青藏高原松多中三叠世洋壳的识别及其对松多古特提斯洋演化的制约

松多绿片岩分布于拉萨地块中部的松多地区,因对其时代及构造属性研究程度一直较低,严重制约了对松多古特提斯洋演化的认识.在详细野外地质调查基础上,对松多附近的绿片岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素测试,以及锆石Hf同位素分析,并开展了岩石学和全岩地球化学研究.在松多绿片岩中获得锆石U-Pb年龄约为232 Ma,为中三叠世,代表了绿片岩的原岩成岩时代.其锆石ε_Hf(t)平均为3.6,显示弱亏损地幔的特征.岩石学和地球化学研究揭示,绿片岩原岩具有拉斑质基性岩特征,在球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分曲线和原始地幔标准化多元素蛛网图中均为平坦型,与N-MORB相似.在各类判别图解上,也都落入N-MORB区域,表明松多绿片岩原岩可能为松多古特提斯洋壳残片.松多中三叠世绿片岩的识别,说明松多古特提斯洋可能在中三叠世时还存在洋盆.      

青藏高原纳木错西缘新元古代中期岩浆事件:对北拉萨地块起源的约束

本文报道了青藏高原北拉萨地块纳木错西缘变质辉长岩和花岗片麻岩的锆石U-Pb定年、岩石地球化学和锆石Hf同位素分析结果。锆石LA-ICP-MS定年结果表明,变质辉长岩和花岗片麻岩的原岩形成时代分别为720±6Ma和732±7Ma,相当于新元古代中期。变质辉长岩为钙碱性系列,具有Nb、Ta和Ti负异常,与岛弧玄武岩类似。变质辉长岩中锆石具有较高的εHf(t)值(+5. 2～+9. 7),应当是源自俯冲环境下相对亏损的地幔楔。花岗片麻岩原岩为I型花岗质岩石,并且具有较为均一的锆石εHf(t)值(-3. 3～+0. 3),可能形成于地壳内古元古代变质火成岩的部分熔融作用。结合区域地质资料,变质辉长岩和花岗片麻岩的原岩应当形成于新元古代中期的洋壳俯冲消减过程。北拉萨地块上的前寒武纪岩浆和变质记录与东非造山带的活动时限较为一致,因而北拉萨地块可能与东非造山带具有亲缘性。     

东昆仑希望沟橄榄辉长岩的岩石成因：地球化学、锆石U-Pb年龄与Hf同位素制约

东昆仑古特提斯域镁铁-超镁铁质岩石的研究极为薄弱,文章报道了青海东昆仑东段希望沟橄榄辉长岩的岩相学、锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学及锆石Hf同位素资料,以确定该岩体的形成时代、岩石成因及构造环境,为东昆仑晚古生代—早中生代构造岩浆演化提供新的约束。岩石地球化学研究表明,希望沟橄榄辉长岩具有低SiO2(40.91%~42.14%)、低TiO2(0.29%~0.39%)、高MgO(28.18%~30.66%)、贫碱(K2O+Na2O=1.09%~1.36%)的特征,属亚碱性系列岩石,m/f比值介于5.03~5.39,属于铁质超基性岩类。岩石微量元素总体上富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Th、U、K)和Pb,相对亏损高场强元素(Nb、P、Ti),ΣREE为28.17×10^-6~30.95×10^-6,(La/Yb)N为3.77~4.98,显示轻稀土富集的特征,δEu=0.80~0.95,具有弱的Eu负异常。利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年技术,获得橄榄辉长岩加权平均年龄为(264.9±1.2)Ma(n=26,MSWD=0.71),属中二叠世。锆石176Hf/177Hf比值为0.282709~0.283152,对应的εHf(t)=3.7~19.3,锆石单阶段Hf模式年龄TDM为135~753 Ma,平均为414 Ma,大于锆石U-Pb年龄。研究认为,橄榄辉长岩的岩浆源区主要为亏损地幔,可能有早期流体交代的岩石圈地幔组分的加入,并经历了地壳物质的混染。结合东昆仑区域构造演化,认为希望沟橄榄辉长岩是阿尼玛卿古特提斯洋俯冲阶段的产物,说明古特提斯洋在中二叠世已北向俯冲。     

冈底斯南缘变形花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成：新特提斯洋早侏罗世俯冲作用的证据

本文对产于冈底斯南缘一个变形花岗岩进行了主量元素、微量元素、原位锆石 LA-ICP-MS U-Pb 定年和锆石 Hf 同位素组成研究。结果表明,变形花岗岩为高硅(SiO_2=73.38%～76.06%)钙碱性岩系,K_2O/Na_2O=0.69～1.17,铝指数(A/CNK)=1.03～1.07,为弱过铝质岩石。变形花岗岩微量元素组成显示贫大离子亲石元素(e.g.Rb=47×10~(-6)～71×10~(-6))和高场强元素(e.g.Nb=1.3l×10~(-6)～3.09×10~(-6),Ta=0.23×10~(-6)～0.54×10~(-6)),具有岛弧型花岗岩的地球化学属性。变形花岗岩锆石 U-Pb 年龄为178±1Ma,该年龄代表岩浆结晶年龄。锆石 Hf 同位素组成显示ε_(Hf)(178Ma)值变化于 14.1～ 17.7,表明变形花岗岩岩浆来自初生地壳物质的部分熔融。变形花岗岩的岩石成因与新特提斯洋向欧亚板块南缘的俯冲消减作用存在联系,其岩浆结晶年龄反映了新特提斯洋发生俯冲消减的开始时代不晚于早侏罗纪,说明了新特提斯洋经历了较长时间的演化。     

滇西腾-梁地块印支造山事件——花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年代学和岩石学证据

滇西腾冲-梁和地区分布大量的花岗岩,对其中的二云母花岗岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、锆石Hf同位素组成和地球化学的测定。结果表明,岩石属于强过铝质花岗岩,A/CNK=1.11～1.20,K2O/Na2O为1.87～2.20。岩石富Rb、Th和U等元素,Eu/Eu*=0.25～0.47,(La/Yb)N=6.53～34.06。锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb同位素测年结果表明:二云母花岗岩体存在256.0±5.6Ma(2σ,MSWD=4.1)和234.1±3.1Ma(2σ,MSWD=5.6)两个岩浆作用幕。根据花岗岩的地球化学特征和Hf同位素组成,二云母花岗岩岩浆来源于古老地壳中含粘土质变质硬砂岩的部分熔融。腾-梁地块晚二叠世-中三叠世碰撞型强过铝花岗岩的确定表明,三江古特提斯洋在印支早期曾发生碰撞造山,三江印支早期造山事件与古特提斯洋的闭合与随后的造山作用存在密切联系。     

北苏鲁仰口地区变辉长岩中锆石U-Pb定年、微量元素和Hf同位素特征及其地质意义

北苏鲁仰口地区出露超高压的变辉长岩.锆石阴极发光图像和其内部矿物包体激光拉曼测试的联合研究结果表明,变辉长岩锆石具有弱发光效应的岩浆韵律环带的核和被改造的强发光效应的边.岩浆韵律环带的核部保存大量而复杂的矿物包体,包括普通辉石(Cpx)+斜方辉石(Opx)+斜长石(P1)+石英(Qtz)+黑云母(Bt)+钛铁矿(Ilm)+磷灰石(Ap);边部保存的矿物包体则相对较少,包括普通辉石(Cpx)+斜方辉石(Opx)+斜长石(Pl)+磷灰石(Ap).尽管岩浆韵律环带核部的稀土元素总合量比被改造的锆石边部明显偏高,但二者稀土元素配分模式具有明显的相似性,主要表现为轻稀土相对亏损,而重稀土明显富集,相应的(La/Yb)N=0.00015～0.00039,并具有明显的负Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=0.20～0.26)、相对明显的正Ce异常(Ce/Ce*=71.5～147.4)和较高的Th/U比值(1.97～2.69).上述特征表明,仰口地区变辉长岩中的锆石均为继承性的岩浆锆石,而没有新生的变质锆石.LA-(MC)-ICP-MS锆石原位U-Pb定年和Lu-Hf同位素分析结果表明,两件锆石样品Y1和Y2的年龄数据所构成的不一致线显示了十分接近的上交点和下交点年龄.其上交点年龄分别为785±15Ma(2σ)和784±12Ma(2σ),应代表原岩的形成时代,表明变辉长岩的原岩与Rodinia超大陆裂解的岩浆事件存在密切的成因关系;而下交点年龄分别为226±24Ma(2σ)和228±26Ma(2σ),与苏鲁其它类型超高压岩石中含柯石英锆石微区记录的变质年龄十分吻合,应代表变辉长岩的超高压变质时代.岩浆结晶锆石的核部具有明显偏高的176Lu/177Hf(0.00044～0.00291)和176Yh/177Hf(0.0165～0.1168)比值,而176Hf/177Hf比值变化于0.281956～0.282048之间,相应的εHf(t)=-8.5～-14.0,tDM2=2.03～2.32Ga,表明仰口地区变辉长岩的原岩起源于古元古代时期的富集地幔或发生部分熔融的下地壳残留体.被改造的岩浆结晶锆石的边部则具有明显偏低的176Lu/177Hf(0.00029～0.00060)和176Yh/177Hf(0.0112～0.0200)比值,而176Hf/177Hf(t)比值变化于0.281953～0.282002之间,相应的εHf(t)=-10.2～-11.9,tDM2=2.12～2.21Ga.与岩浆结晶锆石核部相比,被改造的岩浆锆石边部的176Lu/177Hf、176Yb/177Hf、176Hf/177Hf(t)比值和εHf(t)和tDM2值的变化范围更小,表明中-新三叠纪的超高压变质作用使岩浆结晶锆石边部的Lu-Hf同位素体系发生调整,更趋向于均一化.     

西大别西北部浒湾变质带榴辉岩的年龄和性质及其对秦岭-大别-苏鲁造山带多期演化的制约

浒湾高压变质带位于大别造山带的西北部,是研究秦岭-大别-苏鲁造山带演化过程和时间的关键地区。我们对产于该高压变质带的三个榴辉岩样品进行了LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年、微量元素和Hf同位素组成分析,以限定榴辉岩相变质作用及原岩形成的时间和原岩性质。苏家河榴辉岩中的变质锆石颗粒具低Th/U值、弱的Eu负异常、较平坦的重稀土(HREE)配分模式,以及低的176Lu/177Hf值。表明这些锆石形成过程中有石榴子石的存在而缺乏斜长石,因此形成于榴辉岩相变质条件。Ti含量温度计计算表明,这些变质锆石的形成温度约为655°C和638°C,与在榴辉岩相变质作用温度条件下形成一致,206Pb/238U年龄加权平均结果为309±4Ma(2σ),代表了榴辉岩相变质作用时间的最佳估计值。胡家湾变质锆石可能形成于前进变质作用阶段,206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值为312±11Ma(2σ),这一结果在误差范围内与苏家河的年龄结果一致。锆石U-Pb年龄和微量元素分析结果表明,榴辉岩核部的锆石属岩浆型,年龄为406±5～420±7Ma(2σ),表明原岩晚于中古生代华北与秦岭地体的碰撞时间。三个榴辉岩样品的锆石颗粒εHf(t)值的变化范围较大(-4.9～21.3)。变质锆石与岩浆锆石的Hf同位素的变化范围相近,少数变质增生边部锆石与核部残留岩浆锆石给出较一致的Hf同位素组成,表明变质增生锆石可能是原岩岩浆锆石溶解再结晶作用的结果,因此保留了原岩的初始Hf同位素组成。高的εHf(t)值表明它们的原岩来自亏损的地幔源区,可能是古特提斯洋壳;而低εHf(t)值则归因于地壳混染作用。少量继承核锆石的出现表明榴辉岩的原岩形成过程中有古老地壳物质的加入。浒湾地区一些榴辉岩具明显的来自扬子板块大陆地壳的年代学和地球化学特征。该区古生代的洋壳和新元古代的陆壳在石炭纪共同经历了榴辉岩相变质作用,表明古生代古特提斯洋壳形成于扬子板块北缘边缘盆地的环境。高压变质作用的陆壳岩石可能在洋壳岩石的折返和保存过程中起到了浮力牵引的作用。扬子和华北克拉通的聚合可能经历了超过200Ma的多阶段过程。     

华北克拉通古元古代中期伸展体制新证据:鞍山-弓长岭地区变质辉长岩的锆石SHRIM PU-Pb定年和全岩地球化学

本文报道了华北克拉通鞍山-弓长岭地区古元古代中期变质辉长岩的锆石定年结果和地球化学组成。根据地球化学组成特征,可把变质辉长岩划分为两种类型。类型1变质辉长岩低MgO高FeOT,稀土总量高(TREE=107.5×10-6～114.0×10-6),轻重稀土分离不强((La/Yb)N=2.6～2.7),高场强元素Nb、P、Ti无明显亏损,相容元素Cr强烈亏损。类型2变质辉长岩高SiO2低FeOT,轻重稀土分离更强((La/Yb)N=6.8),高场强元素Nb和相容元素Cr存在一定程度的亏损。类型1变质辉长岩的斜锆石和岩浆锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年,年龄为2110±31Ma,捕获锆石年龄为～2.95Ga。研究表明,类型1辉长岩是偏超基性-基性岩浆在深部岩浆房停留较长时间经历强烈结晶分异的产物。支持了华北克拉通在古元古代中期处于伸展体制构造环境的认识。     

南迦巴瓦构造结墨脱地区高Sr/Y花岗岩的成因: 地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及Hf同位素约束

墨脱花岗岩带位于南迦巴瓦构造结东侧,是冈底斯岩浆带的东南延伸部分。本文报道了该地区背崩和达木2个花岗岩体的全岩地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及锆石Hf同位素数据。锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,背崩和达木花岗岩体的年龄分别为62Ma和64.5Ma。岩石地球化学数据显示,两个花岗岩体SiO2含量为71.09%～74.37%,K2O的含量为1.38%～5.93%,A/CNK为1.01～1.02,均属于高钾钙碱性过铝质岩石。所有样品均显示出强烈的轻、重稀土分异((La/Dy)N=13.55～31.3;(La/Yb)N=16.82～50.41),平坦的Ho到Lu稀土元素分布样式((Ho/Yb)N=0.93～1.42),δEu主要介于0.78～1.09,总体上具有正-微弱负异常,具较高Ba、Sr/Y,La/Yb和低Y,Mg#(<45),亏损HFSE元素(Nb、Ti、Zr)。墨脱高Sr/Y花岗岩具有不均一的εHf(t)值(-11.22～4.87)和相对年轻的Hf模式年龄(552～1179Ma)。锆石Hf同位素数据和锆石饱和温度(746～791℃)均显示幔源物质在墨脱花岗岩形成过程中发挥了较为重要的作用。墨脱高Sr/Y花岗岩可能是在印度-亚洲大陆碰撞阶段,由新特提斯洋俯冲过程中产生的基性岩浆底侵作用使陆壳熔融并发生壳幔岩浆混合作用所形成。     

三江南段勐海布朗山地区早古生代变火成岩岩石成因及其大地构造意义

滇西昌宁-孟连蛇绿混杂岩带保存了晚古生代古特提斯洋演化的记录,近年来在该带内还识别了一套早古生代的SSZ型蛇绿岩以及早古生代洋岛型高压变质岩原岩,证实了带内具有与青藏高原内部龙木措-双湖蛇绿混杂岩带相对应的原特提斯演化的记录.通过对昌宁-孟连蛇绿混杂岩带东南部布朗山地区澜沧岩群中变火山岩和变辉长岩岩石学、岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及锆石原位Hf同位素研究,年代学结果显示,变辉长岩年龄为480.2±1.8 Ma,变火山岩年龄分别为465.5±1.2 Ma和472.5±2.9 Ma,代表了变辉长岩和变火山岩原岩形成时代.地球化学特征显示,变辉长岩具有典型的E-MORB微量、稀土元素特征,亏损锆石Hf同位素组成(εHf(t)=12.8～13.6),为洋中脊玄武岩(N-MORB)和洋岛玄武岩(OIB)混合的产物,代表了早古生代原特提斯洋演化的洋壳残片;变火山岩由高镁安山岩和高镁玄武岩组成,具有典型的岛弧岩浆岩亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta和Ti)的特征,指示它们来源于俯冲交代富集的岩石圈地幔部分熔融,代表的是早古代原特提斯洋俯冲消减过程的产物.因此,昌宁-孟连原特提斯洋在早古生代早期就具有现今太平洋多岛洋的格局,这一研究为深入理解昌宁-孟连蛇绿混杂岩带原-古特提斯发展和演化提供了新的、重要的信息.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of