液氮冻结条件下岩石孔隙结构损伤试验研究

液氮温度极低,约在-195.56^-180.44℃之间,当与岩石接触时会对岩石孔隙结构产生损伤。根据这一特点,低温液氮有望作为压裂流体对储层进行压裂改造。为了研究液氮冻结对岩石孔隙结构损伤的影响,选取两种不同砂岩岩样,分别在不同初始含水饱和度条件下进行液氮冻结处理。对冻结前、后的岩样进行孔隙度以及核磁共振测试,得到岩样在冻结前、后的孔隙度、横向弛豫时间T2分布以及T2谱面积变化情况。试验结果表明:液氮冻结会对岩石的孔隙结构产生损伤,损伤程度受到岩性、孔隙度和岩石含水饱和度等因素影响;岩石含水饱和度越大,损伤就越严重,当岩石含水饱和度达到100%时,岩石表面产生了明显裂纹;岩石在液氮冻结下损伤形式主要是微孔隙的发育和扩展,微孔隙的增加会使岩石孔隙结构的连通性增强,甚至会产生新的大尺寸孔隙,从而对孔隙结构造成严重损伤。     

基于岩石物理模版的碳酸盐岩含气储层定量解释

笔者针对碳酸盐岩储层勘探开发面临的储层预测与流体识别难度大的问题,基于岩石物理理论,提出了一种对碳酸盐岩含气储层进行定量解释的方法:首先,综合碳酸盐岩地质和测井信息,以岩石物理理论为依据,实现了适用的碳酸盐岩岩石物理模型的构建;然后基于岩石物理模型优选出对孔隙度、含气饱和度较为敏感的参数λρ和μρ,构建能够反映储层孔隙度与含气饱和度的碳酸盐岩岩石物理模版;最后,将岩石物理模版与工区反演提取的参数相结合,确定储层分布范围,并对储层范围内孔隙度和含气饱和度数值进行了定量解释。实例分析表明,基于该模版定量解释得到的孔隙度和含气饱和度与实际地层孔隙度及产气结果基本一致,经验证碳酸盐岩岩石物理模版的可靠性和适用性较好。     

用电阻率和饱和度数据以及测井数据估算渗透率

经研究提出了渗透率,含水饱和度与岩石电阻率之间的实验关系。当已知两个参数时,用这一关系可解释三个参数中的另一个参数。例如,当已知含水饱和度时,可用这一关系依据电阻率测井数据解释渗透率。该研究建立在不同渗透率岩心样品的电性测量基础之上。用盐水饱和度Ｓｗ和相应的岩石电阻率Ｒｔ一起描述岩石的渗透率。为消除盐水电阻率的影响,岩石电阻率用视电层因数Ｆａ表示,这个因数为部分饱和的岩石电阻率与盐水电阻率Ｒｗ的比     

碳酸盐岩储层渗透率预测

碳酸盐岩渗透率受岩石结构控制,而岩石结构是沉积和成岩共同作用的结果,碳酸盐岩储层渗透率的定量计算和预测是高效开发碳酸盐岩气田的重要依据.同传统指数模型、Winland-Pittman模型、Garman-Kozeny模型、Bryant-Finney模型相比,一般渗透率计算模型更能将岩石渗透率和地质参数有机地联系起来.采用一般渗透率模型,根据岩石原始水饱和度测定数据和薄片孔隙度,再结合钻井岩芯、岩屑和常规测井(自然伽马和深侧向电阻率)等资料,将岩石结构数与岩石物性及沉积旋回联系起来,对四川盆地某探井鲕滩气层的渗透率进行了定量计算,进而分析储层段渗透率垂向变化和沉积旋回间的关系,为在高频层序旋回内精确选定开发层段提供了可靠依据.     

不同驱替方式下岩石电阻率与饱和度的关系

针对高含水期老区调整井饱和度评价过程中存在的问题,通过模拟油田开发过程的岩石物理实验,研究水驱油方式下电阻率与含水饱和度之间的关系。与油驱水不同,水驱油方式下电阻增大率与含水饱和度在双对数坐标系中的关系不再是一条直线,而呈现出明显的与高、低含水饱和度区间相关的两段式;岩石的润湿特征不同,两段式拐点所对应的含水饱和度S_wp不同,水驱方式下所能达到的最终采收率也不同。水驱油方式下的I－S_w曲线特征表明,用勘探阶段及开发初期油驱水实验得到的饱和度公式对开发中后期的饱和度进行评价不太合适,尤其是在高含水期,电阻率对高含水饱和度反映能力的局限性严重制约了这一阶段水淹层的评价精度。     

硫酸铈容量法测定含锑试样中的亚铁

岩石中亚铁测定应用最广泛的是重铬酸钾容量法^[1]，还有测定铬铁矿中亚铁的五氧化二钒一硫酸亚铁铵容量法^[2]。本文着重试验和探讨含锑矿物岩石中亚铁测定的硫酸铈容量法。试样以硫酸、氢氟酸分解，加硼酸消除氟的影响，以二苯胺磺酸钠为指示剂，用标准硫酸铈溶液进行滴定，直接测定含锑矿物岩石中的亚铁。试验表明，在硫磷混合酸的冷溶液中，三价锑高达100mg，五价锑达30mg对亚铁测定基本没有影响。方法适用于含锑矿物岩石中亚铁的测定，手续简便，终点清晰，结果满意。     

1∶20万岩石化探测量碳酸盐岩分析方法研究——等离子体质谱为主的配套分析方法

研究了碳酸盐岩中基体元素Ｃａ和Ｍｇ对测定痕量元素的影响及消除办法，建立了用等离子体质谱法测定碳酸盐岩石中２６个痕量元素的３个分析流程；并采用Ｘ射线荧光光谱、石墨炉原子吸收光谱、原子荧光光谱等方法配套测定了碳酸盐岩石中１５种主、次量元素。配套方法的检出限、精密度、准确度均符合１∶２０万岩石化探测量碳酸盐岩分析技术指标要求。方法经标样及碳酸盐岩石样品分析验证，其结果与不同实验室、不同方法测定结果相符。     

泥质砂岩复电阻率的频散特性实验

不同孔隙流体特性的岩石复电阻率频散实验,是复电阻率测井资料评价水淹层和低阻油层的岩石物理基础。通过水驱水、水驱油、油驱水的岩石复电阻率频散特性的实验研究,发现泥质砂岩的复电阻率频散特性受含油饱和度的影响较大,受地层水矿化度的影响较小,尤其是异相电阻率,受地层水矿化度的影响更小;与含水泥质砂岩相比,含油泥质砂岩的相角相对较大,且随着含油饱和度的增加而增大;含水岩石和含油岩行在频散特性上存在着较大差异。实验研究结果表明,利用基于岩石频散特性发展起来的复电阻率测井技术,可以有效地识别油水层。     

致密岩石介质中气体滑脱效应的研究进展

致密岩石介质中的气体渗流有别于液体渗流,其中滑脱效应是影响致密岩石介质中气体渗流规律的一个重要因素。通过分析国内外学者在气体滑脱效应方面的研究进展,总结了滑脱效应的产生机理和产生条件,认为气体分子在孔壁附近的运动状态是产生滑脱效应的根本原因。同时围绕孔隙气体压力、围压、含水饱和度、气体性质等因素对气体滑脱效应的影响及实质进行综合分析。分析结果对研究低渗透多孔介质中气体渗流规律和测定低渗气田开发中气体渗透率参数等方面具有较大的参考意义。      

不同层序岩相中的不稳定带和岩石的特征变化

盆地形成的原因包括；构造圈深部地带物质的不稳定状态、软流圈厚度的增加和继而地壳厚度的减小。大多数沉积盆地均有一些高能不稳定层，反映了岩石特征的非线性交换。在不同岩石类型的不同深度，密度、孔隙度、水饱和度等的异常均不相同。决定异常存在的主要作用是岩石的构造一组分特征和导热性、导电性。采用与深度和ＰＴ因子一致的温度计算法来建立不同岩石类型和不同地球动力条件和热力条件下岩石特征变化的计算机模型或许是重要的。密度、孔隙度等的非线性变化决定了不同流体循环的环型流动的存在，不稳定层的预测是矿产预测之关键。     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of     

OCEANOGRAPHY & MARINE GEOLOGY

正20140582 Fang Xisheng(Key Lab.of Marine Sedimentology and Environmental Geology,First Institute of Oceanography,State Oceanic Administration,Qingdao 266061,China);Shi Xuefa Mineralogy of Surface Sediment in the Eastern Area off the Ryukyu Islands and Its Geological Significance(Marine Geology Quaternary Geology,ISSN0256-1492,CN37