山东平邑盆地PYZK01钻孔白垩系—古近系界线附近生物地层及磁性地层特征研究

在白垩纪与古近纪之交,全球发生了以恐龙集群灭绝和哺乳动物兴起为代表的重大事件,白垩系与古近系界线(Cretaceous—Paleogene boundary,KPB)研究成为热点。虽然近年来KPB研究取得了重要进展,但许多非海相地层领域的重要问题并未得到解决,因此建立非海相白垩系—古近系界线层型很有必要。山东平邑盆地的卞桥组为一套连续的湖相碳酸岩沉积,在前人大量研究基础上认为其是进行非海相KPB研究的理想地层单元之一。本文通过对平邑卞桥镇佟家庄北PYZK01钻孔的生物地层研究,获得了丰富的古生物化石,根据其分布特征建立了1个Porochara anluensis—Chara yuntaishanensis var.acuta—Turbochara specialis轮藻化石组合,1个Deltoidospora adriensis—Rugubivesiculites—Schizaeoisporites孢粉化石组合,认为该钻孔0～12.25 m地层时代为古近纪,37.80～60.00 m地层时代为晚白垩世最晚期。12.25～37.80 m地层时代为晚白垩世—古近纪过渡段,白垩系—古近系界线存在于该段。通过磁性地层研究,确立了8个正极性带和7个反极性带,建立了钻孔磁极性序列,并提出了与国际标准的磁极性年代柱的对比方案。同时,经过探讨初步认为PYZK01钻孔中的白垩纪/古近纪界线位于孔深31.98 m处的卞桥组一段内。关键字:     

山东平邑盆地官庄群有关地层的重新厘定

平邑盆地的官庄群是我国罕见的富含碳酸盐岩和石膏岩的非海相河湖沉积,中生界-新生界界线连续,孢粉和其他微体生物化石丰富,对研究我国华北地区晚白垩世与古新世生物群及其演变、白垩系-古近系界线以及晚白垩世晚期的地质事件等具有十分重要的意义,引起众多地质学者的关注。通过对平邑盆地官庄群岩石地层的详细考察及对其赋存的生物群的研究,对固城组和卞桥组的定义进行了厘定。固城组为下粗上细的红色砂砾岩和砂泥岩,含砾石,其成分基本为火山岩,含晚白垩世孢粉和其他微体化石,时代为晚白垩世晚期;卞桥组为一套富含碳酸盐岩和石膏的地层,富含晚白垩世晚期至古新世孢粉和其他微体化石,可分为3个岩性段,白垩系-古近系界线在卞桥组一段的一、二亚段之间。     

胶莱盆地胶州组生物地层及白垩系/古近系界线

胶莱盆地是我国东部典型的陆相中生代断陷盆地,盆地内王氏群胶州组为一套河湖相沉积,为跨晚白垩世和古新世的岩石地层单元。为确定胶莱盆地的白垩系/古近系(K/Pg)界线位置,笔者对胶州市的胶州组露头剖面进行测量,并实施了科学钻探JZK01孔和JZK02孔。对露头和钻孔剖面进行系统取样,在胶州组下部发现Turbochara specialis-Collichara taizhouensis-Hornichara prolixa-Raskyaechara gobica轮藻组合、Talicypridea reticulata-Cypridea cavernosa-Mongolocypris distributa-Ziziphocypris simakovi以及3个孢粉组合:Ulmoideipites-Ulmipollenites minor-A quilapollenites minor孢粉组合、Deltoidospora-Schizaeoisporites孢粉组合和Callistopoleenlits-Quercoidites-榆科孢粉组合。在胶州组上部发现Peckichara varzans-Grovesichara changzhuensis-Chara yuntaishanensis轮藻组合和Porpocypris sphaeroidalis-Sinocyphs cf.funingensis-Mongolocypris longa介形类组合。胶州组下部和上部层位的时代分别被确定为晚白垩世马斯特里赫特期和古新世早、中期,并将JZK02孔的K/Pg界线确定在40.95-73 m之间,JZK01孔确定在9.7-35.55 m之间。     

跑马岗组时代涉及的若干重大问题

湖北当阳新店—跑马岗剖面的跑马岗组跨白垩系与古近系 ,所含轮藻、介形类化石的丰富程度极为罕见。跑马岗组的时代问题与白垩系 -古近系界线及其陆相辅助层型的建立、印度德干玄武岩沉积夹层的时代、印度与亚洲大陆联合的时代和白垩系 -古近系界线事件起因假说等数个重大地学问题 ,以及江汉盆地深层油气资源评价密切相关 ,值得重视 ,尽早搞清     

鲁西南莱芜、蒙阴、平邑盆地早第三纪地层的划分和对比

鲁西南地区分布着近东西向大致平行排列的早第三纪盆地群。在蒙阴、莱芜盆地早第三纪沉积称为官庄组，在平邑盆地称为卞桥组。依据沉积物特征和沉积旋回都能分为下段、中段和上段。通过对哺乳动物、介形类、轮藻、腹足类和孢粉等化石的研究可确定中段的沉积时代为早始新世，通过对轮藻、介形类和哺乳类动物的研究能确定下段和上段分别为始新世早期和中期。在卞桥组中段和官庄组中段发现介形类Ｃｙｐｒｉｄｅａ属，该属起源于晚侏罗世或早白垩世，在早白垩世繁盛，晚白垩世逐渐衰落，灭绝于晚古新世或早始新世，在早始新世沉积中的发现，是迄今在我国发现的最高层位。     

中国陆相侏罗系—白垩系界线及其国际地层对比——以冀北—辽西地区侏罗系—白垩系年代地层为例

冀北—辽西地区陆相侏罗系—白垩系发育,各类生物化石丰富,并夹有火山岩,是利用岩石地层、生物地层、同位素测年和磁性年代地层综合研究侏罗系\\白垩系界线的理想地区。冀北滦平盆地侏罗系\\白垩系界线附近的地层为大北沟组和大店子组,辽西义县—北票地区侏罗系\\白垩系界线附近的地层为土城子组和义县组。大店子组含有孢粉Cicatricosisporites Luanpingspora Jugella 组合;介形类Yanshanina Cypridea Rhinocypris组合,Cypridea Yanshanina Timiriasevia组合,Cypridea sulcata亚组合和叶肢介Eosestheria Abrestheria组合等各类化石,这些生物组合与国内、外的对比,尤其是孢粉和介形类与英、法、德、俄和加拿大等地相关地层同类化石组合的对比,其时代为早白垩世早期（Berriasian）。辽宁西部义县组下部的孢粉、介形类和叶肢介与国内、外的对比,也得出与大店子组的时代大致相同的结论。大北沟组含孢粉Poceites Podocarpidites Schizaeoisporites组合,介形类Luanpingella Torinina Eoparacypris组合以及叶肢介Nestoria Keratestheria组合等,这些生物组合与国内、外同类生物组合的对比,得出的时代结论是晚侏罗世晚期（Tithonian）。土城子组含有孢粉、介形类及叶肢介等6大门类化石,根据已有的研究成果,得出的时代结论是晚侏罗世。因此,侏罗系\\白垩系的界线划在大北沟组与大店子组之间。生物地层的国际对比表明：此界线与国际侏罗系\\白垩系界线,即Tithonian\\Berriasian界线是一致的。根据冀北—辽西地区一系列同位素测年数据推断,侏罗系\\白垩系界线年龄应接近1307Ma 。     

北京延庆盆地第四纪早期介形类动物群、古生态及对该区古环境的认识

据延庆杨户庄等剖面的介形类化石，结合孢粉、有孔虫及延庆盆地的古地磁资料，确定含化石地层为下更新统。通过剖面下部产出的海相介形类、咸水介形美、有孔虫及剖面上部含的有孔虫、咸水介形类、轮藻等化石古生态的分析，认为延庆盆地在早更新世曾通过河道与海洋相通。推断有２个可能的通道：（１）吉永定河、桑干河、妫水河等河流；（２）经过八达岭、军都山的河流．笔者从地层对比确认新构造运动十分强烈．八达岭、军都山等山峦可能是早更新世以来逐渐升高形成的．     

冀北滦平陆相侏罗—白垩系生物地层界线及候选层型研究进展

滦平盆地张家沟侏罗—白垩系界线上下为连续沉积的滨浅湖—半深湖序列,介形类和叶肢介类化石丰富,是中国陆相J\K界线理想的层型候选剖面。通过晚侏罗世和早白垩世介形类、叶肢介生物组合及沉积学与成因地层学的综合研究,认为陆相侏罗—白垩系生物地层界线以介形类大个体滦平介Luanpingella的消失、女星介Cypridea的出现,叶肢介Nestoria、Pseudograpta及Keratestheria等的消失以及Eosestheria的始现,扇三角洲平原或前缘亚相或等同亚、微相带的结束为标志。陆相界线层型研究和定义异于海相盆地,陆相环境生物化石的自然缺欠可以通过地层格架建立及沉积亚微相序列高精度地划分、对比予以弥补,并应纳入陆相界线层型的定义中。     

湖南衡阳盆地东塘组的时代及白垩系与第三系的界线

湖南衡阳盆地东塘组含有古新世的介形虫、孢粉、轮藻及早第三纪的腹足类口盖化石。介形虫属于早、中古新世组合,位于晚白垩世及晚古新世组合序列之间。近年报道的产于东塘组底部的晚白垩世双壳类、孢粉、恐龙蛋等化石,经观察皆赋存于上白垩统戴家坪组。从而证实,东塘组的地质时代为古新世,白垩系与第三系的界线在戴家坪组与东塘组之间。     

北美西部陆相白垩系-古近系界线孢粉学特征简介——兼评中国东部白垩系-古近系界线研究

已经报道的北美西部陆相白垩系-古近系界线剖面已达近百处,这些剖面分布在阿拉斯加南部向南经加拿大直到美国南部的新墨西哥州北部的广大北美西部内陆地区,其中很多属迄今所知全球很好的陆相白垩系-古近系界线剖面。这些剖面常有标志性的界线黏土,并伴有其他地球化学、生物地层学特征。因为这些剖面所在地当时都在湿润或半干旱地区内,有利于生物化石,特别是孢粉化石的保存,易于开展孢粉学研究。经过近四十年不懈努力,孢粉学已经成为北美精确确定陆相白垩系-古近系界线最重要的、也是迄今为止所知最为有效的古生物学工具。孢粉植物群在界线上下特征差别显著,容易区分。界线之下含有大量主要繁盛于白垩纪的被子植物花粉,而在临近界线时则突然消失或仅零星出现,界线附近则以一层孢子异常丰富层为古近系底部特征。进入古近纪之后,虽然被子植物花粉有所恢复,但是繁盛于白垩纪的成分却很少出现。北美和新西兰、日本白垩系-古近系界线附近在沉积岩和孢粉学方面的相似性表明这一事件可能是全球性事件。简要回顾和讨论了我国与孢粉学相关的几个热点地区陆相白垩系-古近系界线的研究概况,我国东北及江苏北部和北美西部大部分地区白垩系-古近系界线附近的孢粉植物群及其沉积环境比较类似,在苏北到东北地区范围内首次发现陆相白垩系-古近系界线地层的可能性比其他地区大。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)