2016年广西苍梧MS 5.4地震前华南地区连续重力扰动异常分析

收集华南地区8个重力台站gPhone/PET相对重力仪观测原始秒数据,对记录的2016年广西苍梧M_S 5.4地震前4天重力原始秒数据,分别进行原始数据分析、0.01 Hz高通滤波和0.125-0.25 Hz带宽滤波,结果表明,震前4天8个重力台站数据均存在扰动异常,结合地震前后台风活动情况,分析认为,该扰动异常系台风"银河"和"妮妲"活动引起,非地震前兆异常。     

2016年门源6.4级地震前连续重力频率特征分析

利用兰州地震台及高台地震台连续重力资料,分析研究了2016年1月21日门源地震前连续重力变化特征。对震前5 d及震后2 d秒采样数据使用快速傅里叶变换（FFT）变换方法进行功率谱分析,发现其频率幅度持续增大,临震前一天减小到正常值后发生地震,同时对震前6 d秒采样数据进行滤波处理,发现在临震前48 h观测到重力扰动信号,周期为4~8 s。门源地震前观测到的频率特征及重力扰动信号分析,可能反映了门源地震前孕震的一个整体过程,这为揭示门源地震产生机理提供了参考。     

云南测震记录数据对台风登陆过程的响应

针对云南省香格里拉县发生的2次地震的"震前扰动"现象,以及同时期在关岛西南部海面上发生的超强台风Utor活动情况,对云南省部分数字地震台站观测到的异常扰动信号的频谱特征及持续时间进行分析研究,探讨震前低频扰动现象是否与台风引起的巨浪产生的地脉动效应有关。结果显示,"震前扰动"现象确与台风路径以及台风的强度密切相关,异常扰动信号开始时间基本与台风进入大陆架时间一致,台风引起的异常扰动信号的优势频率为0.15~0.3Hz。     

震前重力扰动的频谱特征和远场效应（英文）

探索地震前兆是一件具有挑战性的研究。本文采用高通滤波的方法,处理分析了来自世界不同位置4个超导重力台站5次大地震前的秒级固体潮重力数据,发现在这些地震发生之前数天内,能够接收到稳定的重力高频扰动信号,其中2008年5月12日的汶川地震前出现一个主频为0.1-0.3Hz的重力扰动,而其他4次地震前出现两个主频为0.12-0.17Hz和0.06-0.085Hz的重力扰动。另一个发现是当地震发生在大陆与海洋板块断裂带时这种重力扰动信号具有远场效应,即重力扰动异常出现在距离震中较远的超导重力仪上,而较近的台站异常较小或没有异常。以上研究结果表明,这种重力扰动信号与地震发生具有较密切的相关性,可作为一种有潜力的临震预报信号;重力扰动信号的远场效应也许能够揭示某些地震发生前地球内部板块之间的相互作用机制。但由于地球上重力固体潮台站分布的非常不均匀,上述结果还需要今后研究更多的样本数据加以证实。     

震前重力扰动与台风引起的重力扰动主频率特征分析

基于中国大陆构造环境监测网络的连续重力观测数据, 对于田M_S7.3地震、 鲁甸M_S6.5地震、 景谷M_S6.6地震和皮山M_S6.5地震前几天的重力扰动信号主频率特征及2014年台风“威马逊”、 “麦德姆”和“黄蜂”引起的重力扰动主频率特征进行了研究。 结果表明: 震前重力扰动信号和台风引起的重力扰动信号频率范围很接近, 对应周期为4~7 s, 单从频率大小无法对两者进行区分; 在不受台风影响的情况下, 不同台站震前重力扰动信号主频率极差和标准差均小于0.02 Hz, 而台风引起的不同台站重力扰动信号主频率极差和标准差均大于0.02 Hz; 通过主频率极差和标准差这两个指标可以很好地将震前重力扰动与台风引起的重力扰动进行有效区分, 这将大大推进连续重力观测在强震短临监测中的应用, 为构建地震预报定量指标体系提供相关依据。     

利用奇异谱分析方法研究乌什gPhone重力仪高频特性

<正>国内外科学家已经在利用重力仪高采样率资料发现了地震前的不明原因、台风引起的地脉动信号以及地球自身的地脉动(hum)等信号。其中利用重力仪观测到的地震前的不明原因的高频信号的研究尤其得到关注。由于地震前的高频信号可能受到其他能够引起正常地脉动信号异常。因此,本研究对地处内陆的乌什地震台山洞中进行连续重力观测的gPhone重力仪产出的秒采样数据,采用奇异谱(SSAM方法)分析     

超导重力仪检测2011年日本东北Mw9.0级地震前的重力扰动信号

对大地震前的扰动现象的研究有助于认识地震孕育的动力学过程,震前重力扰动已成为关注的热点之一. 对大地震前的扰动现象的研究有助于认识地震孕育的动力学过程,震前重力扰动已成为关注的热点之一. 为检验日本M_w9.0级地震是否存在震前扰动现象,本研究利用全球超导重力仪记录到的地震前后7天内20组秒采样数据进行分析. 经潮汐、大气改正等处理去除仪器的漂移及残余潮汐效应,得到非潮汐重力变化曲线.结果表明大部分振幅大于30×10^-8 m·s^-2的曲线反映了全球M_w≥6级地震引起的高频波动信号,其中11组数据在3月9日M_w7.3级前震之前出现了扰动现象.震前扰动可分解为三个频段,其中,低于0.1 Hz和高于0.18 Hz的分量分别反映了地震波动信号及非构造信息,中间频段(0.118~0.18 Hz)信号能够较大程度地压制地震波动信号、并同时保留异常扰动信息.它的振幅在3月7日10时之前基本保持约1×10^-8 m·s^-2,之后开始逐渐增大,到3月9日7.3级前震前后达到最大,此后振荡衰减,振幅保持约(5~10)×10^-8 m·s^-2,直至主震发生.中间频段信号的变化特征与主震前的应力迁移过程以及实验记录到的地震成核过程有许多相似之处;不过,震前重力异常是否与主震前的应力加速积累有关,仍待进一步研究.     

琼中地震台连续重力变化特征

收集了2009年以来琼中地震台（以下简称琼中台）连续重力观测数据,经对原始数据进行突跳、台阶和删除错误数据等处理,计算分析了琼中台重力潮汐变化数据特征、M₂波潮汐因子变化特征和典型事件的观测数据频谱特征。结果表明,琼中台连续重力观测数据除包含了固体潮、零漂等长周期信号外,也记录到了地震和台风等高频信号。对于记录到的7.0级以上强震,地震信号的频率主要分布于0.3 Hz以内;台风引起的扰动信号则主要分布于0.1—0.4 Hz频带内。同时,2009年以来,琼中台连续重力原始数据及其M₂波潮汐因子无明显前兆异常。      

震前重力扰动与背景噪声时空变化特征——以玛多MS7.4与漾濞MS6.4地震为例

2021年5月21—22日,云南漾濞、青海玛多先后发生了M_S6.4和M_S7.4地震。为检测震前是否存在重力扰动与重力仪背景噪声异常信号,文中基于中国连续重力台网中15台重力仪的秒采样数据,成功提取了震前重力扰动信号,并计算了排列熵(PE)及重力仪在地震频段(200～600s)的背景噪声等级(SNM)。结果表明：1)大地震发生前多数台站在2021年5月15—18日存在1组重力扰动信号,其中沿海台站同时还存在其他2组扰动信号,扰动幅度为±(10～100)μGal,扰动频率集中在0.15～0.25Hz。沿海台站的扰动幅度普遍大于内陆台站,震中距与扰动幅度无明显相关性,沿海台站扰动幅度较大及产生其他2组扰动的原因可能与海浪脉动或局部降雨有关;2)不需要对原始重力序列作任何预处理,PE能够快速检测到数据中的突变信号,PE时间序列中持续显著下降的信号对应震前扰动信号,PE瞬时向下的脉冲信号对应地震波引起的颤动信号;3)多个台站的SNM时变曲线显示,震前2个月(2021年3月初)直至主震发生时背景噪声水平显著升高,SNM的空间分布表明,震前1～2个月,位于...     

于田M_s7.3地震震前重力扰动信号研究

2008年3月21日和2014年2月12日,新疆和田地区于田县先后发生两次M_s7.3地震.为分析两次地震前是否存在重力短临异常信号,应用Tsoft软件对原始数据进行理论固体潮改正和气压改正,并基于小波分解去除其低频趋势,有效提取了两次地震前国家连续重力观测网多台g-Phone重力仪的高频扰动信息.结果表明两次地震前都记录到高频扰动信号.2008年地震前牡丹江、沈阳台和漳州台三个台站记录到的高频扰动信号,主频分布在0.2~0.4 Hz.2014年地震前8个台站记录到两组不同频段的扰动信号.第一组信号集中在震前6天的东北台站,第二组扰动信号出现在震前3天的东南台站.两组扰动信号振幅呈现从北到南、从东到西逐步衰减的时空分布规律·同时期的气象资料显示局部强降雨与第二组扰动异常存在良好的相关性.对高频重力信号的时频分析结果表明震前第一组扰动信号存在异常频段0·13~0.18 Hz.应用扰动源扫描算法对2014年两组扰动信号进行空间定.位,结果显示第一组信号扰动源位置与于田震中相距约1935 km,不在于田地震的孕震区内;第二组信号扰动源来自海上.2008年和2014年于田地震第二组震前扰动信号与强降雨以及海浪影响相关.2014年第一组信号与于田地震的关系仍待进一步研究.     

Evolutionary Changes in the Configuration of the Magnetic Field of the Solar Corona in the Epoch of the Minimum

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The evolution of the magnetic configuration in the solar corona is studied. The curvature of the K-corona helmets obtained from an analytical approximation of the...     

On the synchronism in the events within the core and on the surface of the earth: the changes in the organic world and in the polarity of the geomagnetic field in the phanerozoic

The data on geomagnetic reversals are compared with the changes in the organic world and with the lower-mantle plumes. The times of the formation of plumes and the times of their appearance on the Earth’s surface relate to the intervals characterized by the different frequencies of geomagnetic reversals, i.e., there is no interrelation between the formation of plumes and the frequency of the changes in the geomagnetic field polarity. At the same time, a certain synchronism is observed between the frequency of the geomagnetic reversals and the boundaries of the biostratigraphic ages, i.e., the changes in the organic world in the long-period range. A hypothesis is proposed, which explains the change in the sign of the geomagnetic field by the combined effect of the irregular rotation of the internal core relative to the mantle and the changes in the slope angle of the axis of the Earth’s rotation, which, in turn, results in synchronous events on the Earth’s surface: the rates of changes in the organic world.     

The changes in the electric conductivity of the lithosphere in the source region of the strongest Olyutora earthquake in the Koryak highlands

The results of the magnetotelluric (MT) soundings before and after an earthquake are analyzed. The interpretation is based on the longitudinal and transverse MT curves (along and across the strike of the main tectonic elements, respectively). The MT curves are distorted by the ρ- and coast effect. The distortions due to the coast effect are estimated by the testing three-dimensional (3D) model. It is established that the coast effect distortion at the periods up to 1000 s is small and can be disregarded. The divergence of the longitudinal and transverse MT curves, which points to the presence of the deep faults, is thoroughly studied. The inversion of the MTsounding curves is carried out by the REBOCC program of the numerical two-dimensional modeling. This program implements the procedures of elimination of the ρ-effect and the joint inversion of the longitudinal and transverse MT sounding curves. The obtained geoelectrical cross sections provide an insight into the structure of electrical conductivity of the lithosphere before and after the earthquake. The more intense variations in the electric conductivity are observed in the zone of the deep faults. These variations are related to the changes in the porosity and saturation of the rocks by the highly mineralized fluids.     

Temporal variations in the tidal response of the medium in the vicinities of the sources of catastrophic earthquakes

The idea of predicting earthquakes by continuously monitoring temporal variations in the tidal response of the medium was suggested by Beaumont and Berger in 1974. However, it became possible to implement the idea only recently. This possibility has arisen due to the deployment of Global Seismic Network (GSN), which collects the data on tidal tilts and gravity in the epicenters of strong earthquakes before and after the strongest events. In this paper, we present the results of model analytical and numerical calculations of the elastic displacements of the Earth’s surface caused by the earthquakes and their preparatory processes. The analytical calculations are limited to the model of a uniform elastic halfspace; the numerical calculations, in addition to this model, also cover the models with radially heterogeneous distributions of elastic moduli in the crust and in the upper mantle, which are determined by the PREM model. We describe the results of modeling temporal variations in the tidal response of the medium in the vicinity of the source of a catastrophic earthquake. The model of seismic source is specified by the length and the orientations of the fault plane and by the value of the discontinuity in the tangential component of the displacement vector on the opposite sides of the fault. The model is based on the GPS data on the horizontal and vertical displacements of the Earth’s surface. We suggest the method for determining temporal changes in the tidal response of the medium in the seismically active regions. This method improves the sensitivity and time resolution of the standard techniques of sliding-window analysis by more than an order of magnitude. The comparative analysis of temporal variations in the tidal response of the medium in the zones of the magnitude 9 earthquake in Japan (March 9, 2011) illustrates the described approach.

     

Temporal variations in the tidal response of the medium in the vicinities of the sources of catastrophic earthquakes

The idea of predicting earthquakes by continuously monitoring temporal variations in the tidal response of the medium was suggested by Beaumont and Berger in 1974. However, it became possible to implement the idea only recently. This possibility has arisen due to the deployment of Global Seismic Network (GSN), which collects the data on tidal tilts and gravity in the epicenters of strong earthquakes before and after the strongest events. In this paper, we present the results of model analytical and numerical calculations of the elastic displacements of the Earth??s surface caused by the earthquakes and their preparatory processes. The analytical calculations are limited to the model of a uniform elastic halfspace; the numerical calculations, in addition to this model, also cover the models with radially heterogeneous distributions of elastic moduli in the crust and in the upper mantle, which are determined by the PREM model. We describe the results of modeling temporal variations in the tidal response of the medium in the vicinity of the source of a catastrophic earthquake. The model of seismic source is specified by the length and the orientations of the fault plane and by the value of the discontinuity in the tangential component of the displacement vector on the opposite sides of the fault. The model is based on the GPS data on the horizontal and vertical displacements of the Earth??s surface. We suggest the method for determining temporal changes in the tidal response of the medium in the seismically active regions. This method improves the sensitivity and time resolution of the standard techniques of sliding-window analysis by more than an order of magnitude. The comparative analysis of temporal variations in the tidal response of the medium in the zones of the magnitude 9 earthquake in Japan (March 9, 2011) illustrates the described approach.     

Importance of the Variability of Geocryological Conditions in the Determination of the Significance of the Lakes in the Structure of Regional Water Discharge

Water Resources - The dynamics of the talik zones, associated both with the internal cyclical nature of their development and with climate changes, leads to temporary differences in the volume of...     

Anomalies in the secular variations in the main geomagnetic field in the context of the hierarchic dipole model

The developed dynamic model of the main geomagnetic field (MGF) includes the sources of three levels, which have existed and continuously changed during the 100-year period. The spatial-temporal dynamics of the secular variations in MGF has been considered based on this model. It has been indicated that, at different times, the formation of anomalies (located in similar regions) depended on the total dynamics of different combinations of sources, including a change in the parameters of the dipoles of the secondorder smallness. Anomalies generated by the dynamics of the dipoles of the third-order smallness do not evidently manifest themselves in the total secular variations but are responsible for the specific shapes of isodynamic lines. Based on the stability and continuity of the constructed model, the conclusion is made that long-living turbulent flows of different scales can exist in the liquid core.     

Application of the Mussel Watch concept in studies of the distribution of hydrocarbons in the coastal zone of the Ebro Delta

The Mussel Watch concept was applied in a study of man-induced chemical changes in the Ebro Delta on the Catalonian coast to obtain a preliminary assessment of the distribution of synthetic organic compounds, petroleum and biogenic hydrocarbons in the local coastal zone. Mussels, oysters and clams were selected as the indicator organisms. Levels of petroleum accumulated by mussels were generally high, in the order of 100–800 μg^?1 dry weight, equivalent to those in mussels in the most polluted harbours and bays of California. The relative distributions of the steranes and pentacyclic triterpanes in the mussels were significantly different from those found in petroleum from a local field, indicating that local petroleum was not contributing to the present contamination. The composition of biogenic compounds was variable, probably reflecting differences in the composition of local plankton communities, PCB levels were high in relation to current levels in mussels from US sites, reflecting continuing PCB use in Spain. The Delta appears to be a point source of a number of organochlorine compounds, including HCB, the DDT compounds, endrin and γ-chlordane. Levels of the DDT compound o,p′-DDD, a pharmacologically active substance, were unexpectedly high; identification was confirmed by GS/MS. Many unidentified peaks were present on EC chromatograms, indicating a more complex pattern of contamination than might be suggested by printed summaries of data.     

Spatio-temporal variations in the structure of the attenuation field of the S-wave in the region of Nevada nuclear test site

The characteristics of the attenuation field of short-period shear waves in the region of Nevada nuclear test site (NNTS) are studied. The seismograms of underground nuclear explosions (UNEs) and earthquakes recorded by three seismic stations in 1975–2012 at the epicentral distances of up to 1000 km are processed by the methods based on the analysis of the amplitude ratios of Sn to Pn and Lg to Pg waves, as well as the S-coda envelopes for close events. It is shown that the structure of the attenuation field in the Earth’s crust and upper mantle in the NNTS region experienced significant temporal variations during the interval of nuclear operations. The strongest variations were associated with UNEs conducted in the Pahute Mesa area, which held about two-thirds of the most intense explosions. Our data indicate that temporal variations in the structure of the attenuation field are related to the migration of deep fluids. A comparison of the general characteristics of the attenuation field in the regions of the three large nuclear test sites is presented.