Aquila Rift区域年轻星候选体的搜寻

使用德国Th(u|¨)ringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg(TLS)的2 m望远镜对Aquila Rift的16个区域进行了Hα、R和I共3个波段的成像观测.这些观测区域大约覆盖了Aquila Rift 7平方度的天区.除去3个数据质量不高的天区,对其余的13个区域进行了测光分析,从中证认出点源,并利用双色图的方法最终证认出7颗Hα发射线星候选体.这7个候选体是从5个观测区域中选出的,其中3颗位于银道面区域,4颗位于银纬高于4°的区域.对于这5个天区,证认了其中点源的2MASS对应体,并利用双色图的方法进一步分析了7个Hα发射线星候选体的性质.这些Hα发射线星候选体的近红外辐射并没有明显的红外超现象,有一颗还落在了主序分支上.这也说明有Hα发射的年轻星并不都伴随有红外超现象.Hα发射线观测和红外超观测的结果是相互补充的.如果将这7颗Hα发射线星候选体作为年轻星候选体,则Aquila Rift区域的年轻星数目是较少的.对于这些候选体的进一步证认还需要后续的光谱观测.     

对Archer发现的17颗变星的光电观测

在1984年2—3月,用美国McDonald天文台91cm反射镜的UBV测光系统和云南天文台35厘米反射镜V色测光系统,对Archer 1959年在后发座用照相方法发现的24颗变(双)星中的17颗进行了观测研究,全部没有大于0~m.07的光变,其中12颗的连续观测时间长于半个周期以上,因而至少它们不是原定周期和变幅的那种变星。其他5颗或Archer未给周期,或观测复盖不够半个周期,未能肯定。最后给出这些星和比较星的星等和色指数。     

英仙座OB2暗星云区的发射线星

对恒星形成活跃区NGC1333周围5°×5°区域进行了物端稜镜发射线星巡天观测,此次观测到的H_a发射线星的极限星等约为16.7星等。在此范围內观测到了25颗H_a发射线星(包括11颗已被发现过的L_kH_a星)。这些星在[(G-U),(R-G)]图上的分布与主星序星完全不同。从两色图和暗星云中的空间分布推测,这些发射线星可能大部是金牛座T Tau型星。最后简单讨论了恒星形成区的环境条件。     

四颗射电源在依巴谷和PPM星表中的光学定位

利用北京天文台施密特望远镜的CCD巡天资料（BATC）中的20次观测,用IRAF软件处理得到星象中心位置,以依巴谷星表和PPM星表作为参考星表,用底片常数法进行处理,得到4颗河外射电源0851 202,1228 126,1442 101,1749 701的光学位置。文中还对所得到的位置与射电位置作了比较。     

UBV光电测光系统的转换方程和精度比较

根据对鬼星团中Ｊｏｈｎｓｏｎ测光标准星的观测，我们研究了北京天文台６０ｃｍ望远镜直流光电光度计ＵＢＶ测光系统的转换方程．应用该方程推算了对三颗变星观测得到的ＵＢＶ星等，讨论了所得光变曲线的精度，并与较差方法所得结果进行了比较     

光电测光系统的转换方程和精度比较

根据对鬼星团中Ｊｏｈｎｓｏｎ测光标准星的观测，我们研究了北京天文台６０ｃｍ望远镜直流光电光度法ＵＢＶ测光系统的转换方程，应用该方程推算了对三颗变星观测得到的ＵＢＶ星等，讨论了所得光变曲线的精度，并与较差方法所得结果进行了比较。     

狐狸座PU(PU Vul)的一次小爆发

狐狸座PU是1979年4月8日由日本东京天文台Y.Kuwano等人首先发现的一颗光度变化特殊的类新星天体.1978—79年间,梅苞在用北京天文台40/200双筒天体照相仪对这一天区的其他天体作系统观测时,同时取得了这颗星的一批照相观测资料,在获悉有关这颗星的发现报道之前,他也曾独立地发现了这颗星的光度变化(图版Ⅰ,图2),并随即用北京天文台的60/90/1800施密特望远镜有缝摄谱仪取得了该星的部分光谱资料.此外,还用北京天文台60厘米反射望远镜进行了高速光电观测.从1978年12月到1983年3月,共取得照相观测底片和光谱片200余张以及一些光电测光资料.     

吉林280mm全天区可转动光电阵测光精度评估研究

位于吉林天文观测基地的280 mm全天区可转动光电阵是一台用于空间碎片巡天观测的设备。为了研究该设备的光度测量性能,评估其测光精度,选择M67疏散星团中的测光标准星进行观测。首先,在IRAF(Image Reduction and Analysis Facility)中对观测图像进行预处理,之后进行较差测光;接着,提取测光数据并将整晚观测数据进行最小二乘直线拟合,拟合结果给出了主消光系数及相应的系统转换系数,并得到仪器星等至标准星等的转换公式;最后,利用计算得到的均方根误差对设备的测光精度进行大致评估。计算结果表明,在标准测光夜测量亮于13.8 mag时,280 mm全天区可转动光电阵的测光精度可达0.13 mag。同时将观测图像与UCAC2星表匹配识别,利用背景恒星中的UCAC2标准星做外符合精度的校验,结果与前者基本相同。本设备的测光精度基本满足空间碎片巡天观测的要求。     

两颗IIn型超新星的观测研究(英文)

介绍了PTF10gvf和PTF10gvd两颗IIn型超新星的测光和光谱的观测情况,并对这两颗超新星做了精确测光和光谱拟合。通过对光谱的分析,得到这两颗超新星的抛射物的外层激波速度为~103km/s,其前身星的星风速度为~102km/s,并根据ChugaiDanziger(1994)提出的方法计算了它们的前身星质量损失率。PTF10gvf的质量损失率为~10-2M⊙/yr,PTF10gvd的质量损失率为~10-4M⊙/yr。由于这些物理参数与亮蓝变星星风速度和质量损失率的典型值相符合,推测这两颗IIn型超新星的前身星有可能是亮蓝变星。这个结论为IIn超新星与亮蓝变星之间的联系提供了支持,与之前Gal-Yam A V等人得到的结果一致。     

基于BATC 1999-2008十年观测值班记录的兴隆天气情况统计

基于BATC巡天组近十年的观测值班记录,统计了兴隆观测站可观测时间随月份的变化,结果表明平均每年大约有195个可观测夜(约1986小时),其中大约有87个观测夜(约918小时)用来巡天,约有18个观测夜用来测光.另外还统计了兴隆观测站施密特望远镜十年来北极天区的观测图像中星像的半高全宽(FWHM)随月份的变化,结果表明一年内平均星像的半高全宽约为2.3像元(老CCD)或2.2像元(新CCD).一般来说,夏季的星像要好于冬季,这与刘颖(Liu)等人2003年[1]的结果基本一致.     

Instructions for authors

正Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics publishes original research papers and reviews 011 all liranchcs of astronoiriy and astrophysics.Reviews arc by invitation only.Important new results that require rapid publication can be submitted as a Letter(Letters must be restricted in length     

A thermodynamic model of high temperature lava vaporization on Io

We modified the MAGMA chemical equilibrium code developed by Fegley and Cameron (1987, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 82, 207-222) and used it to model vaporization of high temperature silicate lavas on Io. The MAGMA code computes chemical equilibria in a melt, between melt and its equilibrium vapor, and in the gas phase. The good agreement of MAGMA code results with experimental data and with other computer codes is demonstrated. The temperature-dependent pressure and composition of vapor in equilibrium with lava is calculated from 1700 to 2400 K for 109 different silicate lavas in the ONaKFeSiMgCaAlTi system. Results for five lavas (tholeiitic basalt, alkali basalt, Barberton komatiite, dunite, and a molten type B1 Ca, Al-rich inclusion) are discussed in detail. The effects of continuous fractional vaporization on chemistry of these lavas and their equilibrium vapor are presented. The predicted abundances (relative to Na) of K, Fe, Si, Al, Ca, and Ti in the vapor equilibrated with lavas at 1900 K are lower than published upper limits for Io's atmosphere (which do not include Mg). We predict evaporative loss of alkalis, Fe, and Si during volcanic eruptions. Sodium is more volatile than K, and the Na/K ratio in the gas is decreased by fractional vaporization. This process can match Io's atmospheric Na/K ratio of 10±3 reported by Brown (2001, Icarus 151, 190-195). Silicon monoxide is an abundant species in the vapor above lavas. Spectroscopic searches are recommended for SiO at IR and mm wavelengths. Reactions of metallic vapors with S- and Cl-bearing volcanic gases may form other unusual gases including MgCl₂, MgS, MgCl, FeCl₂, FeS, FeCl, and SiS.     

Instructions for authors

正Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics publishes original research papers and reviews on all branches of astronomy and astrophysics.Reviews are by invitation only.Important new results that require rapid publication can be submitted as a Letter(Letters must be restricted in length to 6 printed pages).Authors who submit a paper are expected to be able to certify that the paper is original work,     

Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics CONTENTS

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Alkali and halogen chemistry in volcanic gases on Io

We use chemical equilibrium calculations to model the speciation of alkalis and halogens in volcanic gases emitted on Io. The calculations cover wide temperature (500-2000 K) and pressure (10⁻⁶ to 10⁺¹ bars) ranges, which overlap the nominal conditions at Pele (T=1760 K, P=0.01 bars). About 230 compounds of 11 elements (O, S, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, F, Cl, Br, I) are considered. The elemental abundances for O, S, Na, K, and Cl are based upon observations. CI chondritic elemental abundances relative to sulfur are used for the other alkalis and halogens (as yet unobserved on Io). We predict the major alkali species in Pele-like volcanic gases and the percentage distribution of each alkali are LiCl (73%), LiF (27%); NaCl (81%), Na (16%), NaF (3%); KCl (91%), K (5%), KF (4%); RbCl (93%), Rb (4%), RbF (3%); CsCl (92%), CsF (6%), Cs (2%). Likewise the major halogen species and the percentage distribution of each halogen are NaF (88%), KF (10%), LiF (2%); NaCl (89%), KCl (11%); NaBr (89%), KBr (10%), Br (1%); NaI (61%), I (30%), KI (9%). We predict the major halogen condensates and their condensation temperatures at P=0.01 bar are NaF (1115 K), LiF (970 K); NaCl (1050 K), KCl (950 K); KBr (750 K), RbBr (730 K), CsBr (645 K); and solid I₂ (200 K). We also model disequilibrium chemistry of the alkalis and halogens in the volcanic plume. Based on this work and our prior modeling for Na, K, and Cl in a volcanic plume, we predict the major loss processes for the alkali halide gases are photolysis and/or condensation onto grains. Their estimated photochemical lifetimes range from a few minutes for alkali iodides to a few hours for alkali fluorides. Condensation is apparently the only loss process for elemental iodine. On the basis of elemental abundances and photochemical lifetimes, we recommend searching for gaseous KCl, NaF, LiF, LiCl, RbF, RbCl, CsF, and CsCl around volcanic vents during eruptions. Based on abundance considerations and observations of brown dwarfs we also recommend a search of Io's extended atmosphere and the Io plasma torus for neutral and ionized Li, Cs, Rb, and F.     

Study on the Stressed Mirror Polishing with a Continuous Polishing Machine for Large Aperture Off-axis Aspheric Mirrors

A special stressed annular polishing technique is proposed to mill the off-axis aspheric sub-mirrors of a large segmented mirror with an annular polishing machine. Based on the basic principle of stressed annular polishing technique, a set of special stressing mechanisms are designed to convert milling the aspheric surfaces of sub-mirrors with different off-axis distances into milling the spherical surfaces with identical radii of curvature, so that they can be pol- ished simultaneously on a continuous polishing machine. It took about contin- uous 40 hours to polish a scaled-down mirror of the planning Chinese Future Giant Telescope (CFGT) using this technique. This mirror has the 330 mm di- ameter, 3.6 m off-axis distance, and the 21.6 m radius of curvature, and its max- imum asphericity is 16 micron. The experiment shows that this method has a high effciency, suits batch manufacturing, especially the batch manufacturing of aspheric sub-mirrors of the segmented primary mirror of an extremely large aperture telescope.     

The climatic and physiographic controls of the eastern Mediterranean over the late Pleistocene climates in the southern Levant and its neighboring deserts

Modern-day synoptic-scale eastern Mediterranean climatology provides a useful context to synthesize the diverse late Pleistocene (60–12 ka) paleohydrologic and paleoenvironmental indicators of past climatic conditions in the Levant and the deserts to its south and east. We first critically evaluate, extract, and summarize paleoenvironmental and paleohydrologic records. Then, we propose a framework of eastern Mediterranean atmospheric circulation features interacting with the morphology and location of the southeast Mediterranean coast. Together they strongly control the spatial distribution of rainfall and wind pattern. This cyclone–physiography interaction enforces the observed rainfall patterns by hampering rainfall generation south and southeast of the latitude of the north Sinai coast, currently at 31°15′.The proposed framework explains the much-increased rains in Lebanon and northern Israel and Jordan as deduced from pollen, rise and maintenance of Lake Lisan, and speleothem formation in areas currently arid and semiarid. The proposed framework also accounts for the southward and eastward transition into semiarid, arid, and hyperarid deserts as expressed in thick loess accumulation at the deserts' margins, dune migration from west to east in the Sinai and the western Negev, and the formation of hyperarid (< 80 mm yr^− 1) gypsic–salic soils in the southern Negev and Sinai. Our climatic synthesis explains the hyperarid condition in the southern Negev, located only 200–250 km south of the much-increased rains in the north, probably reflecting a steeper rainfall gradient than the present-day gradient from the wetter Levant into its bordering southern and eastern deserts.At present, the rainiest winter seasons in Lebanon and northern and central Israel are associated with more frequent (+ 20%), deeper Cyprus Lows traversing the eastern Mediterranean at approximately the latitude of southern Turkey. Even these wettest years in northern Israel do not yield above average annual rainfall amounts in the hyperarid southern Negev. This region is mainly influenced by the Active Red Sea Troughs that produce only localized rains. The eastern Mediterranean Cyprus Lows also produce more dust storms and transport higher amounts of suspended dust to the loess area than any other atmospheric pattern. Concurrent rainfall and dust are essential to the late Pleistocene formation of the elongated thick loess zone along the desert northern margin. Even with existing dust storms, the lack of rain and very sparse vegetation account for the absence of late Pleistocene loess sequences from the southern Negev and the formation of hyperarid soils.When the north Sinai coast shifted 30–70 km northwest due to last glacial global sea level lowering, the newly exposed coastal areas supplied the sand and dust to these active eastern Mediterranean cyclones. This enforced the latitude of the northern boundary of the loess zone to be directly due east of the LGM shoreline. This shift of coast to the northwest inhibited rainfall in the southern Levant deserts and maintained their hyperaridity. Concurrently, frequent deep eastern Mediterranean Cyprus Lows were funneled along the northern Mediterranean increasing (probably doubling) the rains in central and northern Israel, Lebanon, southwestern Syria and northern Jordan. These storms and rains formed lakes, forests, and speleothems only a short distance north of the deserts in the southern Levant.     

Active hot star shells

Interferometry in the visible provides milliarcsecond spatial resolution and thus has been used for studying the circumstellar environment of active hot stars. In this paper I will illustrate how the visibility modulus and phase can be used to better constrain the physics of Be disks through results from the VLA, the MkII and the GI2T interferometers. I will insist on the importance and the potential of coupling high angular resolution with high spectral resolution to the study of Be shells. Finally I will present a possible study of the circumstellar disk of Be stars using the VLTI. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.