安徽岳西地区的含白云石柯石英榴辉岩

安徽岳西地区与超基性岩伴生的柯石英榴辉岩的共生矿物组合是石榴石+绿辉石+白云石+柯石英+金红石或石榴石+绿辉石+柯石英+斜黝帘石+白色云母+金红石。前一个含白云石组合是本文作者首次发现的。石榴石中铁铝、镁铝和钙铝榴石分子分别为25～63(％)、10～32％和23～44％。绿辉石中硬玉、普通辉石、霓石和钙契尔马克分子分别为35～51％、45～58％、0.2～13％和0～3％。变质作用的温度为600～840℃,压力大于2.7～2.9GPa,形成深度在80km以上。     

柴北缘鱼卡河榴辉岩的变质演化——石榴石成分环带及矿物反应结构的证据

柴北缘鱼卡河榴辉岩的典型矿物组合为石榴石-绿辉石-多硅白云母-金红石。其中粗粒石榴石变斑晶普遍保存进变质生长环带,从核部到边部石榴石的化学成分、包体矿物的种类和粒度皆呈现出规律的分带性。岩相学和矿物化学研究进一步表明,该榴辉岩经历了前榴辉岩相、榴辉岩相及后榴辉岩相三个主要变质演化阶段。前榴辉岩相以石榴石核部成分及核部包体矿物组合石榴石(GrtⅠ) 角闪石(AmpⅠ) 斜长石(PⅡ) 石英(Qtz)为特征,P-T 估算结果为450～500℃和0.6～0.7GPa。榴辉岩相变质阶段又可细分为早期、峰期榴辉岩和退变角闪榴辉岩三个亚相。早期榴辉岩亚相以石榴石幔部成分和幔部包体矿物组合石榴石(GrtⅡA) 绿辉石(OmpⅡA) 多硅白云母(PheⅡA)±黝帘石(Zoi) 金红石(Ru)为代表,估算的温压条件为580～640℃和2.4～2.5GPa;峰期榴辉岩相以石榴石的边部(GrtⅡB)及基质中绿辉石(OmpⅡB)和多硅白云母(PheⅡB)的核部为代表,矿物组合为 GrtⅡB OmpⅡB PheⅡB Ru,估算的 P-T 条件为620～680℃和3.0～3.4GPa;退变角闪榴辉岩相以共生的石榴石的最边部(GrtⅡC)、基质绿辉石(OmpⅡC)和多硅白云母(PheⅡC)的边部及镁红闪石(AmpⅡ)组合为代表,矿物组合为 GrtⅡC OmpⅡC AmpⅡ PheⅡC,估算的 P-T 条件为700～720℃和2.3～2.4GPa。后榴辉岩阶段主要为麻粒岩-高角闪岩相,以绿辉石分解形成透辉石 钠长石冠状体以及进一步分解形成韭闪石 斜长石,铁红闪石分解形成浅闪石 斜长石为代表,P-T 估算结果为550～600℃和0.6～1GPa。温压估算结果表明,鱼卡河榴辉岩经历了升温升压—升温降压—降温降压的一个顺时针 P-T 演化轨迹,它记录了从俯冲-超高压变质-抬升的连续的演化过程。峰期变质条件为630～680℃和3.0～3.4GPa,已达超高压变质范畴。榴辉岩中进变质矿物组合和生长环带的保存说明榴辉岩的形成经历了相对快速的俯冲和折返的动力学过程。     

柴北缘沙柳河榴辉岩岩石学及年代学初步研究

柴达木盆地北缘东端沙柳河一带榴辉岩呈布丁构造赋存在新元古代末期花岗片麻岩中 ,榴辉岩主要由石榴石、绿辉石和金红石等矿物组成 ,石榴石含有 38%～ 4 4 %的铁铝榴石、2 2 %～ 2 3%的钙铝榴石和 31%～ 38%的镁铝榴石分子 ,绿辉石含有 35 %～ 38%硬玉分子。榴辉岩变质作用过程可分为三个阶段 ,第一阶段可能为绿帘角闪岩相 ,形成了残留在石榴石中的绿帘石 +角闪石早期矿物组合 ;第二阶段为榴辉岩相 ,形成了绿辉石 +石榴石 +金红石矿物共生组合 ,其温压条件为 :T =730℃ ,P >1.6Gpa ,代表了强烈俯冲时期 ;第三阶段为高角闪岩相 ,形成了普通辉石 +角闪石 +斜长石矿物共生组合 ,其温压条件为 :T =6 70℃ ,P =0 .3～ 0 .5Gpa。变质作用演化及P -T -t轨迹反映了其地球动力学过程是板块碰撞模式。榴辉岩的颗粒锆石U -Pb年龄 (484± 3)Ma可能代表榴辉岩相变质年龄。研究表明柴北缘存在一条早古生代的高压碰撞带     

西大别熊店地区榴辉岩变质作用的P-T轨迹研究

西大别熊店地区的榴辉岩多属于高压榴辉岩,主要矿物为石榴石、角闪石、绿辉石、绿泥石、白云母、石英、以及少量金红石及长石。石榴石具有明显的生长环带。本次研究利用榴辉岩样品的全岩成分定量的绘制了P-T视剖面图,根据石榴石的端元成分含量,计算得出了石榴石成分剖面所对应的温压条件。其核部的温压条件为21. 5 × 10 ⁸ Pa ～ 22. 2 × 10 ⁸ Pa,450℃ ～ 463℃,对应的矿物组合为石榴石 + 绿辉石 + 蓝闪石 + 阳起石 + 硬柱石 + 绿泥石 + （白云母 + 水）;边缘的温压条件为6 × 10 ⁸ Pa ～ 8 × 10 ⁸ Pa,610℃ ～ 630℃,该温压条件对应的矿物组合为石榴石 + 普通角闪石 + 斜长石 + 透辉石 ＋ （白云母 + 水）,从而得到石榴石变质演化的P-T轨迹,由此反映出石榴石变质过程是一个升温降压的过程。     

柴北缘鱼卡榴辉岩的pT演化历史

鱼卡榴辉岩位于柴北缘HP/UHP变质带的西段,榴辉岩呈透镜状或似层状分布在变质泥质岩、花岗质片麻岩及少量大理岩中,主要由石榴石和绿辉石组成,具有含量不等的多硅白云母、角闪石、黝帘石(斜黝帘石或绿帘石)、金红石和石英等。岩相学和矿物化学研究显示榴辉岩经历了3期与俯冲和折返作用有关的变质演化阶段:(1)前榴辉岩相进变质阶段,榴辉岩矿物组合为石榴石(核) 绿帘石 斜长石 角闪石,以包体的形式保存于具有生长环带的石榴石核部,形成的温压条件为p=1.06～1.11GPa,t=560～577℃;(2)榴辉岩相变质阶段,以绿辉石、多硅白云母等矿物围绕石榴石定向分布为特征,其矿物组合为石榴石(边) 绿辉石 多硅白云母±黝帘石,温压估算获得榴辉岩相的变质条件为p=2.35～2.52GPa,t=610～680℃;(3)后榴辉岩相变质阶段,矿物组合为石榴石 角闪石 斜长石,主要存在于围绕榴辉岩透镜体分布的退变榴辉岩(角闪石化榴辉岩)中,形成的温压条件为p=1.09±0.12GPa,t=635±44℃。研究结果显示榴辉岩的pT轨迹具有“发卡”型特点,表明鱼卡榴辉岩经历了快速俯冲和折返的演化历史。     

苏北榴辉岩成因型及其形成条件

苏北榴辉岩至少存在高度压壳源型（Ｈ型）、超高压壳源型（Ｕ型）和幔源型（Ｍ型）三类。其中Ｈ型榴辉岩的石榴石为铁铝榴石,具正环带结构,单斜辉石属低硬玉绿辉石,主要形成于晋宁期低温度高压变质条件下的下地壳;Ｕ型榴辉岩含微粒金刚石（？）、柯石英及其假象等,发育放射状胀裂结构和正、反环带结构、石榴石为钙铝榴石、单斜辉石属高硬玉绿辉石,主要形成于印支期高温超高压变质条件下的上地幔;Ｍ型榴辉岩的石榴石属镁铝榴石     

苏北榴辉岩成因类型及其形成条件

苏北榴辉岩至少存在高压壳源型（Ｈ型）、超高压壳源型（Ｕ型）和幔源型（Ｍ型）三类。其中Ｈ型榴辉岩的石榴石为铁铝榴石,具正环带结构,单斜辉石属低硬玉绿辉石,主要形成于晋宁期低温高压变质条件下的下地壳;Ｕ型榴辉岩含微粒金刚石（？）、柯石英及其假象等,发育放射状胀裂结构和正、反环带结构,石榴石为钙铝榴石,单斜辉石属高硬玉绿辉石,主要形成于印支期高温超高压变质条件下的上地幔;Ｍ型榴辉岩的石榴石属镁铝榴石,形成于晋宁期高温超高压条件下的岩石圈与软流圈交界附近。     

青藏高原北缘火山岩中辉石岩包体研究

青藏高原北缘可可西里鲸鱼湖、雄鹰台、双泉子火山岩中含有辉石岩包体 ,其主要矿物组成为单斜辉石和斜方辉石。辉石的化学成分与国内外幔源包体 -橄榄岩和辉石岩中的类似 ,与麻粒岩中的明显不同 ;辉石温压计计算结果表明 ,辉石形成的温度为 110 1～ 140 0℃ ,压力为 30× 10 8～ 6 0× 10 8Pa,结合岩浆动力学计算结果 ,推测岩浆的来源深度大于 15 0km ,这与地球物理研究得出本区地下深处存在低速层的结果相吻合。     

大别造山带黄镇榴辉岩矿物不同类型地质温度计应用和对比

常用于测定榴辉岩形成温度的有石榴石-绿辉石Fe-Mg配分温度计和石英-矿物对氧同位素温度计。最近的自然观察和实验测定发现，金红石中的Zr含量与温度之间存在线性关系，因此能够用于变质岩测温。本文首次将这三种温度计用于同一产地榴辉岩及其中的石英脉。对大别造山带黄镇低温超高压榴辉岩中金红石Zr含量的温度计算得到，产于矿物内部金红石Zr含量温度明显地高于粒间金红石Zr含量温度，产于矿物石榴石、绿辉石和黝帘石内部金红石Zr含量温度主要集中在528～589℃之间，而产于粒间金红石的温度主要集中在465～528℃之间。榴辉岩中金红石Zr含量最高的产于石榴石中，但是所计算的温度503～589℃仍然不同程度地低于榴辉岩形成温度670℃。石英脉中金红石Zr含量温度主要集中在465～528℃之间。石英-耐熔矿物对氧同位素温度主要集中在650～695℃之间，表明耐熔矿物石榴石、锆石和蓝晶石在该区榴辉岩中相对其它矿物来说保存最好，退变质作用最弱，因此其氧同位素温度与峰期超高压榴辉岩相变质奈件基本一致。而石英．易熔矿物对温度主要集中在450～510℃之间，与易熔矿物绿辉石、钠云母、斜黝帘石／黝帘石在榴辉岩中蚀变强烈一致，反映了角闪岩相退变质阶段的流体活动。石榴石-单斜辉石Fe-Mg配分温度结果分为三组：795～863℃、629～679℃和468～572℃，其中后两组与金红石Zr含量和石英-矿物对氧同位素测温结果具有可比较性，指示了榴辉岩相变质和角闪岩相退变质过程中的Fe-Mg交换平衡，而第一组温度明显高于已知的榴辉岩相变质温度，表明绿辉石后成合晶导致了部分石榴石与单斜辉石之间的Fe-Mg不平衡。榴辉岩折返过程中的流体活动可能是导致矿物之间元素和同位素扩散交换再平衡或不平衡的基本原因。粒内金红石Zr含量温度仍然不同程度地低于榴辉岩形成温度，可能说明其在进变质过程中形成后相对“孤立”，即使在峰期榴辉岩相条件下也不能与锆石之间达到Zr配分再平衡。粒间金红石Zr含量降低可能与金红石重结晶有关，结果导致它们与锆石之间的Zr配分平衡遭到破坏。     

冀西北石榴基性麻粒岩中辉石的演化及其地质意义

冀西北石榴基性麻粒岩中的辉石可分为三个世代。第一世代的单斜和斜方辉石包裹于石榴石变斑晶中, 它们形成的温压条件为 T=750～830℃, P=1.0～1.26GPa。第二世代的单斜和斜方辉石分布于基质中, 它们和斜长石常构成120°交角的稳定共生结构, 形成条件 T=780～860℃, P=0.83～0.92GPa。第三世代的辉石产于石榴石的冠状反应边内, 形成条件 T=720～750℃, P=0.554～0.679GPa。从第一世代单斜辉石到第三世代单斜辉石, 它们的Al     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)