南极普里兹湾海域夏季表层水体颗粒有机碳及其同位素分布特征

基于中国第29次南极科学考察在普里兹湾海域采集的61个站位的表层悬浮体样品的颗粒有机碳(POC)及其稳定同位素(δ13CPOC)测试结果,结合卫星遥感解译的研究区海水表面温度(SST)、叶绿素a(Chl a)浓度和海冰覆盖率数据,研究了普里兹湾海域表层水体悬浮POC的分布特征,探讨了悬浮体中POC的来源及其形成过程。结果表明,2013年夏季普里兹湾表层悬浮POC浓度为0.28—0.84 mg·L-1,平均浓度为0.48 mg·L-1;δ13CPOC值的变化范围为-29.68‰—-26.30‰,平均值为-28.01‰。表层水体悬浮POC分布呈现近岸高于远岸,西部高于东部的特征。POC的高值区主要分布在冰架附近,与表层水体Chl a浓度和海冰覆盖率分布趋势基本一致,表明夏季普里兹湾表层水体悬浮POC主要由浮游植物现场生产,而浮游植物的生长受到了海冰的显著影响。在普里兹湾外部海域表层水体悬浮颗粒物δ13CPOC值从东向西逐渐偏负,而调查区东部从近岸向远海逐渐偏负,反映该海域δ13CPOC分布特征主要受到浮游植物吸收与固定CO2速率的影响。中山站附近海域δ13CPOC值显著偏负,可能是受到近岸海域陆源有机质输入和浮游生物种属改变的影响。     

基于GF-1影像的洞庭湖区水体水质遥感监测

湖泊水质监测是有效开展湖泊水环境综合管理与水污染防治实施的基础,也是湖泊藻华风险评估与生态安全建设的重要依据。本文基于GF-1号影像对2014-2016年洞庭湖水体的叶绿素a浓度、悬浮物浓度和透明度展开遥感监测,结果表明：叶绿素a主要集中在水流速度较慢的安乐湖、大小西湖和东洞庭湖西部地区,其他区域水体扰动力大,叶绿素含量a较低。透明度从北到南递增,与悬浮物浓度的分布趋势相反,符合常规监测规律。东洞庭湖水质较南洞庭湖和西洞庭湖差,水污染程度处于全湖最高水平。GF-1数据可精确反映叶绿素a浓度、悬浮物浓度和透明度指数的空间变化规律,也为后续高分遥感影像湖泊水质监测的应用研究提供了重要参考。     

越南东部近岸区域水产养殖塘分布及其对近海水体中叶绿素a质量浓度的影响

近岸区域水产养殖的无序化和集约化扩张会引起一系列水环境问题。利用2015年覆盖越南东部近岸区域的无云或少云的Landsat 8 OLI影像18景,采用面向对象与决策树相结合的分类方法,生产了研究区水产养殖塘空间分布数据;再利用近海水体中叶绿素a质量浓度数据,分析越南东部近岸区域水产养殖塘对近海水体中叶绿素a质量浓度的影响。研究结果表明,2015年,越南东部近岸区域水产养殖塘呈现南北多、中间少的空间分布格局,水产养殖塘总面积为8 947.29 km2;其中,湄公河三角洲的水产养殖塘面积最大,其约占总面积的84.93%;水产养殖塘面积与近海水体中的叶绿素a质量浓度显著正相关,而且水产养殖塘面积与距离海岸线80 km范围内近海水体中的叶绿素a质量浓度关系更密切;近岸区域水产养殖塘面积对近海水体中的叶绿素a质量浓度的影响有季节差异,整体上,春季和秋季其对近海水体中的叶绿素a质量浓度的影响较大。     

滇池外海水体叶绿素a与水质因子关系研究

使用近5年滇池外海的水体理化指标监测数据,分析了滇池外海水体叶绿素a的时空分布特征,并使用多元逐步回归分析叶绿素a与水质因子的关系。研究结果表明,滇池外海水体叶绿素a浓度为0．003～0．475mg／L,长年平均浓度为0．063mg／L,每年2月最低,8月最高,夏季最高,冬季最低。近5年各测点年平均值2004年平均浓度最高,2005年最低。滇池外海叶绿素a的空间分布呈现出北高南低,中部呈现西高东低的态势。各水质因子在不同的位置对叶绿素a浓度的影响显著程度不一样,但叶绿素a浓度总体与透明度呈现负相关,与pH值呈显著的正相关,与水温呈现正相关。通过多元逐步回归分析,滇池外海水体叶绿素浓度回归方程在不同位置有1～4个因子入选,外海叶绿素a平均浓度的回归方程为：Chla=-0．336＋0．002·WT＋0．028·TN＋0．034·pH。     

南极夏季普里兹湾叶绿素a的时空变化研究

利用SeaWiFs、MODIS卫星数据所获取的南极普里兹湾表层海水叶绿素a（Chl-a）与海表温度（SST）的遥感数据,并结合我国2001-2011年南极科学考察所获得的现场数据,对该区域的海表温度、叶绿素a与营养盐的分布规律进行分析。结果表明：研究海区的叶绿素a的分布具有明显的区域特征,以陆架坡为界,湾内向湾外表现出明显的递减趋势;在湾内陆架区,浮游植物的旺发主要受海冰消融以及营养盐供给的影响,十年南极夏季叶绿素a浓度的遥感区域平均值为1.40mg/m3;在陆坡区,浮游植物的繁殖主要受到水文条件的影响,十年的夏季遥感平均值为0.44mg/m3;在湾外深海区,浮游植物的繁殖主要受到水文条件与铁元素的影响,浓度较低,十年的夏季遥感平均值为0.25mg/m3。在整个南极夏季,研究海域每月的叶绿素a浓度与海表温度呈现出一定的正相关性（R2=0.505）,而在年际变化上,叶绿素a与海表温度的变化趋势也有着明显的相似性,表明温度是叶绿素a浓度的主要影响因素。通过研究多变量厄尔尼诺指数与湾内表层叶绿素a浓度的关系,可知在相对敏感的湾内陆架区,厄尔尼诺/拉尼娜可能会对叶绿素a的浓度产生影响,在厄尔尼诺年,叶绿素a的浓度较高;而在拉妮娜年,叶绿素a的浓度较低,表明高纬度海区浮游植物的生长与繁殖对中低纬度的ENSO事件存在一定的响应联系。     

南极夏季普里兹湾邻近海域浮游植物、粒度分级叶绿素a和初级生产力的分布

１９９１／１９９２年夏季，在南极普里兹湾邻近海域现场观测浮游植物细胞丰度、优势种类组成、颗粒有机碳浓度、粒度分级叶绿素ａ浓度和初级生产力的分布。调查海域现存生物量和初级生产力以及颗粒有机碳浓度分布均具有较明显的时间和空间区域性特征。在普里兹湾邻近北部陆架和测区东部海区现存生物量、初级生产力和颗粒有机碳浓度均较高，西部海区上述生物参数均较低。测区微型和微微型浮游生物代谢生理活性高，能量转换速率快，在现存生物量和生产力中均占较高比重。其对初级生产力的贡献要高于对生物量的贡献。     

应用人工神经网络模型研究福建省山仔水库叶绿素a动态

本文应用山仔水库2003-2006年叶绿素 a浓度、总磷浓度、总氮浓度、水温、溶解氧浓度、高锰酸盐指数、pH值7个参数监测数据对人工神经网络模型进行训练,在此基础上应用1997-2002年除叶绿素a浓度外其他6个参数监测数据,推算出1997-2002年间缺失的叶绿素a浓度,并对1997-2006年春末夏初的叶绿素a浓度动态进行分析,结果表明:山仔水库1997年建库初期,叶绿素a浓度处于较高水平,2000年以后叶绿素a浓度开始降低,近几年基本保持稳定.2003-2006年叶绿素a浓度呈季节周期性变化,春末经夏季到初秋,叶绿素a浓度持续升高,冬季下降明显,春季又开始回升;说明近几年山仔水库水体春末夏季秋初处于富营养化水平,秋末冬季处于中营养水平.本研究结果将为山仔水库的富营养化防治提供科学依据.     

应用人工神经网络模型研究福建省山仔水库叶绿素a动态

本文应用山仔水库2003-2006年叶绿素a浓度、总磷浓度、总氮浓度、水温、溶解氧浓度、高锰酸盐指数、pH值7个参数监测数据对人工神经网络模型进行训练,在此基础上应用1997-2002年除叶绿素a浓度外其他6个参数监测数据,推算出1997-2002年间缺失的叶绿素a浓度,并对1997-2006年春末夏初的叶绿素a浓度动态进行分析,结果表明:山仔水库1997年建库初期,叶绿素a浓度处于较高水平,2000年以后叶绿素a浓度开始降低,近几年基本保持稳定.2003-2006年叶绿素a浓度呈季节周期性变化,春末经夏季到初秋,叶绿素a浓度持续升高,冬季下降明显,春季又开始回升;说明近几年山仔水库水体春末夏季秋初处于富营养化水平,秋末冬季处于中营养水平.本研究结果将为山仔水库的富营养化防治提供科学依据.     

1998/1999年南极夏季普里兹湾及北部海区叶绿素a和初级生产力的分布特征

1998 /1 999年南极夏季 ,作者随“雪龙船”在南极普里兹湾及其北部海区 (63° - 69°1 2′S ,70°30′- 75°30′E) 3条断面 2 4个测站进行浮游生物现存量和初级生产力的现场观测 ,研究叶绿素a浓度和初级生产力的分布特征。测区表层叶绿素a浓度为 0 .1 6 - 3 .99μg/dm3,普里兹湾内和湾西部四女士浅滩海域浓度在 3 .5μg/dm3以上 ;平面分布趋势从湾内向西北方向递减 ,深海区浓度在 0 .5μg/dm3以下。从垂向看叶绿素a浓度的最大值大多出现于 2 5m或 50m层 ,50m以下更深层的浓度随深度的增加而降低 ,2 0 0m层叶绿素a浓度分布范围为 0 .0 1 - 0 .95μg/dm3。粒径分级叶绿素a浓度以微小型浮游生物的贡献占优势 (56 % ) ,微型浮游生物的贡献占2 4 % ,微微型浮游生物的贡献占 2 0 %。测区潜在初级生产力为 0 .1 1～ 1 1 .67mgC/(m3·h) ,平均值为 2 .0 0± 2 .80mgC/(m3·h)。高生产力区位于普里兹湾 ,平均现场生产力达到 0 .86gC/(m2 ·d) ;依次为陆架区、陆坡区 ,深海区生产力较低 ,平均现场生产力为 0 .1 7gC/(m2 ·d)。光合作用同化数较低 (1 .53± 1 .1 1mgC/(mgChla·h) )。粒径分级初级生产力以微小型浮游生物的贡献占优势 (58% ) ,微型浮游生物的贡献占 2 6 % ,微微型浮游生物的贡献占 1 6 %。浮游植     

基于计量地理模型和信息熵的湖北省土地利用结构地域差异研究

运用计量地理模型、信息熵的方法,分析湖北省17个市(州)土地利用结构的地域差异,研究土地利用信息熵和经济发展水平之间的关系。结果表明:各市州的土地利用多样化差异较大,多样化空间格局整体呈现东部偏高、中部均匀、西部较低的递进结构;耕地、城镇村及工矿用地、交通运输用地、水域及水利设施用地具有明显的区位意义,林地、草地、其他土地一般,园地不显著;土地利用信息熵的空间格局呈现高信息熵区域主要聚集在东部、中高信息熵区域位于中部、中低和低信息熵区域主要分布在西部的递进规律。土地利用信息熵与地区经济发展水平并无密切关系,与土地利用的多样化具有紧密关系。     

Statistical characteristics of chlorophyll-a concentration in Hong Kong's coastal waters

In this paper seven of the ten Water Control Zones (WCZs) in Hong Kong's coastal waters with monthly or bi-weekly sampling data of 17 parameters collected at 37 monitoring stations from 1988 to 1999 were selected to analyze the spatial and temporal variations of chlorophyll-a and its influencing factors. Cluster analysis was employed to group the monitoring stations based on the structure of the data set. Multiple step regression was employed to determine the significant influencing factors of chlorophyll-a level. The results suggest that all the monitoring stations could be grouped into two clusters. Cluster I with frequent red tide incidents comprises two WCZs which are semi-enclosed bays. Cluster II with less red tide occurrence comprises the other five WCZs in an estuarine environment in the west. For both clusters, the organic contents indicator, BOD5, was a common significant influencing factor of the chlorophyll-a level. Nitrogen and light penetration condition related to turbidity, total volatile solids and suspended solids had more influence on the cholophyll-a level in Cluster I than in Cluster II, while phosphorus and oceanographic conditions associated with salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH were more important in Cluster II than in Cluster I. Generally, there was a higher average chlorophyll-a level in winter and autumn in a year. The chlorophyll-a level was much higher in Cluster I than in Cluster II among all seasons. Although the chlorophyll-a concentration had great variations from place to place in Hong Kong's coastal waters, it seemed to have a common long term fluctuation period of 8-10 years with a high-low-high variation in the period in the whole region, which might be influenced by other factors of global scale.     

Statistical characteristics of chlorophyll-a concentration in Hong Kong′s coastal waters

In this paper seven of the ten Water Control Zones (WCZs) in Hong Kong′s coastal waters with monthly or bi-weekly sampling data of 17 parameters collected at 37 monitoring stations from 1988 to 1999 were selected to analyze the spatial and temporal variations of chlorophyll-a and its influencing factors. Cluster analysis was employed to group the monitoring stations based on the structure of the data set. Multiple step regression was employed to determine the significant influencing factors of chlorophyll-a level. The results suggest that all the monitoring stations could be grouped into two clusters. Cluster I with frequent red tide incidents comprises two WCZs which aresemi-enclosed bays. Cluster II with less red tide occurrence comprises the other five WCZs in an estuarine environment in the west. For both clusters, the organic contents indicator, BOD5, was a common significant influencing factor of the chlorophyll-a level. Nitrogen and light penetration condition related to turbidity, total volatile solids and suspended solids had more influence on the cholophyll-a level in Cluster I than in Cluster II, while phosphorus and oceanographic conditions associated with salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH were more important in Cluster II than in Cluster 1. Generally, there was a higher average chlorophyll-a level in winter and autumn in a year.The chlorophyll-a level was much higher in Cluster I than in Cluster II among all seasons. Although the chlorophyll-a concentration had great variations from place to place in Hong Kong′s coastal waters, it seemed to have a common long term fluctuation period of 8-10 years with a high-low-high variation in the period in the whole region, which might be influenced by other factors of global scale.     

Statistical characteristics of chlorophylla concentration in Hong Kong’s coastal waters

In this paper seven of the ten Water Control Zones (WCZs) in Hong Kong’s coastal waters with monthly or bi-weekly sampling data of 17 parameters collected at 37 monitoring stations from 1988 to 1999 were selected to analyze the spatial and temporal variations of chlorophyll-a and its influencing factors. Cluster analysis was employed to group the monitoring stations based on the structure of the data set. Multiple step regression was employed to determine the significant influencing factors of chlorophyll-a level. The results suggest that all the monitoring stations could be grouped into two clusters. Cluster I with frequent red tide incidents comprises two WCZs which are semi-enclosed bays. Cluster II with less red tide occurrence comprises the other five WCZs in an estuarine environment in the west. For both clusters, the organic contents indicator, BOD5, was a common significant influencing factor of the chlorophyll-a level. Nitrogen and light penetration condition related to turbidity, total volatile solids and suspended solids had more influence on the cholophyll-a level in Cluster I than in Cluster II, while phosphorus and oceanographic conditions associated with salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH were more important in Cluster II than in Cluster I. Generally, there was a higher average chlorophyll-a level in winter and autumn in a year. The chlorophyll-a level was much higher in Cluster I than in Cluster II among all seasons. Although the chlorophyll-a concentration had great variations from place to place in Hong Kong’s coastal waters, it seemed to have a common long term fluctuation period of 8–10 years with a high-low-high variation in the period in the whole region, which might be influenced by other factors of global scale.     

广东沿海赤潮发生频率差异与城市发展的关系

将广东沿海划分成粤东、珠江口和粤西3个区域,采用每个区域主要城市有关经济指标与广东沿海1980~2002年赤潮发生频率的统计数据进行对比分析。研究结果表明：22年间广东沿海出现了2次赤潮高峰期,分别为1987~1992年和1998~2000年;珠江口海域为珠江水系入海口集中区域,广东陆源污染物集中于此出海,是赤潮发生的敏感区域。随城市的发展,陆源污染物进入海洋的数量加大,临近城市化发展较快的珠江口海域赤潮出现的频率高于其他城市化相对较慢的海域,同时沿海城市经济快速发展的时期也是赤潮出现的高峰期。     

A relationship between red tide outbreaks and urban development along the coasts of Guangdong Province

Red tides are one of the main coastal catastrophic events in Guangdong Province of southern China. The comparison between the number of red tide events and the development indexes of cities along the coasts of the province shows that the regional differences in red tide outbreaks has close relations with the coastal urban developments. The cause for an initiation of red tide blooms may be natural factors, while wastewater caused by the fast development of population, industry and aquiculture of the coastal cities enhanced the blooms. It may explain why the two periods of frequent outbreaks of the red tides over the last two decades matched the urban developments in the coastal areas of Guangdong not only spatially but also temporally. The red tides in the first period were restricted only to the coasts of middle Guangdong, where urbanization process was at a higher speed than the other coastal areas of the province. In the second period, fast development of the coastal cities in eastern Guangdong led to an increase in the occurrence of red tides in local sea areas of the same coasts.     

广东沿海赤潮发生与城市发展的关系

Red tides are one of the main coastal catastrophic events in Guangdong Province of southern China. The comparison between the number of red tide events and the development indexes of cities along the coasts of the province shows that the regional differences in red tide outbreaks has close relations with the coastal urban developments. The cause for an initiation of red tide blooms may be natural factors, while wastewater caused by the fast development of population, industry and aquiculture of the coastal cities enhanced the blooms. It may explain why the two periods of frequent outbreaks of the red tides over the last two decades matched the urban developments in the coastal areas of Guangdong not only spatially but also temporally. The red tides in the first period were restricted only to the coasts of middle Guangdong, where urbanization process was at a higher speed than the other coastal areas of the province. In the second period, fast development of the coastal cities in eastern Guangdong led to an increase in the occurrence of red tides in local sea areas of the same coasts.     

渤海湾西北岸全新世海侵问题的初步探讨

渤海湾西北岸的全新世海侵问题,已往对它缺乏系统研究。本文从全新世地层特征及其所含植物孢粉和微体古生物等方面,证实了本区在中全新世期间遭受过海侵,并根据海相生物分布和微地貌差异等进行综合分析,划出了这次海侵的范围。最后从河流—海洋水文动力条件,解释了渤海湾西北岸与西岸各自发育了牡蛎礁和贝壳堤的原因。     

Porewater geochemistry and solute flux from bottom sediments,Devils Lake,North Dakota

Sediment cores were collected for pore-water analysis from the eastern end of Devils Lake, located in northeastern North Dakota, to determine diagenetic reactions occurring in surficial bottom sediments and to evaluate the impact of these reactions on chemical concentrations in the overlying lake water. Sediment pore waters are enriched in major ions and nutrients relative to lake water. The principal sources of major ions to pore water are saline sediments located in the upper 1 m of bottom sediment. The principal source of titration alkalinity and nutrients to pore water is microbial decomposition of sedimentary organic matter by sulfate reduction. Sediment pore waters in the eastern part of Devils Lake have higher major-ion concentrations and solute-flux rates than the sediment pore waters in the central part of the lake. In contrast, sediment pore waters in the central part of Devils Lake have significantly higher nutrient concentrations and solute-flux rates. Major-ion concentrations and solute-flux rates in sediment pore water increase from west to east. These trends indicate that bottom-sediment diagenetic processes are, in part, responsible for the observed concentration gradient in the lake. The higher nutrient concentrations and the higher nutrient diffusional-flux rates in Main Bay are the result of more labile sedimentary organic matter and the occurrence of sulfate reduction. Environmentally-reactive trace-metal concentrations (Cu, Pb, Zn, and Fe) in bottom sediments decrease from west to east with distance from the surface-water sources and with increasing surface-water salinity.     

Environmental evolution in the salt-water intru-sion area south of Laizhou Bay since late Pleisto-cene

The south coastal plain of Laizhou Bay is one of the typical salt-water intrusion areas in China, the occurrence and development of which was closely related with the pa-laeoenvironment evolution. Systematic analyses of pollen, foraminifera and grain size com-position based on 14C and luminescence dating from two sediment cores were performed for the purpose of understanding the salt-water intrusion in the coastal plain of Laizhou Bay from the perspective of environmental evolution since late Pleistocene. It could be classified into seven evolution stages since 120 kaBP: 120–85 kaBP was a transition period from cold to warm; 85–76 kaBP was a period with warm and wet climate having swamp lakes developed in the lower reaches of the Weihe River, south coastal plain of Laizhou Bay; 76–50 kaBP was characterized by grassland vegetation and coarse sediments in terrestrial environment, which was the early stage of Dali Ice-Age; 50–24 kaBP was a period with alternate sea deposition in the south coastal plain of Laizhou Bay; 24–10 kaBP was the late stage of Dali Ice-Age with coldest period of Quaternary, the south coastal plain of Laizhou Bay was dry grassland and loess deposition environment; 10–4 kaBP was another warm and wet climate period, sea level was high and regressed at 4 kaBP; and has been the modern sedimentary environment since 4 kaBP. Among the three warm stages, including 85–76 kaBP, 50–24 kaBP and 10–4 kaBP, corresponded to late Yangkou, Guangrao and Kenli seawater transgression respec-tively. The duration of the latter one in south coastal plain of Laizhou Bay was longer than that in west coast of Bohai Sea and east coast of Laizhou Bay. The three periods of seawater transgression formed the foundation of salt-water intrusion in this area.