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以盘锦市大洼区中小河流为例,从水资源保护、水污染防治、水环境治理、水域岸线管理、执法监管的角度全面探究了河道保护现状.针对现阶段河道治理存在的问题,以改善与提升河流水环境、水生态为导向,以改革管理体制、创新工作思路为目标深入探究了河流管理保护对策,为提高河流管理效果、明确管理目标以及河长制的贯彻落实提供一定的参考. 相似文献
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河流污染总量控制分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《地下水》2015,(5)
随着社会经济的快速发展,使水污染负荷增加。水污染总量控制是进行水污染防治的水环境管理重要举措。污染物排放总量必须消减,水质必须改善。通过对污染物衰减系数、纳污能力的计算,叙述了怎样规划河流的污染物总量的控制方案,对水环境进行有力的保护。 相似文献
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为了合理的评价河流水质,根据集对分析原理,基于熵权建立了六元联系数水环境质量评价模型。应用该模型对平凉市主要河段8个监测断面5项水质指标进行评价,结果表明:模型评价客观、合理,符合平凉市实际情况。评价结果对今后河长制考核评估、保护当地水资源、防治地方水污染、改善区域水环境、修复泾河水生态具有一定的指导意义和参考价值。 相似文献
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由于满足人类生产生活的需求,人类对河道的开发利用使得河道水系变得纵横交错,在平原区的很多河道高程不断的变化,甚至河流流向变成了与原来相反;因此采用常规方法在利用DEM提取数字水系时就会产生断开或者假水系的情况.针对以上情况,本文建立了采用强可视化算法等方法进行DEM的处理及河系提取,具体为:首先在流域实际水系的基础上,提炼出可反映实际水系主要特征和过程的概化水系,其次对断开或不舍理处的DEM采用本文建立的强可视化算法进行分析,并采用缓冲区算法和双线性插值算法进行修改,最后对得到的DEM进行河系提取.运用以上方法,本文以天津市为倒进行了应用,并与传统算法和高程增量遮加方法提取的DEM水系相比较,结果表明该方法更适合平原区数字水系的提取,并能得到与实际情况吻合的水系. 相似文献
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结合一维圣维南方程及CSTR水质概念模型的机理,开发了平原环状河网非稳态水质模型,并用于温州市温瑞塘河水污染控制规划的编制中。模型由水文子模型和水质子模型两部分构成,描述了水体中COD、氨氮和DO浓度随时间、空间的动态变化。利用新开发的模型,采用试错法,估算了河网的水环境容量,并以此为基础确定了远、近期污染物排放控制目标;通过研究水质恢复的滞后性,提出可以采取引水冲污、人工曝气复氧等非常规措施来改善河网水质;并且利用情景分析方法,分别设定不同流量与不同开闸方式相组合的9种冲污情景,定量化探讨了引水冲污方案;根据曝气复氧对河网水质改善的作用特征,筛选出需要曝气复氧的重点河段和次重点河段。 相似文献
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总磷是长江流域水环境污染的首要超标因子,岷江作为长江上游流量最大的支流,总磷污染严重,对长江总磷污染贡献较大。为了解岷江流域总磷污染,采用排污系数法,计算得到2016年岷江流域污染源总磷入河量为1 154 t,以农村生活污染负荷占比最高(51.3%),其次为城镇生活源(28.7%)、农业非点源(8.24%)、工业源(9.57%)、畜禽养殖源(1.21%),城市径流源(0.99%)最低;在空间上岷江流域总磷污染负荷呈中游(64.2%)>下游(32.6%)>上游(3.1%)的特点,与岷江干流总磷浓度变化趋势相符,其中成都市总磷污染负荷最高(51.2%),与区域人口密度高、生产和生活活动密集有关。结合资料收集和现场调查,岷江流域总磷污染成因主要包括农村生活污染治理缺口较大、城镇生活污染处理基础设施建设不足、工业企业密布、部分支流总磷污染严重、水污染治理导向不全面。针对岷江总磷污染负荷分布特征及成因,提出“上游保护优质水体、中游治理重污染水体、下游恢复不达标水体”的分区污染防治对策,统筹流域监管体制机制,强化岷江流域水环境保护和治理。 相似文献
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Fang-ting Wang Ke Bao Chang-sheng Huang Rui-ping Liu Wen-jing Han Cheng-yun Yi Long Li Yun Zhou 《China Geology》2022,5(1):171-184
Microplastic pollution has become an environmental issue of great concern owing to the persistence of microplastics and their potential adverse effects on biota.The Yangtze River is the longest river in China and the third-longest river in the world,and the microplastics in this river will affect the health of a large population living along with it.To ensure the survival safety of people,it is essential to plan ahead and investigate in advance in order to understand the microplastic pollution in the river and work out countermeasures.This paper reviews the literature concerning the microplastic pollution in the Yangtze River basin and analyzes the abundance,shapes,colors,and composition of microplastics in the water bodies and sediments in the trunk stream and main lakes of the Yangtze River.The results are as follows.Compared to other river basins in China and abroad,the microplastics in the Yangtze River basin have a moderate abundance and high spatial heterogeneity.Owing to the barrier effect of the Three Gorges Dam on microplastics,the abundance of microplastics in the Three Gorges Reservoir is generally an order of magnitude higher than that in other sections of the river.Most microplastics in the water bodies and sediments are less than 1 mm in size and are transparent and colorful.In terms of shapes,they are dominated by fibers,followed by fragments and films.In terms of composition,the microplastics in the source region of the Yangtze River are mainly composed of nylon and polyethylene,while the microplastics in the surface water from the lower reaches of the Jinsha River to the Yangtze River estuary are dominated by polypropylene and polyethylene.The microplastics are primarily derived from the secondary microplastics in the environment,and relatively intensive human activities increase the abundance of microplastics.These results serve as bases for understanding and preventing microplastic pollution in the Yangtze River. 相似文献
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1990-2016年湘江干流水质变化特征及影响因素分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于1990-2016年湘江干流主要断面的水质监测数据,采用综合污染指数法、Spearman秩相关检验和主成分分析法对流域水环境质量演变特征进行综合评价,并结合社会经济指标识别流域主要污染源。综合污染指数结果表明湘江水环境变化趋势明显分为两个阶段,1990-1996年间为水质变好阶段,除个别值外污染指数均小于0.2,1997-2016年间水质呈恶化趋势,水质维持在Ⅲ~IV类之间;Spearman秩相关检验结果表明污染物浓度总体呈增加趋势,其中TP、CODMn、Cd、Pb和石油类显著上升;主成分分析结果表明流域污染物主要为NH4+-N、TP和Cd,污染源为生活点源和农业面源,从上游到下游污染程度明显增大,其中湘潭断面水质污染最严重,综合得分为0.9006,道县断面相对较轻,综合得分为-0.7014,城镇化因素是影响流域水环境的主要驱动因素。研究结果可为流域水环境保护和水生态修复提供科学依据。 相似文献
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To determine selected water pollution parameters of the Anyang River (one of the biggest contributory branches of the Han
River in Korea) and its main tributaries, the geological and topographical and rainfall features in its basin were investigated,
and the resulting data were tabulated. Samples were collected at the upper, mid and down parts of the Anyang River and its
branches and were analyzed based on biochemical and chemical methods, Korean biotic index (KBI) and Saprobien systems. Selected
parameters of concern include BOD, heavy metals, nonpoint pollution and sewage discharge. The Anyang River basin has a torrential
heavy rainfall; however, the rate of rainfall significantly varies from season to season. Water pollution levels in the dry
season increase dramatically. The mainstream of the Anyang River is classified as fifth grade polysaprobic water according
to Saprobien system. In addition, the biotic index is over 2.5 in overall. General pollution at the junction of the Anyang
River and each branch stream varies. Possible countermeasures to improve the water quality of the river include intercept
the non-treated waste water and sewage at the Anyang River junction and each branch stream, enforcement of water management
during the rainy season, and continuous investment on environmental restoration. 相似文献
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铜陵矿区主要河流水质分析与污染评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
铜陵矿区是长江下游重要的铜铁资源基地,也是典型的含硫多金属矿区,矿山酸性废水是矿业开发活动不可避免的环境问题,对地表水体有很大影响。本文以铜陵矿区主要河流为研究对象,通过野外调查采样和室内测试分析,从常规理化性质、矿山酸性废水和重金属元素三方面分析了的水质现状,采用单因子指数和内梅罗水质指数法进行了污染评价。结果表明:(1)矿区河流污染成分以有机污染和矿山酸性废水污染为主,其次是重金属污染。(2)在检测的46个河段中, 按综合污染指数大小分级,共计有93.48%的河段受到不同程度的污染,其中,水质严重污染的河段占 4.35%,水质重污染的河段占13.04%,水质污染的河段占 65.22%,水质轻污染的河段占10.87%;共计有6.52%的河段水质较好,均为清洁状态。(3)3条河流按污染程度大小依次为新桥河>顺安河>红星河,除顺安河外,其他均受到了矿山酸性废水污染。今后应重点关注矿山酸性废水的污染机理与风险评估,加强矿区水环境保护与恢复治理工作。 相似文献
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借助于GIS技术对大流域进行划分与编码.修正实测河道上部分栅格单元的高程,以避免大面积“伪洼地”的出现,从修正后的栅格型数字高程模型(DEM)提取出与实测河网比较一致的模拟河网.提取出模拟河网后,再进行河网的编码,以及流域的划分与编码.提出了一种对Pfafstetter规则的改进方法,并且按照改进后的Pfafstetter规则来对河网与流域进行编码.所有编码工作是由本次研究中专门编制的程序来自动完成.将提出的方法应用于黄河流域,将整个黄河流域划分为8 255个子流域并赋予了Pfafstetter编码. 相似文献
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矿产资源以其不可再生性和开发利用过程中环境问题的严重性而备受世人关注。广西刁江流域的源头地带是著名的大厂矿区,较典型地反映了矿山资源开发与环境保护之间的对立关系。重点解剖刁江流域矿山及矿山开发的环境响应,探讨水环境响应。结果表明,刁江流域对上游的矿山开发存在着显著的环境响应现象,在距矿区200km以外的下游地带仍然可以观察到这种响应;刁江河水被严重污染,河床上沉积了大量尾砂。严重的水环境污染破坏了河流水生生态系统,曾造成刁江中上游河段鱼虾绝迹。河床上的尾砂沉积范围广、厚度大,重金属As、Pb、Zn、Cd含量非常高,除直接危害了水环境质量外,还造成河道泄洪能力下降和洪水淹没范围的扩大,构成对沿江土壤环境和生态环境的严重威胁。 相似文献
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Classification of rivers based on water quality assessment using factor analysis in Taizi River basin, northeast China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A method for river classification based on water quality assessment (WQA) was introduced using factor analysis (FA) in this paper. Sixty-nine sampling sites and 20 water quality parameters in Taizi River basin were selected for monitoring and analysis. Five factors were determined in FA, denoted as general, hardness, trophic, nitrogen pollution, and physical factors. The total factor scores (TFSs) of the WQA results from all sampling sites were calculated by the eigenvalue and factor score of each factor. The TFSs of 69 sites were interpolated with the measure of inverse distance weighted in the river buffer zone generated by ArcGIS 9.2 software to form a continuous spatial distribution along river channels. All streams were divided into five classes marked “excellent”, “good”, “fair”, “poor”, and “seriously polluted”. The classification result showed that the water quality of Taizi River basin deteriorated gradually from the mountain area to the plain area. Sewage and intensive human activities contributed to the deterioration of water quality since towns and farmland were dotted densely along the river basin. 相似文献