航空瞬变电磁法在火山岩型块状硫化物矿区的试验

为推进航空瞬变电磁法在我国浅覆盖区寻找多金属矿的应用,选择在已知火山岩型块状硫化物(VMS)矿区开展航空瞬变电磁法测量试验,结果显示:反演电阻率断面图中低阻异常与勘探剖面探明的矿体十分吻合,反演电阻率剖面400 m处切面和时间常数τ圈定的航电异常与主矿区位置一致。证明航空瞬变电磁法在寻找火山岩型块状硫化物矿床中效果显著,值得在该类多金属找矿工作中推广应用。     

航空瞬变电磁TS150测量数据的校正分析

在航空电磁测量工作中发现,由于地面障碍物的存在以及气流的变化,吊舱离地的高度会发生起伏变化,同时伴随有吊舱姿态的变化,并产生干扰航电异常;据此航空瞬变电磁测量的原始数据需要进行高度校正和姿态校正,但目前引进的国外航空电磁测量系统未配有姿态测量设备。本文根据航空瞬变电磁理论分析吊舱的离地高度和姿态的变化对电磁响应影响的变化情况,通过2条测线数据的校正效果,证明高度校正和姿态校正的有效性及必要性,提出航空瞬变电磁测量系统加装吊舱姿态测量设备的建议。     

航空瞬变电磁、航磁在新疆元宝山地区金铜多金属找矿中的应用

新疆元宝山地区位于我国东天山觉罗塔格成矿带以金矿为优势矿种的康古尔塔格矿集区内,区内已发现康古尔、马头滩等多个金矿床(点)。近年来,这些矿床面临着资源枯竭的危机,需要寻求一种便捷快速的面积性物探找矿技术方法,为该区找矿突破提供线索。通过在该区开展1∶25000航空瞬变电磁、航磁测量工作,发现区内康古尔和马头滩金矿在航空瞬变电磁中期测道反映明显,与低阻异常具有良好的对应关系;同时,矿体多处于负磁场梯度带上,周边可见弱磁异常。以此为基础,在研究区内圈定找矿靶区6个,其中2个经验证发现矿(化)体,找矿成果显著,为在康古尔塔格矿集区内寻找同类矿床提供了方法借鉴。     

吊舱式直升机频率域电磁系统 在广东龙门地区的勘查效果

以2005年广东龙门地区1:5万比例尺的直升机航空电磁、磁综合测量资料为基础,并结合地质矿产资料,对广东龙门地区的航磁异常特征、航空电磁异常特征与矿产的关系进行了分析与研究.尤其是利用本次工作研究的电磁异常特征分类法对该区的航空电磁局部异常进行了分类,有效地识别了电磁干扰异常,优选了对找矿有意义的电磁异常.经过对优选的3处局部异常进行地面查证,空地异常对应良好,并指出了多处对找矿有意义的地下良导体.     

航空瞬变电磁法在阿奇山铅锌矿床的应用效果及找矿意义

正航空瞬变电磁法(简称航电)是近年来国际上普遍使用的一种多金属矿探测技术,该方法测量速度快、效率高、受地形影响小。随着我国矿产资源勘查难度的加大,新方法新技术的应用变得尤为重要。航空瞬变电磁法在黑龙江、内蒙、新疆等地试验性开展工作,获得较好找矿效果。新疆东天山成矿带是新疆最重要的成矿带地区之一,为了加快阿奇山-黑尖山一带多金属矿找矿步伐,该地区引入     

航空时间域电磁法在澳大利亚新英格兰造山带铜多金属矿靶区优选与评价中的应用

澳大利亚新英格兰造山带构造演化历史复杂,已知铜多金属矿床(点)众多,成矿条件较为优越,是实现铜多金属矿找矿突破的有利区域。通过以航空时间域电磁法测量为核心的工作手段,以航电、磁异常为基础,以"类比—求同"为靶区优选评价指导思想,对新英格兰造山带某探矿权内开展铜多金属矿靶区优选和评价工作。在该地形条件复杂的工作区内,快速、科学有效圈定并优选出铜多金属矿找矿靶区共计9处,其中Ⅰ类找矿靶区3处,Ⅱ类找矿靶区5处,Ⅲ类找矿靶区1处,为在境内外类似工作条件的地区快速有效开展铜多金属矿找矿靶区优选和评价工作提供了参考案例。     

航电在高山区找矿快速突破中的应用

为了寻找一种快速、高效的地球物理找矿手段,在我国西部高山地区——青海省五龙沟开展了大比例尺航电示范测量,采用高精度测量和随地形缓起伏飞行的方式获得了区内高质量的航电数据,通过数据处理,结合物性资料分析了示范区的电磁场特征,进行了异常筛选及异常解释工作,结合快速钻探查证实现了示范区找矿工作的"当年飞行、当年查证、当年见矿"的找矿工作新模式的快速突破。从完成的航电调查工作与找矿效果来看,在高山地区开展航电测量具有速度快、精度高、费用低和找矿效果显著等特点,具有广泛的应用前景和推广价值。     

江西宜黄地区物探组合异常特征与矿产

根据江西宜黄地区直升机航空电磁、磁综合测量资料,以及重点勘查区块的地面双频激电、地面磁测资料,探讨了航空、地面物探组合异常特征与矿产分布的关系。在综合分析的基础上,建立了该区寻找铁、铅锌等物探组合异常找矿标志,并圈定了12处寻找铁、铅锌等重要找矿目标,为该区寻找铁、铅锌等矿产提供了重要线索。     

综合电磁法在凤太二里河铅锌矿深部的找矿效果分析

二里河铅锌矿是凤太矿集区中具有代表性的重要铅锌矿床之一,近些年找矿方向转向已知矿体深部及外围。根据二里河地区地质、地球物理特征,结合多年在凤太地区的综合地球物理找矿工作,分析了回线源瞬变电磁法、电性源短偏移距瞬变电磁法及广域电磁法在二里河地区的实际应用效果,对3种方法的特点和适用性进行总结,认为：回线源瞬变电磁法、电性源短偏移距瞬变电磁法及广域电磁法在该地区深部找矿具有可行性;回线源瞬变电磁法对于圈定矿体水平位置具有较好的效果,电性源短偏移距瞬变电磁法对低阻异常较为敏感,广域电磁法分辨率较高,同时探测深度可达到2 500 m。此外针对二里河矿区的找矿工作,提出物探工作建议：采用以广域电磁法和电性源短偏移距瞬变电磁法为首选的综合电磁探测方法,同时应尽可能采用长剖面和面积性物探工作。     

三角波场源航空瞬变电磁测量的高度校正方法分析

近年,我国在引进国外航空瞬变电磁测量系统后开展了一系列的生产活动,但尚未建立一套航空瞬变电磁数据处理规范,航空电磁测量数据处理技术仍有待进一步完善.其中航空瞬变电磁测量数据因存在起伏飞行,在低阻地区形成明显的干扰异常,需要进行飞行高度校正,本文主要讨论高度校正的数据处理方法.通过高度校正数据处理方法的分析,得出三角波场...     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.