西昆仑尖山混杂岩带中硅质岩地球化学特征及沉积环境

尖山混杂岩带由基性一超基性岩、基性火山岩、基性火山碎屑岩及硅质岩组成,各类岩石呈岩片(块)产出。带内硅质岩具富Al_2O_3、高Fe_2O_3和低TiO_2特征,为含较高比例陆源泥质沉积物(SiO_2含量74.71%~83.61%)。Al/(Fe+Mn+Al)=0.72~0.81、U/Th=0.14~0.34,显示生物沉积硅质岩特点。页岩标准化曲线主要为弱Ce正异常(Ce/Ce*=0.90~1.22)、无明显Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=0.78~1.01)、轻、重稀土分异不明显的平坦曲线,为典型大陆边缘硅质岩。硅质岩中Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3)=0.62~0.75、Al_2O_3/TiO_2=12.63~20.22(平均15.99)、MnO/TiO_2=0.08~0.57、La_(SN)/Ce_(SN)=0.79~1.17、Ti/V=47.44~68.29、Th/U=2.94~7.39、δEu_(CN)=0.53~0.69及Ce_(anom)=-0.16~-0.03,均与大陆边缘硅质岩值相当,反映其形成明显受带内大面积出露的、以基性火成岩为主的陆源物质影响,但距大陆有一定距离的陆内裂谷环境之中。据放射虫时代,硅质岩形成于中三叠世,尖山混杂岩带还处于拉张发展阶段。其形成时代、构造背景可与区域上西金乌兰蛇绿混杂岩带进行对比。     

班公湖-怒江缝合带西段改则硅质岩地球化学征及沉积环境

班公湖-怒江缝合带是西藏第二条规模巨大的基性-超基性岩带.文章通过对该带西段改则地区硅质岩的系统地球化学研究,探讨了硅质岩形成的成因和构造背景.研究表明:①硅质岩的w(SiO2)变化范围在85.23％～93.73％之间,Si/Al比值为34.08～56.92,表明它们含有较高比例的陆源泥质沉积物;②Hf、Pb、Nb、T...     

广西龙胜晚元古代硅质岩的地球化学特征

本文研究了桂北龙胜地区晚元古代硅质岩的岩石、地球化学特征。通过对比、认为上元古界丹洲群三门街组中与海底枕状基性溶岩相伴产出的硅质岩及震旦系老堡组硅质岩属热水沉积作用形成。     

北祁连永登石灰沟奥陶纪硅质岩地球化学特征及大地构造意义

北祁连造山带位于华北板块西南缘,是中一南祁连微板块与华北板块碰撞形成的加里东造山带。永登石灰沟位于北祁连东段,跨奥陶纪岛弧构造带。永登石灰沟一带奥陶系主要分布中堡群,其主要为中基性火山岩、火山碎屑岩夹硅质岩、大理岩、板岩及变质砂岩。硅质岩的沉积地球化学研究表明,与岛弧火山岩共生的硅质岩为生物成因,形成于大陆边缘盆地的构造背景。但硅质岩稀土元素特征反映其受陆源影响不明显,为远离陆源的深水盆地沉积。推测北祁连奥陶纪处于多岛洋的构造背景,北祁连奥陶纪存在宽阔、多岛的古洋盆。     

滇东南石炭系坝达组对比和南盘江晚古生代大洋板块演化

右江盆地上世纪末发现了桂西晚古生代海相（洋岛）玄武岩,近期亦有报道。洋盆、洋脊玄武岩是判断洋岛存在的先行条件。滇东南坝达、里呼一带下石炭统的坝达组（C1b）主要为灰黑、灰白色薄层硅质岩、放射虫硅质岩、海绵骨针硅质岩、玄武岩夹凝灰岩、泥晶灰岩、泥岩,具有典型的硅质岩—玄武岩—灰岩—泥岩组合的洋盆沉积建造,含牙形石、三叶虫等。该组喷发于他披组之上的基性—超基性熔岩,具有显著的大洋拉斑玄武岩特征。因此,坝达组的划分和对比为研究右江盆地晚古生代—中三叠世的多岛洋盆环境提供了重要的依据,对研究华夏造山带与扬子陆块的拼贴过程具有十分重要的科学意义。     

滇东南石炭系坝达组对比和南盘江晚古生代大洋板块演化

右江盆地上世纪末发现了桂西晚古生代海相(洋岛)玄武岩,近期亦有报道。洋盆、洋脊玄武岩是判断洋岛存在的先行条件。滇东南坝达、里呼一带下石炭统的坝达组(C₁b)主要为灰黑、灰白色薄层硅质岩、放射虫硅质岩、海绵骨针硅质岩、玄武岩夹凝灰岩、泥晶灰岩、泥岩,具有典型的硅质岩—玄武岩—灰岩—泥岩组合的洋盆沉积建造,含牙形石、三叶虫等。该组喷发于他披组之上的基性—超基性熔岩,具有显著的大洋拉斑玄武岩特征。因此,坝达组的划分和对比为研究右江盆地晚古生代—中三叠世的多岛洋盆环境提供了重要的依据,对研究华夏造山带与扬子陆块的拼贴过程具有十分重要的科学意义。     

北祁连肃南一带奥陶纪硅质岩沉积地球化学特征及其多岛洋构造意义

北祁连造山带位于华北板块西南缘, 是柴达木微板块与华北板块碰撞形成的加里东造山带.北祁连肃南百泉门—边马沟位于北祁连西段, 跨奥陶纪弧后盆地、岛弧、海沟俯冲杂岩等构造带和百泉门—九个泉、大岔大坂、边马沟3个蛇绿岩带.北祁连肃南一带奥陶系主要分布阴沟组地层, 主要为中基性火山岩、火山碎屑岩夹硅质岩、大理岩、变质泥岩(板岩或片岩) 及砂岩.硅质岩的沉积地球化学研究表明, 边马沟与大洋俯冲蛇绿杂岩共生的硅质岩、大岔大坂与岛弧蛇绿岩共生的硅质岩及九个泉、百泉门与弧后蛇绿岩共生的硅质岩均形成于大陆边缘盆地的构造背景, 但硅质岩稀土元素特征反映其受陆源影响不明显, 为远离陆源的深水盆地沉积.推测北祁连奥陶纪处于多岛洋的构造背景, 北祁连奥陶纪存在宽阔、多岛的古洋盆.      

北祁连中段高压/低温混杂带——岩石学、地球化学和年代学证据

详细的野外研究结果表明,北祁连中段清水沟-香子沟高压低温变质带中出露的变质岩主要有榴辉岩、蓝片岩、多硅白云母石英片岩、变硅质岩、大理岩和蛇纹岩。地球化学测试结果表明,榴辉岩原岩为大洋中脊玄武岩和洋岛拉斑玄武岩;蓝片岩有两种类型,第1种蓝片岩原岩为基性-中基性火山岩,第2种蓝片岩原岩主要形成环境为大洋岛弧和/或大陆岛弧的沉积岩;多硅白云母石英片岩的原岩主要形成于大陆边缘环境;变硅质岩的原岩为形成于远离大陆边缘的沉积环境中的热水成因硅质岩;大理岩原岩为灰岩。榴辉岩锆石SHRIMP定年结果显示其原岩年龄为500±4 Ma,第1种蓝片岩原岩年龄为529±5 Ma。锆石Lu-Hf同位素表明,榴辉岩原岩明显受到了古老地壳的影响,基性蓝片岩的原岩源区为亏损地幔,后期没有或者极微弱地受到地壳物质的影响。结合已有研究资料,认为北祁连高压/低温变质带中变质岩的原岩类型具有明显的多样性特征,且原岩时代具有多期性特征。上述研究结果表明,古祁连洋在早古生代向北俯冲过程中,携带了不同性质和时代的岩石进入俯冲带深部,形成高压/低温变质条件下的混杂带,代表了早古生代与洋壳俯冲有关的俯冲隧道。     

额济纳旗碧玉岭铜矿田成矿特征及找矿标志

碧玉岭铜矿区产出于塔里木-华北板块与哈萨克斯坦板块缝合带,其形成与中奥陶统幔源基性火山喷发活动间歇期海底热液喷流活动有关.容矿岩石为碧玉岩,属于含铁硅质岩类的典型喷流岩或热水沉积岩,是同生成矿阶段的主要产物.造山期矿质发生活化迁移,在断裂破碎带中再次富集成矿,因此矿体分布受喷流岩带与断裂破碎带双重控制.浸染状-块状硫化物矿化受碧玉岩层位与岩性控制,矿化体受断裂破碎带控制.结合成矿地质特征及矿物元素的组合异常特征,初步认为该区的找矿标志为:基性火山岩-碧玉岩-孔雀石、褐铁矿、石膏-Cu、Zn、Ba异常.     

云南建水官厅地区晚泥盆世法门期牙形石带的发现及五指山组的厘定意义

官厅地区以南红河北岸前人划分石炭系无古生物依据,对比为扬子地层区石炭系黄龙组.根据官厅地区石炭系泥晶灰岩中采获晚泥盆世法门期牙形石Palmatolepis rhomboids带,结合其夹基性火山岩及硅质岩、硅质条带灰岩等特征,将其厘定为泥盆系上统五指山组.Palmatolepis rhombids带在滇东南地区晚泥盆世...     

云南富宁里达锑矿地质及找矿前景

锑矿赋存于上寒武统博菜田组中段的硅质岩和硅化碳酸盐岩的层间破碎带中,矿化受区域上的北西向构造和地层所控制。深入研究,扩大资源和寻找新的资源基地。     

云南绿春洒马中泥盆世早期龙别组地层时代厘订

根据新发现的竹节石化石Nowakia maureri cf.latemaureri Alberti,确定龙别组时代为中泥盆世早期埃姆斯期.其硅质岩浊流沉积特征为海槽环境成生.     

Magma mixing in the acidic-basic complex of Ardnamurchan: Implications on the evolution of shallow magma chambers

The Ardnamurchan net-veined complex consists of three rock types: a porphyritic mafic rock, an aphyric intermediate rock and a silicic rock. Pillows of mafic and intermediate rock are included in the silicic rock and contain crenulated and some chilled margins. Liquid-liquid relationships are inferred for these three magmas. The trace element data, using ratio-ratio plots, are consistent with magma mixing being the dominant process and are inconsistent with any process that is dominated by crystal fractionation or melting. The major element data, using multiple linear regression techniques, are consistent with magma mixing of high-silica silicic magma and primitive mafic magma, along with about 35 percent crystal fractionation to form the intermediate rock type. All of the data taken together are consistent with a magma mixing model with some fractionation to produce the variation observed. The simplest model is that a fractionating basaltic magma comes into contact with a silicic magma and limited mixing produces the intermediate magma.This net-veined complex may be the only evidence available for interaction of mafic and silicic melts that occurred in the Ardnamurchan high-level magma chamber before the silicic magma was lost to eruptive and surface processes. In general the chemical and field relationships are consistent with Smith's model for the evolution of high-level, magma chambers.     

广西田林县高龙金矿成矿模式探讨

高龙金矿是滇黔桂金三角典型的微细浸染型金矿床之一,矿体产于中三叠统百逢组硅化砂泥岩中,顶板为中、上三叠统碎屑岩,底板为高龙隆起核部二叠系碳酸盐岩地层。高龙隆起和周缘的断裂系统是金矿产出和形成的关键控矿因素,硅化与金矿化关系十分密切。本文通过对高龙金矿矿床地质特征、元素地球化学、同位素地球化学、流体包裹体等方面的分析研究,认为高龙金矿具有热液石英脉活动强烈、流体形成温度高温可达330~400℃、Au,As,Hg,Sb等元素富集明显、隆起边缘环形断裂导矿明显等特点,初步认为金元素应源自围岩碎屑岩地层,但成矿热液活动则可能与岩浆热液活动有关,成矿流体运移的通道则为隆起边缘的张性断裂系统。最后在本次研究成果基础上,初步建立了高龙金矿成矿模式。     

内蒙古索伦山菱镁矿成矿地质条件与找矿潜力分析

产于内蒙古索伦山缝合带蛇绿岩中的菱镁矿,其深入研究对于菱镁矿的勘查、增加战略矿产资源以及国民经济的发展有重大意义。本文对内蒙古索伦山地区菱镁矿进行了系统的调查和研究,通过归纳索伦山地区菱镁矿矿床地质特征,探讨了索伦山地区菱镁矿矿床的成矿地质条件,在此基础上,分析和评价了索伦山地区菱镁矿的找矿潜力。索伦山地区菱镁矿产于索伦山蛇绿岩的地幔橄榄岩内,受岩体内部微小构造控制,矿体贫富受风化程度的制约,受超基性岩风化淋滤形成。菱镁矿与超基性岩硅质风化壳在成因上具有耦合关系,上部为风化淋滤残留物—超基性岩硅质风化壳,下部为风化淋滤的产物—菱镁矿。索伦山地区含菱镁矿的地幔橄榄岩岩体巨大,深部矿体众多,与国内西藏巴夏式菱镁矿在成矿条件和成矿模式方面相一致。所以,索伦山地区具有较大的菱镁矿找矿潜力。     

Mudstone lithogeochemistry and formation conditions of Vendian deposits in the Shkapovo-Shikhan Basin

Variation of geochemical modules and indices in mudstones from the Upper Vendian Kairovo and Shkapovo groups of the Shkapovo-Shikhan Basin provides the comprehensive information on changes in maturity of the fine aluminosiliciclastic material delivered in the basin, characterizes the redox environment in bottom water, and makes it possible to reconstruct the rock composition in provenance and its evolution through time. The generally moderate maturity of the fine terrigenous clastic material suggests that a nearly semiarid-semihumid climate dominated in paleodrainage area throughout the Late Vendian. It has been established that reducing environment did not exist in bottom water of the central Shkapovo-Shikhan Basin throughout the Late Vendian. Intermediate rocks prevailed in the paleodrainage area. More silicic rocks could occur only in the early Staropetrovo and late Salikhovo times. Data points of mudstones from the Kairovo and Shkapovo Groups plotted on the Cr-Ni, Co-V, Co/Hf-Ce/Cr, La-Th, and La/Sm-Sc/Th diagrams indicate that both Archean and more mature Paleoproterozoic crustal blocks existed in different proportions in the Late Vendian within source areas.     

甘肃北山地区晚震旦世山岳冰川沉积

甘肃西北和内蒙古西端的北山地区,发育有罗圈冰期和南沱冰期的古冰成岩沉积,在白湖-马鬃山一带构成长达数百公里的山岳冰川隆起带,并分隔了南北两个断陷沉积盆地。其南侧沉积盆地南缘的塔里木古陆当时并没有大陆冰川覆盖,而北侧盆地的北部与洋区相连。冰碛物皆来源于山岳冰川隆起带,常以冰筏形式携带到盆地远处坠落,构成环境多样的含冰碛岩的海相沉积组合。     

Rare-earth element geochemistry of Madras granulites

Archaean granulites from the type charnockite locality of Pallavaram, Madras City, Tamil Nadu, southern India consist of a bimodal suite of basic and silicic orthogneisses, associated with metasedimentary gneisses (khondalites). Charnockite is the dominant rock type. Basic granulites display a tholeiitic trend of strong iron enrichment accompanied by an increase in the concentration of the rare earth elements (REE), and the development of appreciable negative europium anomalies. These trends are considered to reflect low pressure fractional crystallisation of pyroxene-plagioclase assemblages under conditions of lowf _{O 2}. Ultramafic granulites may represent the cumulus material of such a process. The silicic granulites (charnockites) are generally K₂O rich and in marked contrast to the low K₂O (tonalitic) silicic gneisses which dominate most granulite facies terrains. Their REE abundances, however, embrace the complete range of patterns observed in both K-rich and K-poor Archaean gneisses. The presence of a large number of pre-granulite facies potassic pegmatites in the area suggests metasomatism of an originally less potassic suite of rocks. Trace element considerations lead to a model whereby metasomatism and partial fusion of silicic gneisses in the terrain preceded the granulite facies metamorphic event. This sequence of events is best related to fluctuations in the composition of metamorphic fluids in the lower crust.     

Regional soil-gas helium distribution of the Ely and Delta 1° × 2° quadrangles, Basin and Range Province

A reconnaissance soil-gas helium survey was made in the Ely, Nevada and Delta, Utah 1° × 2° quadrangles in the Basin and Range Province. Helium concentrations in 510 samples ranged from −147 to 441 ppb He with respect to ambient air. The median helium value for the study area was 36 ppb. Concentrations of more than 100 ppb He and less than −20 ppb He occur more commonly in the Ely quadrangle and are especially numerous in the western one-half of this quadrangle. Interpretation of the data reveals that the helium concentrations reflect the rock type, particularly the silicic volcanic occurrences, and the geological structure of the area created by crustal extension. The regional soil-gas helium distribution is important information to consider when interpreting anomalies from detailed surveys.     

塔里木盆地西南坳陷昆仑山前古近系卡拉塔尔组储层沉积特征及其预测评价

塔里木盆地西南缘沿西昆仑山前古近系卡拉塔尔组沉积巨厚的碳酸盐岩与碎屑岩混层,分布范围西至喀什、东至叶城县克里阳地区,有3次大规模的海侵海退,即3个沉积微旋回;沉积储层展布的划分以同由路克、和什拉甫为界,同由路克地区为海湾泻湖区,七美干至和什拉甫为台地至台地边缘的碳酸盐岩沉积区,和什拉甫至普司格为碳酸盐岩与碎屑岩混合沉积区;成岩环境有浅海海底成岩环境、潮坪成岩环境、大气淡水成岩环境和埋藏成岩环境;因成岩白云石化作用形成的细晶白云岩伴生的晶间孔隙与因混合白云石化作用形成的粉晶砂屑白云岩、泥晶粉晶腹足云灰岩被溶蚀产生的粒内孔隙和粒间孔隙皆为较好的储层类型;评价结果显示:喀什凹陷卡拉塔尔组碎屑岩储层大部分具有超低孔超低渗的特点,碳酸盐岩储层属于超低孔特低渗储层,叶城凹陷卡拉塔尔组为特低孔特低渗储层。