对偶氮水杨酸苯基萤光酮的研究及应用 Ⅱ.Ga-p-CHPA-PF-Tween80光度法测定痕量镓

自制的新显色剂2,3,7-三羟基-9-〔4-(3-羧基-4-羟基苯)-偶氮〕-苯基萤光酮,(简称p-CHPA-PF),在微碱性介质中,有表面活性剂存在下,与Ga(Ⅲ)显色,形成紫红色三元配合物。配合物λ_(max)=554nm,表观摩尔吸光系数ε＇_(554)=1.2×10~5L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),ε＇_(554-500)=1.79×10~5L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),Ga在0—10μg/25ml范围内符合比尔定律。用本法测定岩矿中痕量Ga,结果满意。     

钴—5—Br—PADNm络合物的光度性质研究及其应用

本文研究了钴(Ⅱ)-5-Br-PADNm络合物的光度性质。在pH5.0缓冲溶液中,有TritonX-100存在时,Co~(2 )与5-Br-PADNm形成1:2红色络合物,λ_(max)为547nm,ε为1.35×10~5l·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)。所提出的方法用于矿石及茶叶中Co的测定,得到满意结果。     

丙酮对Ga—ECR—CPB体系的增敏效应及其应用

本文研究了在CPB-丙酮存在下,Ga(Ⅲ)与依莱铬菁R的显色反应、提出了应用此体系高灵敏光度测定矿样中微量Ga(Ⅲ)的新方法。该体系在585nm处表观摩尔吸光系数为2.5×10~5L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)。并对丙酮的增敏机理进行了讨论。     

桂东南大容山-十万大山S型花岗岩带的成因：地球化学及Sr-Nd-Hf同位素制约

本文报道桂东南大容山-十万大山花岗岩带浦北岩体(东北带)、旧州岩体(中部带)和台马岩体(西南带)全岩的主、微量元素、Sr-Nd同位素和锆石的LAM-MC-ICPMS原位Hf同位素分析结果。岩石学及元素地球化学结果显示:上述三个岩体为典型S型花岗岩;高I_(Sr)(>0.721)和低ε_(Nd)(t)(-13.0～-9.9)意味着它们可能来自古老地壳的重熔。岩浆结晶(～230Ma)锆石的ε_(Hf)(t)值主要集中在-11～-9,相应的T_(DM2)模式年龄为1.9～1.8Ga;少数结晶锆石的ε_(Hf)(t)值逐渐升高到-4.5,T_(DM2)降低为～1.5Ga。捕获锆石(1681～384Ma)的的ε_(Hf)(t)值分布在-17.1～ 3.4,T_(DM2)主要集中在2.4Ga、1.9Ga和1.5Ga。大部分岩浆结晶锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值与根据"全岩ε_(Nd)(t)值和‘地壳Hf-Nd相关’预测值"基本一致,表明平均地壳存留年龄为1.9Ga的地壳是最重要的物源区。部分岩浆锆石与捕获锆石具有相同的T_(DM2)～1.5Ga,表明平均地壳存留年龄为1.5Ga的物源区参与了该花岗岩带的形成;由于缺少T_(DM2)>2.0Ga的岩浆锆石,少量平均地壳存留年龄为2.4Ga的再循环地壳物质参与了该花岗岩带的形成。因为缺少显著幔源特征的高ε_(Hf)(t)值锆石,本文认为地幔物质基本没有参与该S型花岗岩带的形成。     

Sm—Nd and Zircon U—Pb Isotopic Constraints on the Age of Formation of the Precambrian Crust in Southeast China

Nd model ages(TDM) of the Pre-Mesozoic crustal rock samples from Southeast China range from 1.2 to 3.5Ga.Two age peaks of 1.4Ga and 1.8 Ga are observed in the histogram of TDM model ages.Available U-Pb zircon inheritance ages are concentrated around 1.2-1.4Ga,1.8Ga and 2.5Ga,respectively.The combined use of Sm-Nd and U-Pb zircon inheritance ages suggests that the formation of the Precambrian curst is of episodic character.The oldest crustal nucleus may have been formed during the Late Archean(2.5Ga or older?).A rapid production of the crust took place 1.8 Ga ago,consistent with the global crust formation event at 1.7-1.9Ga.Another important episode of the addition of juvenile crustal material from the mantle in Southeast China took place 1.2-1.4Ga ago,during which the pre-existing crust was strongly reworked and/or remelted.     

TBP萃淋树脂分离光度法测定岩矿中痕量镓

在pH 6.5—8.3的磷酸盐缓冲介质中,Ga-邻氯苯基荧光酮—CPB显色体系的λ_(mex)=576nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.38×10~5L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),Ga量在0—8μg/25ml范围服从比尔定律。引入联合掩蔽剂可提高Fe、Al、Cu等干扰的允许量。详细研究了在HCl介质中TBP萃淋树脂对Ga和主要干扰元素的吸附行为,提出用HCl-抗坏血酸—氨三乙酸淋洗杂质,水洗脱Ga。其富集Ga和分离大量干扰元素的效果好,Ga回收率在97.8—105％范围。方法经岩石、土壤和水系沉积物标样验证,结果与推荐值相符。测定镁铝榴石、透辉石、闪锌矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿、黄铁矿等中痕量Ga结果与其它方法吻合。     

华北克拉通南缘下汤地区古元古代构造热事件——地球化学特征、锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年和Hf同位素研究

本文报道了华北克拉通南缘鲁山县下汤地区早前寒武纪变质基底岩石的地球化学、锆石定年和Hf同位素组成。上太华岩群两个变质沉积岩样品的变质锆石年龄为1.91~1.93 Ga,由于变质作用强烈改造,碎屑锆石真正的形成年龄难以确定。碎屑锆石ε_(Hf)(t)和t_(DMW(CC))(Hf)分别为-0.26~10.41和2244~2958 Ma。一个变质辉长闪长岩样品的捕获锆石年龄为2.32 Ga,变质锆石年龄为1.93 Ga。捕获锆石的ε_(Hf)(t)和t_(DM2(CC))(Hf)分别为-1.79~2.22和2695~2940 Ma。两个片麻状奥长花岗岩样品的岩浆锆石和变质锆石年龄分别为1.93 Ga和1.92 Ga,岩浆锆石的ε_(Hf)(t)和t_(DM2(CC))(Hf)分别为-3.30~1.30和2481~2764 Ma。一个片麻状正长花岗岩样品的岩浆锆石和变质锆石年龄分别为1.93 Ga和1.92 Ga,岩浆锆石的ε_(Hf)(t)和t_(DM2(CC))(Hf)分别为-3.67~2.40和2415~2788 Ma。结合地球化学和前人研究结果,可得出如下结论:(1)上太华岩群形成时代形成于古元古代早期;(2)进一步支持了该区存在约2.3 Ga岩浆作用的认识;(3)发现广泛分布的1.91~1.93 Ga壳源奥长花岗岩和正长花岗岩;(4)确定1.91~1.94 Ga变质作用在该区广泛发育。     

豫西地区秦岭造山带武当群Nd-Hf同位素组成及其物源特征

武当群变质沉积-火山岩组合是南秦岭地体中重要的基底岩石,其形成时代和地球化学特征可以为理解秦岭造山带的构造演化提供重要的证据.本文报道豫西地区武当群上部沉积岩和下部中-酸性火山岩Sm-Nd同位素和锆石Lu-Hf同位素组成,探讨火山岩成因和沉积岩物源的同位素特征.上部沉积岩的碎屑锆石初始ε_(Hf)值变化在-30～+10之间,对应的模式年龄值t_(DM2)在1.0Ga至3.2Ga之间,初始ε_(Nd)值在-4.0至-6.0之间.沉积物源表现为主要与扬子陆块有亲缘关系的地壳物质和近源的下部火山岩混合的特征.火山岩的锆石初始εHf值变化在-35～+15之间,对应的模式年龄值t_(DM2)在0.8Ga至3.5Ga之间,集中于1.5～1.8Ga和2.2～2.4Ga两个峰值.2个变质石英角斑岩样品初始ε_(Nd)值分别为-9.2和-10.7,而报道的湖北武当群的玄武-安山质熔岩的初始ε_(Nd)值以正值为主.因此,武当群不同类型的火山岩可能存在着成因差异.具有低初始ε_(Nd)值和ε_(Hf)值特征的火山岩可能由地壳物质的重熔而形成的;有些火山岩具有初始ε_(Hf)值变化范围较大(-35～+15)或正初始ε_(Nd)值的特点,可能是壳、幔物质混合成因,有显著的幔源或新生地壳物质的贡献.武当群Nd-Hf同位素组成和碎屑锆石年龄分布特征表明,与扬子陆块有亲缘关系的南秦岭地体在元古代期间可能经历多期地壳增生和再造作用.     

5—Br—DMPAP和铀的显色反应及其应用

在pH 7-8范围内,磺基水杨酸存在下,铀和5-Br-DMPAP形成三元配合物,吸收峰位于580nm,配合物摩尔吸光系数7.2×10~4L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)。铀含量在0—40μg/25ml范围符合比尔定律。方法灵敏度高,应用于铌钽矿中铀的测定,结果满意。     

萃取富集—ICP—AES测定地质样品中痕量镓铟铊

本文研究了分步萃取-ICP-AES法测定地质试样中痕量Ga、In和Tl的最佳条件。首先在pH9左右,用吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸铵(APLC)-甲基异丁酮(MIBK)萃取In和Tl,然后在6mol/LHCl介质中用MIBK萃取Ga,再将有机相分别直接引入ICP-AES进行测定。方法较简便实用,经地质标样验证,结果满意。     

岩石坚硬程度对核电厂地基-基础地震响应特征的影响分析

考虑核电厂地基-基础的动力相互作用,应用显式动力有限差分法分析了地震作用下极软岩、较软岩、坚硬岩上核电厂建筑结构基础的地震响应特征,比较了岩石坚硬程度对基础加速度反应谱的影响。研究表明：随着岩石坚硬程度的提高,核电厂建筑物结构基础的地震响应有增加的趋势;在周期轴上,基础处的加速度反应谱曲线会随着岩石坚硬程度的提高逐渐向短周期（高频段）方向移动。在高频段,建造于较坚硬岩石上基础结构的加速度反应谱值偏大;在中等频段,建造于较软岩石上基础结构的加速度反应谱值偏大;在低频段,岩石坚硬程度对加速度反应谱的影响不显著。     

Strains of scattering of near-field of a point source

Three dimensional scattering of near-field is studied for dilatation and rotation in the time domain. The perturbation method is applied to solve the equation of motion for the first order scattering from a weak inhomogeneity in an otherwise homogeneous medium. The inhomogeneity is assumed close enough to the point source so that the near-field intermediate wave is dominating over the far-field sphericalP andS pulses. The integral expressions are derived to relate dilatation and rotation of scattering to the radial fluctuations of velocities and density in the inhomogeneity. These integrals are solved to calculate the strains of scattering from (a part of) an inhomogeneous spherical shell of arbitrary curvature. Variable curvature may allow the shape of inhomogeneity volume element to change uniformly from spherical to rectangular. Rotation of scattering from a spherical shell is independent ofP wave velocity inhomogeneity. Dilatation of scattering does not involveS wave velocity inhomogeneity but its gradient. The back scattering results are obtained as a special case. Strains are computed numerically, for hypothetical models to study the effects of various parameters viz., velocity inhomogeneity, distance of source from inhomogeneity and from receiver, and thickness of inhomogeneity. The curvature of the spherical shell is varied to study the effects of the shape of inhomogeneous volume element on scattering.     

土石坝心墙水力劈裂分析

简要分析了水力劈裂的发生条件、力学机理。基于水压楔劈机理,利用有限元方法建立了一种水力劈裂的发生判定方法。该方法假定心墙预先存在局部渗透弱面（裂缝）,通过将裂缝位置的单元材料改为裂缝软材料,考虑库水进入裂缝后对裂缝周围土体的作用,建立水力劈裂分析的平面有限元模型,确定裂缝端部垂直于裂缝面的正应力,进而依据该正应力判断水力劈裂发生的可能性,该方法同时可模拟水力劈裂的发展过程。     

Geochemistry of Thermal Waters of Continental Margin of Far East of Russia

Studied waters belong to warm(T=30-50℃),alkaline(pH=8.9-9.3),low mineralized(TDS235 mg/1)Na-HCO_3 or Na-SO_4-HCO_3 thermal waters with high content of SiO_2(up to 81 mg/l)and F(up to 3.9 mg/1),occur on modern volcano-tectonic rejuvenated areas of Eastern Sikhote-Alin orogenic belt.Low~3He concentration as well as N_2/O_2 and N_2/Ar ratios exclude influence of deep mantle fluid.New rare earth element data constrain our understandmg of water-rock interaction occurring in the water source region.Meteoric origin of waters is proved by stable isotope values varying from-71‰to-136.1‰and from-10.8‰to-18.8‰forδ~2U andδ~(18)O respectively.REE patterns reflect high pH,resultfing from water-rock interaction and oxidative conditions.Calculations of deep aquifer temperature using Na-K and quartz geothermometers show 116.8-131.1°C and 82.2-125.8℃respectively.Presence of deep faults both with abnormal thermal gradient(~45-50 K/km)define unique geochemical shape of thermal waters of Sikhote-Alin,area,where no present volcanic activity is registered.     

土钉支护失稳分析

某基坑采用复合土钉墙支护,开挖至坑底后,基坑北侧发生失稳事故。本文就其事故发生原因作一探讨。     

地震次生地质灾害风险评估集对态势分析

5．12四川汶川8级强震引发了大量次生地质灾害,加剧了灾情并严重影响抗震救灾。地震次生地质灾害受多重因素制约,其孕育与致灾过程具有不确定性。利用集对分析原理与方法,对地震次生地质灾害进行同异反态势分析,拟定了风险评估的集对分析同一度、差异度、对立度等指标体系的构建原则与赋值标准,对承灾体系统的不确定性及其作用作了刻画与分析,建立了不同风险分区代表性的集对分析联系度表达式,为地震灾害研究提供了可资借鉴的新思路和技术方法。     

下扬子区三叠纪古地理演化

下扬子区在三叠纪期间接受了早-中三叠世海相碳酸盐沉积、中-晚三叠世海陆交互相和陆相湖沼沉积.沉积相带的空间分布和古地理格局的变迁明显地受到区域构造的控制.区内盆地发育与演化是在华南板块与扬子板块、扬子板块与华北板块相互作用的背景下进行的.早-中三叠世末期的印支运动是下扬子区构造-古地理格局改变的决定性因素,使下扬子海盆闭合,沉积类型由海相沉积变为陆相沉积.下扬子区三叠纪古地理的演化特征也为板块碰撞提供了沉积证据.     

多年冻土融沉性分类研究

在冻土工程中,冻土的融沉性评价是工程地质勘察的主要内容之一,融沉性分类是冻土地基基础设计施工的重要依据．根据345个冻土原状样品融沉压缩试验数据,提出了细砾、砂土、粉土、黏性土、泥炭化黏性土和泥炭质土等6类土的融沉系数一含水量或融沉系数一超塑含水量线性回归方程式,得到与各融沉性分级相应的界限含水量或界限超塑含水量．最后...     

Kinetics of dehydration of Ca-montmorillonite

Isothermal thermogravimetric experiments have been carried out to determine the reaction kinetics of the dehydration processes in fuller's earth, a natural Ca-montmorillonite. Dehydration in swelling clays is a complex reaction, and analysis of the thermogravimetric data using empirical rate equations and time-transformation analysis reveals that the nature of the rate controlling mechanism is dependent upon both the temperature regime of the sample as well as the extent of reaction. For fuller's earth, we find that the dehydration kinetics are dominated by a nucleation and growth mechanism at low temperatures and fractions transformed (stage I), but above 90 °C the last stages of the reaction are diffusion controlled (stage II). The activation energy for dehydration during stage I is around 35 kJ · mol⁻¹, whereas the removal of water during stage II requires an activation energy of around 50 kJ · mol⁻¹. These two stages of dehydration are associated with primary collapse of the interlayer (stage I) and movement of water that is hydrated to cations within the interlayer (stage II). Received: 28 August 1998 / Revised, accepted: 27 January 1999