宇宙尖晶石与地球尖晶石的比较

本文就宇宙尖晶石的形态，化学组成，及产状特征作了概要性论述，对它的成因机制 作了介绍；并和地球尖晶石作比较，表明它们之 间的成因和形成条件的差异，突出了宇宙尖晶石的特点，即宇宙尖晶石为陨石物质在大气氧化过程中结晶而成，无例外的都有一个较高的氧化态和高镍含量。在地质纪录中宇宙尖晶石的发现具有双重意义，它既是地外物质的标志，又反映了增生事件独特的形成环境。     

橄榄岩中尖晶石化学成分分带的机理及其地质意义

橄榄岩中尖晶石的化学成分分带显示，在由温度降低引起的亚固相平衡过程中，与橄榄石及斜方辉石相邻的尖晶石边缘贫Mg和Al、富Fe和Cr，而与单斜辉石相邻的尖晶石边线相反。尖晶石的Fe和Mg分带为其他矿物的粒间Fe－Mg离子扩散所致；尖晶石中的Cr和Al分带则是尖晶石晶体内部Cr－Al离子的交互扩散所致。本文从热力学理论角度说明了尖晶石晶体内部的Cr－Al交互扩散受其Fe－Mg分带的控制；从热力学计算证明了尖晶石内Al必须从富Fe处向富Mg处扩散，解释了尖晶石中Mg和Al及Fe和Cr分带的一致性。     

辽宁瓦房店金伯利岩中铬尖晶石成分的两种分带趋势及其成…

首次报道金伯利岩中铬尖晶石的两种成分分带趋势，其中斑晶铬尖晶石以核部富Ｃｒ、边缘逐渐富Ａｌ和Ｆｅ＾３＋为特征，该铬尖晶石为金伯利岩岩浆上升过程中形成的；基质铬尖晶石则同上述变化趋势相反，它们是岩浆在温、压增大或母岩在熔融程度增加过程中形成的。根据Ｃｒ２Ｏ３含量，基质铬尖晶石可分为两类：一是岩浆演化晚期，岩管爆发前增压过程中结晶的低铬铁尖晶；二是来自深源捕虏体的高铬铁尖晶石，本文探讨了它们的形成机制     

论尖晶石族矿物结构的转变

尖晶石族矿物结构的特征是;氧离子作立方最紧密堆积、阳离子占据八分之一的四面体空隙和二分之一的八面体孔隙。若将四面体位置叫做A位、八面体位置称作B位,其化学计量通式应为AB_2O_4。所有尖晶石族矿物都含有两种不同的阳离子,至少是两种价态的同种阳离子,其比例是2:1,根据含量较多的那种阳离子的分布,尖晶石结构又被划分为正尖晶石型和反尖晶石型,若较多的那种阳离子全部分布在八面体位置,则称之为正尖晶石型;若其平均分布     

辽宁瓦房店金伯利岩中铬尖晶石成分的两种分带趋势及其成因探讨

首次报道金伯利岩中铬尖晶石的两种成分分带趋势，其中斑晶铬尖晶石以核部富Ｃｒ、边缘逐渐富Ａｌ和Ｆｅ￣（＋３）为特征，该铬尖晶石为金伯利岩岩浆上升过程中形成的；基质铬尖晶石则同上述变化趋势相反，它们是岩浆在温、压增大或母岩在熔融程度增加过程中形成的。根据Ｃｒ＿２Ｏ＿３含量，基质铬尖晶石可分为两类：一是岩浆演化晚期，岩管爆发前槽压过程中结晶的低铬铁尖晶石（Ｃｒ＿２Ｏ＿３＜５４％）；二是来自深源捕虏体的高铬铁尖晶石（Ｃｒ＿２Ｏ＿３＞６０％），本文探讨了它们的形成机制。     

女山地幔橄榄岩捕虏体Re-Os同位素地球化学

Re-Os同位素体系可以为大陆岩石圈地幔形成和演化提供重要制约.在近百个女山地幔橄榄岩捕虏体样品经不同程度的岩石学、岩石化学、矿物化学、单斜辉石微量元素等岩矿和地球化学研究基础上,选择了12个有代表性的样品作Re-Os同位素地球化学研究.其中有5个尖晶石二辉橄榄岩;1个尖晶石方辉橄榄岩;2个角闪石-尖晶石二辉橄榄岩;1个金云母-尖晶石二辉橄榄岩;3个石榴石-尖晶石二辉橄榄岩.     

西藏普兰超镁铁岩体东部铬尖晶石矿物学特征及其地质意义

尖晶石是地幔橄榄岩中一种非常重要的矿物,虽然含量很低,却可以作为其寄主岩石——地幔橄榄岩——的成因指示剂.普兰岩体东部铬尖晶石分布广泛,几乎在所有岩石类型中都有出现.通过矿物学特征的研究,认为尖晶石可分为两类,一类较自形,颜色较深;另一类多呈不规则状和蠕虫状,颜色较浅.根据其化学特征,又可分为富铬型的尖晶石(Cr#＞60)和富铝型的尖晶石(Cr#＜60),富铬型尖晶石主要出现在纯橄岩、蛇纹岩和辉石岩中,富铝型尖晶石主要出现在二辉橄榄岩中.其中,方辉橄榄岩中的尖晶石形态、化学成分变化比较大,说明它经历了较为复杂的形成和变化过程.通过对尖晶石矿物学和化学特征的综合研究,认为该区尖晶石具有深海橄榄岩和上部俯冲板片(SSZ)构造环境橄榄岩特征,普兰岩体可能先后经历了MOR和SSZ两种构造环境.     

徐-淮地区早侏罗世侵入杂岩中单斜辉石岩捕虏体的矿物组合及演化

对徐－淮地区早侏罗世侵入杂岩中尖晶石单斜辉石岩捕虏体的岩石学和矿物学研究表明，镁铁尖晶石和富铝单斜辉石矿物组合代表了更早期地幔岩浆在下部地壳或上地幔顶部的堆积体，其形成的温压条件为0.90GP和835℃；以尖晶石转变成石榴石和单斜辉石＋石榴石＋刚玉组合为代表的矿物组合（Ⅱ）反映了尖晶石单斜辉石岩形成后又经历了高压变质作用，所估算的温压条件为1.40-1.65GPa和900－1000℃；晚期退变角闪石的形成表明尖晶石单斜辉石岩又遭受了角闪岩相的退化变质作用，估算的温压条件为0.70GPa和670－740℃。该类捕虏体的发现对认识大别－苏鲁超高压变质带的深部俯冲方向及其范围具有重要意义。     

地幔橄榄岩部分熔融及相转变（尖晶石相→斜长石相）过程中的固相化学成分演化──Ⅱ．在自然岩石中的应用

分析了全球一些有代表性的上地幔尖晶石橄榄岩和斜长石橄榄岩中各矿物的化学成分变化特征。发现在斜长石橄榄岩中，尖晶石和斜方辉石富Ｔｉ，且Ｔｉ含量随Ｃｒ／（Ｃｒ＋Ａｌ）的增大而增大；单斜辉石富Ｔｉ贫Ｎａ，其Ｔｉ含量随Ｎａ含量的增大而减少。据此，结合实验结果，可以肯定世界各地大多数斜长石二辉橄榄岩在斜长石相域内未经受部分熔融。岩体所曾经受的部分熔融只发生在尖晶石或石榴石相。它们的相对熔融度可以用下面两个指标来估计：（１）最贫Ｔｉ尖晶石的Ｃｒ／（Ｃｒ＋Ａｌ）；（２）单斜辉石的最高Ｎａ含量。对于尖晶石橄榄岩，从二辉橄榄岩、方辉橄榄岩到纯橄榄岩，其尖晶石和斜方辉石的Ｃｒ／（Ｃｒ＋Ａｌ）逐渐增大，而含量很低的Ｔｉ或Ｎａ在尖晶石、斜方辉石及单斜辉石中保持不变或趋向逐渐减小。尖晶石橄榄岩的相对熔融度可据尖晶石的Ｃｒ／（Ｃｒ＋Ａｌ）和单斜辉石的Ｎａ含量来判断。     

670公里转变带以上地幔的化学不均匀性

回答地幔的化学成分和地幔对流的规模这两个相关的问题,需要利用地震学及岩石学资料.一般,岩石学家们认为地幔的成分基本是均匀的.通常假设其中的不连续面代表了某种富橄揽石物质的等化学相变,而不是化学分界.因此,由地震方法探测到的400km及670km这两个分界面,被认为分别代表“橄榄石—尖晶石”相变及”尖晶石—后尖晶石(Spinel post—Spinel)相变.由于地震波速在670km处迅速增加,因此这个不连续面更有意义.此分界面十分清楚,因为它即是短周期地震波的良好反射层,又是地震活动的下界一在此边界以下尚未发现可确信定位的地震.上述观察说明“670”是一个为对流提供了屏障的化学界面.A.C.Lees等近来计算了各种可能     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of