地球近地空间非震电磁扰动

在地球近地空间卫星观测到的来自空间的电磁波动包括:电磁离子回旋波,哨声,嘶声,合声,地磁脉动.其中电磁离子回旋波、等离子体层嘶声和合声都在平静时期可以观测到,但在磁暴、亚暴期间会显著增强.来自地面的电磁扰动有人工产生的,也有自然产生的.人工产生的电磁扰动主要有地面甚低频发射机发射的VLF电磁波和地面电力线路感应的谐频电磁波.自然产生的电磁干扰主要有闪电(雷暴).除了上述自然和人工产生的电磁波动外,卫星本身工作时也可产生频率在0～200 Hz范围内的电磁扰动.     

新疆喀什地区地震前地磁脉动异常分析

1996年11月17日至29日在新疆喀什地区发生8次地震,震前均观测到地磁脉动异常．文中对未发生地震期间地磁脉动观测的背景环境以及喀什台常见的地磁脉动进行分析,然后对地震前地磁脉动异常现象进行研究,并初步探讨这种震前地磁脉动异常的产生机制．这种震前发生的地磁脉动异常在地震的短期预报上可能有广泛的应用前景．     

1997年3月9日漠河日全食期间地磁脉动的主要特征

１９９７年３月９日漠河日全食期间分别在漠河地磁台,北京怀柔地磁脉动站和三亚地磁台开展了地磁脉动的观测。本文重点分析了３月９日０７：００ＬＴ至１１：００ＬＴ日全食前后漠河地区地磁脉动的观测资料,研究了日全食期间地磁脉动的主要特征,并对日全食期间地磁脉动的激发机制做了较深入的人。     

中低纬地区地磁脉动的研究

近年来我们对中低纬地区地磁脉动进行了大量的观测和研究。本文不仅介绍了观测仪器的设计、台网设置及数据处理方法。而且还简要地介绍了一些主要科研成果,如低纬Pc3脉动特点,低纬Pi2脉动偏振特性。南极地区的地磁脉动观测结果,以及在磁暴和太阳耀斑期间在低纬地区观测的地磁脉动。这对于进一步认识中低纬地区地磁脉动是十分有益的。     

地磁脉动测量的选台实验

一、引言地磁短周期变化的转换函数与地震关系的研究是近年来震磁关系研究中开拓的新的研究领域,并已取得了许多重要的成果。地磁脉动的观测资料除了用于更深入地研究地磁场变化的物理特征外,同时可为研究地磁短周期变化提供更短周期的资料。观测地磁脉动资料需要灵敏度较高的地磁测量仪器,从而要求仪器工作在磁噪声较小的环境中。按最近中美协商的合作搞磁脉动观测台址环境的要求,其背景场的干扰噪声要小于     

1991年3月24日磁暴期间南极地区地磁脉动的分析

重点分析了1991年3月24日在南极中山站和长城站观测到的丰富的地磁脉动现象,给出了各种地磁脉动发生的时间和主要特征,并对两站各种地磁脉动做了比较分析．这不仅可以认识磁暴期间南极地区向日面与背日面、高纬与中纬地磁脉动的不同表现,也帮助我们了解南极地区磁暴期间地磁脉动形态和磁暴过程的关系。     

廊坊、富克地磁台观测数据分析

通过将廊坊、富克地磁台站数据与国内地磁台站十三陵、三亚台以及国际标准地磁台站MMB台的观测数据对比分析,发现各地磁台站数据变化幅度相近、相关性高,对地磁暴有明显响应,且磁暴期间各时段扰动幅度相近。同时,以高质量地磁数据为基础,采用快速傅里叶变换,对廊坊与富克地磁台站的地磁观测数据开展地磁脉动提取,研究发现,两个台站在地磁暴期间均能观测到明显的Pi1、Pi2、Pc5地磁脉动,且Pc5的持续时间、平均强度、变化幅度和Pi1的持续时间、变化幅度及Pi2的变化幅度均有明显增加,为今后开展地磁脉动与高能电子增强事件相关性研究奠定了基础。     

急始磁暴期间的地磁脉动

本文重点分析了在1989年3月13日发生的强急始型磁暴期间观测到的丰富的地磁脉动现象.文中列出各种地磁脉动发生的时间和波形曲线范例,并对各种地磁脉动做了傅里叶谱分析.这不仅可以帮助我们了解这些地磁脉动和磁暴的关系,而且能使我们进一步认识磁暴过程的能量传输实质.     

地磁脉动预报地震的研究

阐述了利用数字化地磁脉动观测资料预报地震的研究工作及其结果．根据感应磁效应理论，地磁脉动比起常规的地磁观测方法，更能有效地反映震前地下介质电导率的异常变化，尤其是震前的短临异常变化．我们的研究结果也表明，震前地磁脉动传递函数，有明显的短临异常，且有典型的异常形态，并取得较好的预报震例．地磁脉动预报地震是很有前途的地震预报新方法，它将会使以磁报震的研究工作取得新的进展．      

北京数字化地磁脉动观测台网

叙述了北京数字化地磁脉动观测台网的基本情况、特点以及在地震预报研究和地磁学科研究等方面的重要作用。该台网提供了磁暴、磁扰、地磁日变及地磁脉动等地磁事件的数字化观测资料。这些观测资料由于其精度高和动态范围大, 蕴含有极为丰富的信息, 分析处理更为方便。      

低轨卫星轨道误差对中性层延迟量影响的模拟研究

GPS掩星监测大气方法中需要载有GPS接收机的卫星的精密定轨信息，而该卫星的轨道 精度对GPS掩星监测大气的效果进行分析是十分必要的. 基于地球大气模式CIRA1986，本文采用三维射线跟踪方法模拟了有代表性的5次完整的GPS掩星事件，得到了卫星的轨道精度 对GPS掩星测量中关键参数的影响的初步结果. 结果表明，该卫星的常规轨道误差对掩星测量的影响较小，完全可以采用差分定位方法来获取掩星测量中所需要的卫星定轨信息.     

CHARACTERISTICS OF MULTI-SCALE GRAVITY FIELD VARIATION AND SEISMOGENIC MECHANISM ANALYSIS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN TIBETAN PLATEAU

As the most basic geophysical field, the earth gravity field has achieved wide attention, and its spatial anomaly characteristics and dynamic variation can provide important scientific basis for studying the internal structure and dynamics of the Earth. Based on the mobile gravity observation data of the southeastern Tibetan plateau from 2013 to 2016, the dynamic variation tendency and anomaly characteristics of the regional gravity field in different temporal resolutions are obtained before and after the Ludian and Jinggu earthquakes in the study area respectively. The method of wavelet multi-scale decomposition is used to analyze the relationships of gravity field variation with the earth movement, material density change, and strong earthquake preparation. The deep material variation, dynamic process and the mechanism of earthquake inoculation in the southeastern Tibetan plateau are further discussed. Results indicate that the gravity field variation in the source region before the Ludian and Jinggu earthquake respectively is characterized by obvious positive and negative anomalous transition zone and gradient zone that are consistent with the direction of fault tectonics, suggesting the strong crustal movement and mass migration during the earthquake incubation period. The result of wavelet multi-scale decomposition of the gravity field during the period from September 2013 to April 2014 shows that the gravity field variation at different depth and space scale in the crust and upper mantle of the southeastern Tibetan plateau is significantly correlated with seismic distribution and the location of active fault zone. This indicates that the earthquake inoculation in the study area is closely related to the fault movement and the distribution of material density in the crust and upper mantle, which may be affected by the complex deep dynamic process of the material migration in the crust and mantle. The characteristic that strong earthquakes always occur near positive and negative anomaly transition zones and gradient zones of gravity field change is preliminarily explained, based on the dynamic process of material migration in the crust and upper mantle of the southeastern Tibetan plateau. The research results of this paper have some reference value to the study on the earth movement and seismogenic mechanism.     

崇明与南京台震前地电场变化异常分析

2001年11月3日和12月25日江苏南通地区分别发生了ML3.8和ML4.1的地震群事件. 本文以上海崇明地电场台和南京地电场台ZD9A大地电场仪的观测资料为研究对象，在阐述了多极距地电场观测去噪音原理的基础上, 研究了这两个台站地电场多极距观测系统的资料在震前的异常变化特征. 结果表明: ① 多极距观测去噪音方法是一种很好的识别地电场噪音的方法；② 在震前20天、2天及42天离震中较近的崇明台NS和NE方向上分别接收到了地震电信号, 其持续时间最长的为9天，而较远的南京台出现的异常信号都是噪音信号而非地震电信号；③ 地电场多极距观测系统中公用电极的布极方式是不可取的.      

由一次西周日食记载得到的地球自转变化

本文结合１９９７年３月９日全食的新疆观测及地球自转变化趋势讨论了发生在中国西周时期的一次日食的记载，以及由此得到的地球自转速度变化值。     

地球自转及其和地球物理现象的联系：Ⅰ日长变化

本文回顾了近十年来的研究进展，分各个时间尺度讨论了日长变化及其地球物理激发原因，并评估未来十年内地球自转运动可能的研究方向及课题。     

地球南北半球的非对称性

依据新的计算分析和空间观测数据,进一步论述了地球南北半球的非对称性. 全球热散失量的计算得出,南半球高出北半球33髎;南半球地幔热散失量是北半球的2倍. 比较南北半球S波速度分布,得出南半球的上地幔为低速、高温,北半球的上地幔为高速、低温. 计算地幔各层的质心位置发现,地球的质心偏于北半球. 计算地球经、纬圈长度的年变化率表明,南半球在扩张,北半球在收缩. 用空间大地测量数据的检测结果证实,南半球处于扩张状态,北半球处于压缩状态. 对地球的非对称性作了初步的动力学解释.     

国际地磁台网计划INTERMAGNET

本文介绍了国际地磁台网计划（INTERMAGNET）的目的、意义、提出、发展过程及未来趋势，强调指出它对地磁台站现代化建设，地磁学研究，地球物理学发展以及空间天气预报的影响及作用．地磁场和空间环境的全球性质越来越迫切地要求各国学术团体和组织进行大规模国际合作，而作为地学研究的基础—台站建设与观测，资料收集与交换，资源共享与扩展—更应成为地球科学家关心的重要问题与焦点。     

上行离子密度分布特性的理论研究

采用动力学方程，求解了定态情况下磁层中上行离子沿磁力线的分布函数，针对不同的Ｋ_ｐ指数，分别对北半球极光带区起源的上行离子Ｏ_＋、Ｈ_＋和Ｈｅ_＋在子午面内沿磁力线的密度分布及其特性进行了研究．结果表明：１．沿磁力线向外，上行离子密度在近地空间呈急剧下降趋势，在远地空间呈缓慢下降趋势；２．重离子或初始能量较小的离子，其密度沿磁力线向外下降较快；３．Ｋ_ｐ指数越大，离子进入磁层的空间范围越大；４．离子的投掷角分布对密度分布的影响甚小；５．离子密度沿磁力线的下降程度随到Ｘ轴距离的增大而呈增大趋势；６．在典型参数条件下，求得上行离子Ｏ_＋在等离子体片边界附近的密度为１０^－３－１０^－２个ｃｍ^－３，这与观测结果相一致．     

DIFFERENTIATION DIRECTION OF TELLURIC CURRENTS IN THE SOUTHERN SECTION OF THE TANLU FAULT ZONE

The Tancheng-Lujiang Fault is an important tectonic boundary in eastern China. The southern part of the Tancheng-Lujiang Fault is located south of Baohai Bay, which is an area with a dense population and frequent economic activities. It is worth conducting an in-depth study on the southern section of the fault, especially in the aspect of geophysical exploration and seismicity analysis. Electrical structure detection is an important way to interpret the structural activity of the fault. It can also analyze and explore the influence of the fault on the physical properties of both sides of the fault based on the geoelectrical observation data. In the study area, there are densely distributed stations of geoelectrical observation, including 27 fixed stations distributed along the fault zone from the southern Baohai Bay to Nanjing, Jinagsu Province. The continuous observations and recording of these stations provide a favorable condition for studying the tectonic activity of Tancheng-Lujiang Fault. In the long-term observation of geoelectric observation network, the geoelectric field measurements of long- and short-spacing measuring tracks in the same direction at the same station vary significantly because of the effect of long-term stability of the observation system and the environment near the electrodes. Also, the data curve changes complicatedly and seems to be in a mess. However, there are three basic facts of observation existing in the geoelectric field change: 1)The variation amplitude of the geoelectric field changes observed on the long- and short-spacing measuring tracks in the same direction at the same station(including tidal response changes and the rapid change events such as short periods or pulses)is the same or very close; 2)The E_x and E_y components at the same station always show the same variation in the same time period, or the opposite, which is related to the anisotropy of the medium under the station; 3)The rapid changes of the minute values of the geoelectric field observed at different stations are synchronous in a wide spatial area. In this study, in order to take full advantage of these basic facts, we only use the amplitude variation of geoelectric field with time. Based on the data of 27 geoelectric field observation stations in the study area, we used the current density vector and streamline to characterize telluric current with its divergence and vorticity calculated in the southern Tancheng-Lujiang Fault in this paper. The results show that: 1)the telluric current shows the phenomenon of opposite directional differentiation in the southern part of the fault zone, the direction of the current vector is NE on the east side, while the direction is NW to SW on the west side; (2)The divergence and vorticity of telluric current also show the differentiation phenomenon along the fault, the positive/negative maximum of vorticity and divergence mainly occurs near the fault zone and the direction of alternating positive and negative gradient(or negative gradient)of vorticity or divergence is consistent with the strike of the fault zone. By analyzing the current superposition simulation results and comparing them with previous studies, an interpretation model of the above phenomenon is established in this paper. The results agree with previous studies on the electrical structure of this region. Besides, the results that telluric current differentiates along the fault zone may improve our understanding of the process of deep electrical and material migration.     

地震电磁卫星地面传输系统简介

开展天地一体化地震观测是目前推动地震短临科学研究取得突破的重要途径之一。以卫星观测为主要手段的空间对地观测技术是实现对我国及临区进行地震电磁效应高精度、大范围和大动态连续观测的有效途径,并且为地震短临预报开创空基监测的新思路。地面传输系统是连接地震电磁卫星各应用系统之间的重要桥梁和纽带。它的科学设计是地震电磁卫星项目建设的基础。本文拟从国内外发展现状、系统建设指导思想、系统组成、链路功能描述、系统运行性能指标等方面对我国即将建设的地震电磁卫星地面传输系统进行简要分析介绍,从而为地震电磁卫星地面传输系统初步设计的完成提供一个基本框架。