coarse-grained sandstone and mudstone geological structure. The detection using UWTEM revealed that the groundwater accumulated in this bed separation and formed a water bag (bed separation water). When the water bag reached a certain degree, water bursting happened with the main roof collapsing. Finally, prevention, effective drainage methods, and successful experiences with bed separation water have been summarized, and it will have a major significance to coal mines suffering from bed separation water inrush.     

Assessment of water inrush and factor sensitivity analysis in an amalgamated coal mine in China

Hydrogeological data are generally incomplete and inaccurate in amalgamated coal mines in China, which results in inaccuracy in water inrush forecasts. To enhance the precision of the prediction of water inrush from coal floor in an amalgamated coal mine, the vulnerability index method was developed using an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to analyze the water inrush hazard. Six factors related to water inrush were selected and the corresponding single factor thematic map was established through geographic information system (GIS). The AHP model was built to calculate the weight of each factor. The final forecast map based on vulnerability index was acquired by superposing the six thematic maps. The forecast map was consistent with the real water inrush position. The sensitivity of the six factors was analyzed and the water-resisting layer played a significant role in controlling water inrush. Several suggestions about water inrush prevention were put forward based on the prediction results.     

Spatiotemporal development of mine water inrush and its mechanism—a case study in Ganhe coal mine,Shanxi, China

Mine water inrush is one of the main hazards in coal mining industry. The mechanism and the processes are complex. Investigation of the spatiotemporal development of the hydrological process could lead to a better understanding of mine water inrush and effective countermeasures. For this reason, we investigated spatial and temporal characteristics (i.e., the changes of flow rate, groundwater level, and water quality) during a water inrush event in China, which had a flow rate of 730 m³/h at maximum and 300m³/h under a steady condition. The result shows that the water inrush developed in several stages. A mathematical model of the dynamic change between the water table and the inrush flow rate was constructed. Based on this model, we found the relationship of highly conductive flow channels between some observation boreholes and the water inrush point. In addition, the recharge velocity of the highly conductive flow channels and the equivalent mean flow velocity of the whole mine were determined. A comprehensive analysis of geological, hydrodynamic, and crustal stress conditions was conducted to study the development of the water channel near the F₁₃ fault and the nonlinear process from seepage stage to inrush stage. The result reveals the water inrush is likely caused by activation of faults under combined influences of high crustal stress and high hydraulic pressure.     

矿山水文地质结构及其采动响应

本文以谷德振先生创立的岩体工程地质力学理论为指导,在水文地质结构概念的基础上提出了矿山水文地质结构的概念,结合我国煤矿的宏观地质背景及矿山水害的研究基础,基于矿山水文地质结构对矿山水害类型进行了重新划分。从突水水源、导水通道以及采掘活动3个致灾危险源出发,结合矿山突水溃砂灾害、底板突水实例,对矿山水文地质结构的采动响应进行研究,为矿山水害防治和矿山安全地质工作提供了一种新的思路和途径,显示了岩体工程地质力学在煤矿水文地质工程地质研究中的重要指导作用和强大的生命力。     

纳林河二号煤矿涌水水源判别的PCA-Logistic方法

纳林河二号煤矿作为纳林河矿区的第一对大型矿井,生产初期由于其自身复杂的水文地质条件和采掘的强扰动,导致涌水事件时有发生,给矿井的安全生产造成严重威胁,快速有效地找到涌水水源是防治矿井水害的关键。通过对纳林河二号煤矿主要含水层及采空区水样进行水质分析并绘制Piper三线图,揭示矿区各含水层地下水及采空区水的水化学特征,统计Ca2+、Mg2+、Na++K+、HCO₃-、Cl-、SO₄2-、pH和矿化度8个指标作为水源判别的原始数据,经主成分分析法（PCA）处理得到4个主成分F₁、F₂、F₃和F₄;将4个主成分的值作为Logistic回归模型的判别指标,建立纳林河矿区涌水水源判别模型;以36组标准水样作为训练样本,发现模型回代准确率为97.22%,再利用建立的模型对4组待判水样进行判别,结果与实际分析相符。研究结果表明:主成分分析和无序多分类Logistic回归方法相结合的涌水水源判别模型能够有效消除样本原始数据间的冗余信息,使涌水水源判别结果更加快速准确,可为矿井防治水工作提供决策和依据。移动阅读      

Experimental simulation of water-inrush disaster from the floor of mine and its mechanism investigation

Mine water inrush is very common in China and can cause hysteretic and severe damages to the safety production of coal mines. Essentially, water inrush from coal floor can be attributed to the connection of cracks and the formation of water channel in floor rocks under the interaction of stress field and seepage field. In this paper, the interaction between cracks, stress field, and seepage field in floor rocks was studied by physical simulation; the evolution law of water inrush from floor cracks was obtained under the fluid-solid coupling effect, and the monitoring of rock stress and seepage pressure was realized by virtue of soil pressure and pore-pressure sensors. The results indicated that the permeability of floor rocks had regional and temporal characteristics due to the cyclical variation of in-situ floor stress. The high-permeability zone occurred under the early mining stress area, and gradually extended and connected inside the floor. As a result, more confined water could flood into the connected cracks and thus changed the seepage field in front of working face. This work provides new approaches and knowledge for researching coal floor water inrush and has important significances for the prevention of coal water disasters.     

A case study of water inrush incident through fault zone in China and the corresponding treatment measures

In 2010, a water inrush accident through a fault with a high flow rate occurred at Tianzhuang coal mine in Jining, Shandong Province, China, which was subject to the fault excavation. Grouting is an important treatment method before and after water inrush accidents. In this paper, the evolution of this water inrush accident is studied, and the effective treatment method is presented. The obtained results indicate that groundwater from Ordovician limestone aquifer 28.5 m below the floor flowed into the roadway through the fault zone. Results also show that this water inrush through the fault zone can be divided into a flow rate steady increase phase, a rapidly increase phase, a decrease phase, and a steady phase. The first two phases resulted from permeability increase of the fault, which was caused by seepage failure, and water level of the aquifer led to last two phases. Additionally, grouting using the ground borehole successfully controlled this water inrush accident, and it is proven to be a valid method.     

范各庄矿12煤底板突水过程模拟分析

以范各庄煤矿水文地质条件为基础,建立了承压水上采煤的岩体水力学模型,应用岩石破裂过程渗流-应力耦合分析系统(RFPA2D-Flow)模拟分析了范各庄矿12煤层底板开采扰动下,裂隙形成、扩展到突水通道最终贯通形成突水的全过程。通过对损伤区分布、应力场和渗流场的演化分析,揭示了开采扰动及水压驱动下完整泥岩底板由隔水岩层到突水通道的演化过程,对突水通道进行了模拟定位,并对不同水压条件下含水砂岩层对底板突水的影响进行了分析。结果表明:12煤底板突水问题取决于含水砂岩中的水压力,在假设隔水层厚度不变时,水压力与突水系数呈正相关关系,随着水压的增大突水越易发生。该研究为12煤底板突水预测与防治提供了理论依据。      

突水水源的独立性权-模糊可变理论识别模型

在煤矿开采过程中,矿井水害事故频繁发生。为快速准确地找出矿井突水水源,降低矿井突水给煤矿生产带来的危害,以赵各庄矿为例,运用独立性权系数与模糊可变理论相结合的方法,选取了Na+,Ca2+,Mg2+,Cl-,SO₄2-和HCO₃-6种水化学指标,对赵各庄矿的20组水样数据进行分析计算。结果表明:独立性权系数-模糊可变理论模型排除了水样中各指标间冗余信息的影响,克服了水样各变量间权重难以确定以及变量对水质影响不均匀的问题,可在一定程度上保证突水水源识别模型的准确度;Cl-权重值远大于其他各项化学指标的权重值,即Cl-对突水水源的识别结果影响较大;采用本文所建模型判别赵各庄矿的8组测试水样,判别准确率达87.5%,表明该模型在矿井突水水源识别中具有重要参考价值。