广西合浦县高岭土原矿性质及开发利用研究

广西合浦县高岭土原矿性质及开发利用研究王扬传钟德义（中国科学院广州地球化学研究所，广州５１０６４０）关键词高岭土开发利用广西合浦合浦县高岭土矿资源十分丰富，地质储量约８亿ｔ，其中白泥坑矿区矿石储量为１５５２万ｔ，达大型规模，十字路矿区和清水江矿区矿石...     

高岭土热分析中相变的影响因素:以广西合浦高岭土为例

以广西合浦新屋面高岭土矿床不同特征高岭土样品为实验初始物质,研究了其粒度与白度特征、化学成分、物相及其组合、晶体形貌和结构特征,并在此基础上进行了热分析。结果表明:合浦地区高岭土的粒度分布、杂质元素、矿物相组成和高岭石结晶度均对高岭土的热分析相变产生显著影响,这些影响包括热分析的热失重曲线(TG)质量损失量、微商热重曲线(DTG)谷温与面积、差示扫描量热曲线(DSC)峰谷温度、面积和形态指数等。     

广西合浦新屋面高岭石矿物学特征及其形成途径

在野外实地考察的基础上,结合X射线衍射、扫描电镜(SEM)、化学成分分析等测试技术,对广西合浦新屋面高岭土矿床的风化物进行了研究。X射线衍射分析表明,黏土矿物主要为高岭石、伊利石、石英、正长石及斜长石。高岭石结晶度在0.489～1.210之间,随着深度的逐渐减小,高岭石逐渐增多,长石逐渐减少,高岭石的结晶程度则呈现变好的趋势,反映出花岗岩中原生矿物高岭土化程度逐渐加强。SEM结果表明,随着风化程度的加强,高岭石发育越来越好,晶形越来越完整。化学成分分析显示w(Al2O3)和w(K2O)互为消长关系,且随着深度的增大,Al2O3逐渐减少,K2O逐渐增多。该区长石蚀变为高岭土,可以经由绢云母中间阶段再转变形成高岭石和直接转变形成高岭石这两个途径。     

东海东北部海域表层沉积物黏土矿物来源及输运

利用X射线衍射,对东海东北部海域80个表层沉积物样品进行黏土矿物的相对含量分析.结果表明:东海东北部海域表层沉积物黏土矿物中伊利石（65.1%）含量最高,其次为绿泥石（26.6%）、高岭石（8.9%）和蒙皂石（4.3%）;矿物组合中伊利石-绿泥石-高岭石-蒙皂石型占绝对优势,伊利石-绿泥石-高岭石型较少.由外陆架至冲绳海槽,伊利石含量分布呈低-高-低-高;绿泥石呈低-高-低;高岭石分布趋势明显异于伊利石和绿泥石,含量值分布出现由高到低的趋势;蒙皂石在个别区域缺失,高值区呈斑块状分布在水深小于100 m的外陆架.快速聚类分析显示,黏土矿物可分为“类长江”、“类黄河”和“类台湾”3种类型,呈4个区域相间展布.“类黄河”型黏土矿物主要由黄海沿岸流将黄河、废黄河等物质再悬浮搬运而来,分布于29.5°N以北、127°E以西的外陆架区,并未越过东海外陆架进入冲绳海槽.外陆架区“类长江”型黏土矿物主要为低海平面时期古长江物质,并混有少量现代长江源悬浮物质;冲绳海槽区“类长江”型黏土矿物主要来自低海平面时期古长江物质.“类台湾”型黏土矿物主要由黑潮控制,由台湾经冲绳海槽南部搬运而来,沿陆坡附近沉积.      

东海西南部表层沉积物黏土矿物分布特征

利用X射线衍射仪,对东海西南部表层沉积物样品进行黏土矿物体积分数分析,研究了东海西南部表层沉积物黏土矿物的组合特征和分布规律。结果表明,东海西南部表层沉积物伊利石为优势矿物,平均体积分数为61.8%;次之为绿泥石,平均体积分数为22.9%;高岭石平均体积分数11.1%,蒙脱石平均体积分数为1.01%。黏土矿物的组合类型以伊利石-绿泥石-高岭石-蒙脱石型为主,伊利石-高岭石-绿泥石-蒙脱石型次之。东海西南部表层沉积物黏土矿物主要为陆源成因,黏土矿物主要组合类型与长江源类型相似,说明黏土矿物主要来源于长江;高岭石体积分数由西向东明显减少,反映了高岭石受闽浙沿岸河流的影响较大;伊利石体积分数和绿泥石体积分数呈现由北西向南东增加的趋势,说明在台湾暖流的作用下,台湾河流为东南部海域提供了伊利石和绿泥石矿物。     

泌阳凹陷地质流体对砂岩储集层中黏土矿物形成和分布的控制作用

运用扫描电镜观察和X射线衍射分析等技术,在对泌阳凹陷核桃园组砂岩储集层中黏土矿物分布特征研究的基础上,从黏土矿物的形成条件和形成过程入手,详细分析了地质流体的性质、组成、流动方式、迁移速度等对砂岩储集层中黏土矿物形成和分布的影响,指出砂岩储集层中参与成岩反应的碎屑活性组分和地质流体对砂岩储集层中黏土矿物的形成和分布具有控制作用,并讨论了它们的形成机理.研究表明,黏土矿物的形成和分布能够不同程度地影响砂岩储集层的孔渗性和含油气性;高岭石发育层段与次生孔隙的发育和渗透率的增加以及油气的富集层段具有良好的对应关系.     

杭州湾潮滩沉积物黏土矿物空间差异与物源指示

通过对杭州湾潮滩沉积物中主要黏土矿物成分及组合类型的研究,分析了杭州湾潮滩沉积物黏土矿物的空间分布特征。借助聚类分析等手段,同时结合杭州湾水动力特征,探讨了研究区黏土矿物的来源和成因。研究结果表明,杭州湾潮滩表层沉积物主要为黏土质粉砂,其余为砂质粉砂。本区沉积物黏土矿物成分复杂,主要为伊利石,其次是高岭石和绿泥石;还有少量蒙皂石和蛭石及1.4 nm过渡矿物。根据其相对含量可分为3种组合类型:Ⅰ型为伊利石-高岭石-绿泥石-蛭石类-蒙皂石型,Ⅱ型为伊利石-绿泥石-高岭石-蒙皂石-蛭石类型,Ⅲ型为伊利石-高岭石-绿泥石-蒙皂石-蛭石类型。在空间上,北岸的蒙皂石和绿泥石平均含量高于南岸,而伊利石、高岭石和蛭石(含1.4 nm过渡矿物)平均含量则低于南岸。高潮滩和中潮滩黏土矿物对比,除了蒙皂石含量高潮滩大于中潮滩外,其他矿物含量均无明显规律。表层沉积物黏土矿物的分布特征与水动力条件和物质来源密切相关,杭州湾北岸乍浦以东潮滩受潮流和长江沿岸流影响明显,沉积物主要为长江和东海源的;南岸由于曹娥江和甬江两条河流的注入,流域物质所占比例明显比北岸高。柱状岩芯样品中各黏土矿物含量自下而上的变化则反映了物源区风化强度的波动特征。     

基于神经网络的河北平原区黏土矿物空间分布定量研究

黏土矿物不仅对寻找黏土类矿物资源具有指示意义,而且对于区域古气候、环境污染、石油勘探等研究都具有重要意义。但黏土矿物空间分布获取较为困难,目前国内积累了覆盖大部分面积的中大比例尺地球化学数据,具有分析元素多、精度高的特征,基于地球化学元素含量开展黏土矿物预测,可以为黏土矿物的空间分布研究提供新思路。如何建立地球化学元素含量和黏土矿物之间的复杂关系,是基于地球化学元素含量开展黏土矿物空间分布预测的关键之一。机器学习和人工智能算法的发展为建立地球化学元素与黏土矿物之间的非线性关系提供了可能,本研究基于河北平原多目标1∶20万地球化学数据和111个表层土壤黏土矿物分析数据,利用BP神经网络建立河北平原区地球化学元素含量与黏土矿物之间的预测模型,对河北平原区高岭石、绿泥石、伊利石的空间分布进行预测。研究发现河北平原区高岭石、绿泥石、伊利石等的黏土矿物分布与研究区地貌特征、土壤类型以及人为因素等都有联系,高岭石、绿泥石、伊利石在整个冀东平原区以及北三县平原区含量普遍偏低,在太行山山前平原区含量普遍偏高;黏土矿物在冲积扇平原、冲积平原含量偏高,在洪积平原含量较低;河北平原区的黏土矿物在保定和唐山等地区富集。     

南海北部陆架海域表层沉积物黏土矿物分布特征及物源分析

应用X射线衍射(XRD)对南海北部陆架海域225个站位表层沉积物黏土组分进行分析,结果表明,研究区黏土矿物总体以伊利石和绿泥石为主,高岭石和蒙脱石质量分数少,绿泥石、高岭石与蒙脱石质量分数呈明显的负相关关系。根据南海北部陆架海域表层沉积物中黏土矿物空间分布特征,结合邻近河流的黏土矿物组分以及洋流搬运作用,雷州半岛东部海域伊利石主要来源于广东沿海河流和珠江,绿泥石来自台湾岛,蒙脱石主要由吕宋河流提供,高岭石则由广东沿海河流和海南岛入海河流提供;雷州半岛西部海域伊利石来源于珠江,绿泥石和高岭石由红河提供,蒙脱石可能受广西入海河流携带的沉积物影响。     

石嘴山双纪煤田煤中矿物特征对比研究

以石嘴山煤田汝箕沟矿区侏罗纪的二煤、三煤和石炭井矿区二叠纪的四煤、五煤为研究对象,采用低温灰的化学组成分析和X射线衍射分析,对煤中矿物特征做对比研究。结果表明:汝箕沟矿区样品与石炭井矿区样品在化学成分、灰成分指数、Si和Al比值上,都具有明显差异;汝箕沟矿区样品X衍射图谱的波峰最大值远远小于石炭井矿区的样品值,两者的图谱形态也存在很大差异;汝箕沟矿区样品中以高岭石、伊利石、石英为主,其它很少,高岭石约占65%;石炭井矿区样品中以高岭石占绝对优势,约占85%,其他矿物含量较少。化学组成分析的结果和X射线衍射分析的结果具有较好的对应性。     

安徽庐枞地区高岭土资源及其开发利用

分析了区内高岭土矿形成机理及蚀变矿化组分特点,总结了有效的找矿标志。将区内高岭土分为硬质地开石、蚀变高岭土和沙质高岭土。通过可选性试验,软质高岭土可获得质量较好的精矿,质量符合造纸工业要求。     

湖南仙人岩高岭土矿床开发利用前景评价

通过仙人岩高岭土矿床的化学成分、矿物组成及部分工艺矿物学特征的详细研究，表明仙人岩高岭土矿石铁、钛含量高，高岭石结晶较差，矿石难以分选；因此，在目前的经济技术条件下不宜开发利用     

The Zhuravlinyi Log eluvial kaolin deposit,Chelyabinsk District,Russia

The Zhuravlinyi Log deposit is located 12 km southeast of Plast City. The deposit was initially prospected in 1951 and 1952 under the supervision of V.G. Lyulicheva. The prospecting revealed the presence of kaolin of quality surpassing the raw material in the Eleninsk and Kyshtym deposits. Although a positive assessment was given, new prospecting and appraisal works were carried out under the supervision of V.I. Kakorin in the vicinity of the previously discovered deposit in 1985 taking into consideration recommendations given by the VNIIgeolnerud (renamed TsNIIgeolnerud) Federal State Unitary Enterprise. The results revealed several separate white and pale kaolin deposits. Exploitation of the deposit was started even before its exploration. Construction of the Plast-Rifey dressing plant was completed during the exploitation of the central ore body. Follow-up exploration of the deposit completed in 2006 confirmed that the dry kaolin equivalent reserves of categories B + C₁ according to the Russian classification (approximately corresponding to the measured + indicated reserve in the western classification) and category C₂ (approximately corresponding to the inferred reserve) are estimated at 11.05 and 5.55 Mt, respectively. The Zhuravlinyi Log deposit is a major supplier of kaolin products fitting the standards of paper, fine ceramics, fiberglass, chemical reagents, and others. The present paper based on the exploration data attempts to show specific features of the geological setting of this deposit, as well as the mineral composition and properties of kaolin therein.     

安徽马钢凹山铁矿断层带中粘土矿物质组分的研究

对马钢凹山铁矿区断层带中规模较大的粘土矿,采用化学分析、岩矿鉴定、Ｘ衍射分析、红外吸收光谱分析、差热分析、透射电镜及物理工艺性能等综合分析测试方法进行了研究,查明其岩石、矿石类型及６种类型矿石的物质组分和矿物特征、２组矿石样品的物理工艺性能,在此基础上,从选矿和提高矿石质量等方面提出了意见     

福建郭山高岭土矿床中高岭矿物的研究

本文运用X射线衍射、红外吸收光谱、分析电子显微术和化学分析等多种方法对福建郭山高岭土矿床中的高岭矿物(高岭石和埃洛石)的矿物学性质、分布及矿物形成的阶段性变化进行了系统研究。结果表明,根据高岭石和埃洛石相对含量的多少,花岗岩风化剖面全风化带划分的4个矿物段可以反映这两种矿物的分布特点。埃洛石为具有管状和多面体球状的7?型以及10?—7?、7?-高岭石过渡型。高岭石晶体形态和结晶有序度在风化剖面垂直方向上的规律性变化与高岭石的形成经历了初始结晶——强烈高岭土化——风化作用后期的阶段性变化有关。     

The Latnenskoe refractory clay deposit (Central Russia)

This paper reports the results of our recent studies and generalizes previously known data on the geology, mineralogy, geochemistry, and genesis of the Russia’s largest Latnenskoe refractory clay deposit. It is shown that conditions of its localization were defined by regional and local factors. The regional factors controlled the distribution of the clay raw material in the region, while the local factors were responsible for the genesis and composition of refractory clays of the Latnenskoe deposit. Our studies showed that the formation of refractory clays is not only related to terrigenous but also to authigenic processes of sedimentation. The terrigenous component of clays was formed by the erosion of kaolin weathering crusts of the Voronezh anteclise crystalline basement and Paleozoic sedimentary hydromica–kaolinite rocks. Authigenic processes were significantly contributed by organic matter, which determined the environmental pH and Eh parameters. It is established that the mineral matter of clays of the deposit is represented by three morphological modifications (crystalline, amorphous, and biomorphic), which were formed subsequently and (or) simultaneously and could be transformed into each other. Application of a complex of modern precision methods allowed us to reveal a previously unknown biomorphic modification of kaolinite, the major rock-forming mineral, as well as mixed-layer kaolinite-smectite in the clays. It is shown that the distribution of major and trace elements and the sulfur isotope composition in different technological types of clay depend mainly on the facies conditions of their formation. Technological properties of clay raw material are considered.     

Kaolin-Kohlentonsteine im flözführenden Oberkarbon des Niederrheinisch-Westfälischen Steinkohlenreviers

Starting from general considerations of the rocks existing in the Ruhr Carboniferous and the mineral layers in coal seams, an informative review is given about the definition of clay stones and kaolin coal tonsteins as well as about the stratigraphic distribution of key horizons with special regard to the kaolin coal tonsteins. Information follows about the first evidence of individual kaolin coal tonsteins, their existence in the normal geologic columns and more recent stratigraphic sections as well as about the concentration of repositories. Besides, the kaolin coal tonsteins are characterized according to their macroscopic and microscopic external form. The paper reports about their material constituents (mineral components, trace elements, anorganic chemical constituents and organic substances in form of coal hydrates and amino acids). The paper closes with some statements about the importance and utilization of kaolin coal tonsteins to solve local and regional duties in mining geology.     

安徽省含山县柱山-项家山水泥石灰岩矿床成因及开采技术条件

安徽省含山县柱山—项家山水泥石灰岩矿床矿位扬子准地台与华北地台、大别山造山带的结合部位,属扬子板块西北缘,大别造山带的前陆带,郯庐断裂带的东侧,属丘陵地貌,山体走向为北东向,地形起伏变化较大,区域内矿产主要为沉积矿产,有石膏、水泥用石灰岩、石英砂岩、耐火粘土及陶瓷粘土、砖瓦用粘土等。另外有铜、铅、锌、铁、铀、高岭土、煤等矿(化)点。本文对含山县柱山—项家山水泥石灰岩矿床特征、成因以及开采技术条件进行探讨。     

Further Information of the Associated Li Deposits in the No.6 Coal Seam at Jungar Coalfield,Inner Mongolia,Northern China

Total 138 coal samples and 14 parting samples were taken from the No. 6 Seam of the Jungar Coalfield, Inner Mongolia. These samples were analysed by optical microscopy, sequential chemical extraction procedure (SCEP), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope in conjunction with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDX) analysis. The results indicate that the Li contents have reached the industrial grade of the coal associated Li deposit, and the total Li reserves have reached 2406600 tons, that is, 5157000 tons Li2O in the No. 6 seam in the Jungar Coalfield. The sequential chemical extraction procedure results suggest that the Li concentration is mainly related to inorganic matter. The minerals in the coals consist of kaolinite, boehmite, chlorite-group mineral, quartz, calcite, pyrite, siderite and amorphous clay material. Some Li could be absorbed by clay minerals in the Li-bearing coal seam. The chlorite phase?could be?most likely the host for a part of Li. The Yinshan Oldland should be the most possible source of Li of the coal.     

广东茂名高岭土的特性与应用研究

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