The evolution of settlement location and distribution in urban-rural integration

ＴＨＥＥＶＯＬＵＴＩＯＮＯＦＳＥＴＴＬＥＭＥＮＴＬＯＣＡＴＩＯＮＡＮＤＤＩＳＴＲＩＢＵＴＩＯＮＩＮＵＲＢＡＮＲＵＲＡＬＩＮＴＥＧＲＡＴＩＯＮＬｉａｏＲｏｎｇｈｕａ（廖荣华）ＣｈｅｎＸｉａｎｇｍａｎ（陈湘满）ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＧｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙ...     

借助GIS研究史前聚落遗址的空间分布特征

对史前聚落遗址的分布特征研究,有助于了解史前人类对环境的选择策略以及聚落系统的演变规律。利用地理信息系统空间分析方法,对河南省史前聚落遗址的分布特征进行研究,分析聚落选址与区域海拔高度、地形坡度、水系等地理环境之间的相互关系。研究结果表明：四个时期的史前聚落大部分分布在海拔50-400m、坡度小于3°、距离河流在3km以内的地带。     

Evolutionary model of free economic zones

Free economic zone (FEZ) has a long history and plays a more and more important role in the world economy. Most studies, however, focused on the theoretical analysis of benefit and cost as well as the economic role of FEZ in the less developed countries and little attention has been paid to the evolution of FEZ. This paper will improve the above-mentioned studies and put forward the structural and spatial evolutionary model of FEZ by analyzing the development of objectives, preferential policy, governance structure, industrial sectors and location of FEZs based on the international economic and political development. FEZs develop towards: 1) more comprehensive and macro objectives, 2) more industry-oriented and multi-preferential policies, 3) more cross-national and combination zones with administrative areas, 4) more technology-intensive and multi-industries, 5) more flexible location and larger spatial dimensions, 6) more rapid evolution and typologies, and 7) more economic integration to the host economy. Biography: MENG Guang-wen (1960–), male, a native of Tianjin of China, Ph.D., specialized in regional planning and policy, environmental planning, tourist planning and management. E-mail: gwmeng98@hotmail.com     

Spatiotemporal evolution and driving forces of changes in rural settlements in the poverty belt around Beijing and Tianjin: a case study of Zhangjiakou city,Hebei Province

The rural settlement is one of important aspects to understand regional human-environment relationships. Zhangjiakou city, located in the poverty belt around Beijing and Tianjin, was used as an example to analyze the evolution of rural settlements during 1985–2010 through the use of statistical and spatial analysis methods. The results demonstrate the following:(1) the area of rural settlements expanded from 665.76 to 928.14 km2 during 1985–2010. Rural settlements in prefecture city of Zhangjiakou were significantly agglomerated in terms of their spatial distribution, which presented an approximately normal distribution over the entire period. Rural settlements were usually distributed within regions where the terrain niche had an elevation of between 900 and 1500 m, and a slope from 5? to 20?;(2) there were significant regional differences in the density and size distribution of rural settlements in Zhangjiakou. The density of rural settlements in 2010 was higher than that in 1985, while there was a clustered distribution of rural settlements in 2010. There was a significant high value cluster in the size distribution, and a local negative correlation between the size and density distribution of rural settlements in Zhangjiakou;(3) rural economic development, investment in agricultural technology, and infrastructure improvement played important roles in the evolution of rural settlements. There were spatial differences in the relationship between the distribution of rural settlements and socio-economic factors in Zhangjiakou. This study provides practical guidance for the achievement of urban and rural integration development and the promotion of a new form of countryside construction.     

长江经济带城乡一体化对能源效率的空间效应分析

城乡一体化作为新的经济增长动能,是建设高效的能源经济体系、平衡经济社会发展与生态环境保护的关键性途径。因此城乡一体化对能源效率的效应分析成为促进经济社会可持续发展的重要课题。本文以长江经济带各省市为研究对象,采用DEA测度了考虑非期望产出的能源效率值,并分析其时空上的分异特征,通过构建经济、社会和基础设施3个维度的综合指标体系评价城乡一体化水平,以此为基础运用Moran's I指数确定了能源效率、城乡一体化水平及其他影响因素的空间相关性,最后运用混合地理加权回归估计城乡一体化及3个控制变量的回归参数值并作空间效应分析。得出结论:① 从空间相关性分析来看,长江经济带的城乡一体化发展水平对能源效率具有正向作用,同时经济发展水平和产业结构也对能源效率有正向影响,而技术进步则在一定条件下与能源效率呈负相关关系;② 从回归系数的估计值来看,城乡一体化对能源效率的影响程度要小于技术进步和产业结构,而经济发展水平对能源效率的影响程度最小;③ 城乡一体化水平对能源效率的正向影响程度随着能源效率的上升呈现出先上升后下降的趋势,并且其影响在空间分布上自东向西呈现出递增的特征;④ 长江经济带的能源效率呈现显著的空间相关性和空间异质性。基于此,对长江经济带推进城乡一体化进程中的能源效率提升具有重要意义。     

禹城市农村居民点空间分布模式和景观格局

以禹城市农村居民点为研究对象,基于禹城市2000和2017年遥感影像解译数据,综合运用GIS、景观生态学及统计学理论与方法,分析了2000年与2017年禹城市乡村聚落的景观格局指数和空间演变特征。结果表明:禹城市两个时期农村居民点在空间分布特征上存在显著差异,与2000年相比,2017年禹城市农村居民点分布更加聚集;从聚集程度来看,禹城市农村居民点聚集的态势不够显著,这与禹城市当地的自然环境有密切的关系;禹城市农村居民点总体用地规模和数量虽然在减少,但部分居民点用地规模增加明显,居民点有集聚发展的态势,同时禹城市农村居民点斑块形态由复杂化向规则化转变。     

网络大数据下的中国现代食甜习惯空间分布特征及其影响因素研究

饮食地理文化作为地域文化中最具地方特色的重要元素,在现代人口大规模流动背景下呈现出全新的多样化局面,而基于传统认知的“南甜北咸”的地域分异已然不能代表中国现代食甜分布的空间特征。因此,本文采用网络爬虫技术,获取我国大陆31个省会城市共计约2000万条美食消费数据,从传统类菜品、主食类菜品、饮料类和甜品类菜品4个方面计算城市食甜度,在ArcGIS、MySQL软件支持下,借助GIS空间分析和数理统计方法探究我国现代食甜习惯的空间分布特征,分析影响食甜分布的因素。研究发现：① 中国食甜在空间分布上存在显著的地域分异特征,聚类分析评价参数R ²高达0.88,现代食甜习惯总体呈现“东高北中,西微内低”的包围式格局;② 从整体抑或局部角度,在1%显著性水平上莫兰指数均为正,中国食甜分布呈现显著的空间正相关关系,形成特色鲜明的3个地理集聚区,即以苏浙沪闽为主的东南沿海高甜集聚区,以渝黔川为主的西南内陆低甜集聚区和以陕宁为主的西北内陆低甜集聚区;③ 构建了中国现代食甜习惯分布影响因素模型,其拟合精度为0.82,分析结果显示降水、湿度、气温等气象要素及地理位置是影响现代我国食甜空间分布的重要因素。     

EVOLUTIONARY MODEL OF FREE ECONOMIC ZONES——Different Generations and Structural Features

1IN T R O D U C T IO N Many kindsofareaswith specialeconomic privilege—s liketherighttoraiselower taxes—have been established sincethe16th century. Sincethe1960s,a varietyofnew models have developed, and theirimportancehas risen on a globalscale. The wo…     

Changing Concepts of City and Urban Planning Practices in Guangzhou （1949-2010）： An Approach to Sustainable Urban Development

By focusing on Guangzhou, this paper examines how different concepts of city in terms of urban-rural relationships are shaped in transforming China since 1949, and explores how they influence the way in which urban planning are practiced. In the pre-reform era, the city was defined as a productive space under the system of urban-rural segregation established for securing rapid industrialization. Urban planning was thus only concerned with the development of urban areas. In the 1980s and 1990s after the reform, institutional change and economic transformation mobilized the urban-rural linkages. The development of suburban areas was then con- sidered by urban planning, but this consideration was a passive response to urban problems such as population explosion and water re- sources protection. Since the new millennium, the agenda for sustainable development and problems of uneven urban-rural development have called for the development of urban-rural integration. In this context, the city is conceptualized as a complex of mountain, city, river, farmland and sea, reconstructing the ideology of urban-rural division in defining urban development. Urban planning has therefore sought in an active way to develop a sustainable city embracing rural and natural elements, and to balance economic growth and envi- ronmental protection. It is argued that developing the concept of city as a complex of urban and rural elements contributes to the urban planning for sustainable urban development, while this conceptualization relies on the recognition of the integrated urban-rural relationship.     

PROGRESS OF CHINESE REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY STUDIES IN RECENT TWENTY YEARS

ｅｇｉｏｎａｌｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙｅｍｂｏｄｉｅｓｔｈｅｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｒｅｇｉｏｎａｌｉｔｙａｎｄｉｎｔｅｇｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙ .Ｓｉｎｃｅｔｈｅ1980ｓｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｍａｎｉｆｏｌｄｒｅｇｉｏｎａｌｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｉｎＣｈｉｎａ ,ｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙｈａｓｂｅｅｎｆｕｒｔｈｅｒｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｏｒｉｅｓａｎｄｐｒａｃｔｉｃｅｓ.Ａｔｔｈｅｓａｍｅｔｉｍｅ ,ｔｈｅｉｍｐｏｒ ｔａｎｃｅｏｆｒｅｇｉｏｎａｌｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｗａ…     

MAJOR PROBLEMS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ALONG THE BANK AREA OF THE CHANGJIANG RIVER

TheChangiiangRiverisrichinfreshwaterandwaterpowerresources,themeanrunoffandwaterpoweroftheriverareabout37%and52%respectivelyoftotalonesofChina.Inaddition,theChanaiiangRiverhastheimmensenavigationpotentialandvaluableshorelineresources,thenavigablelengthreaches364okmandtheallshorelinelengthisabout6OOokmfromYihinCitytotheestuary.Moreover,theChangiiangRiver,withtheadvantagesofsuitablelocationandbroadhinterland,crossesEast,MiddleandWestEco-nomicZonewithdifferenteconomiclevelsofChina,soitsuniq…     

Three Types of Spatial Function Zoning in Key Ecological Function Areas Based on Ecological and Economic Coordinated Development: A Case Study of Tacheng Basin,China

Three types of spatial function zoning is an effective measure for regional environmental protection and orderly development.For ecological and economic coordinated development, spatial function zones should be divided scientifically to clear its direction of development and protection. Therefore, based on ecological constraints, a beneficial discussion would be about the key ecological function areas adopting the concept of ecological protection restriction and supporting socioeconomic development for spatial function zoning. In this paper, the researchers, taking Tacheng Basin, Xinjiang of China as an example, choose township as basic research unit and set up an evaluation index system from three aspects, namely, ecological protection suitability, agricultural production suitability, and urban development suitability, which are analyzed by using spatial analysis functions and exclusive matrix method. The results showed that: 1) This paper formed a set of multilevel evaluation index systems for three types of spatial function zoning of the key ecological function areas based on a novel perspective by scientifically dividing Tacheng Basin into ecological space, agricultural space, and urban space,which realized the integration and scientific orientation for spatial function at the township scale. 2) Under the guidance of three types of spatial pattern, the functional orientation and suggestions of development and protection was clearly defined for ecological protection zones,ecological economic zones, agricultural production zones, and urban development zones. 3) A new idea of space governance is provided to promote the coordinated and sustainable development between ecology and economy, which can break the traditional mode of thinking about regional economic development, and offers a scientific basis and reference for macro decision-making.     

Cultural Landscape Evolution of Traditional Agricultural Villages in North China —— Case of Qianzhai Village in Shandong Province

Agricultural village is an important rural type in China. The evolution process and mechanism of its cultural landscape are different from those of the industrialized village. The paper focuses this theme by a case study of Qianzhai Village of Qufu City, Shangdong Province. In the case of Qianzhai Village, the evolution of its settlement has experienced three stages： mechanical expansion, sprawling expansion and hollowing, and recentralization. The land- scape evolution of residents＇ houses has undergone three phases： traditional quadrangle house, one-storied house and multistoried house. The evolution of its land use has experienced three stages： circled stratification, fragment and intensive use, and concentration and extensive use. We can see that the main driving factors of cultural landscape evolution of agricultural village are the changes of rural population, society, economy and culture, which are influenced by the change of urban-rural relation, the national modernization process and economic development, the reform of family planning and land system, and the changes in governmental policies. In the future, the modernization, ecological trend, and individualization for residents＇ houses of agricultural villages in China will develop step by step. The recentralization of settlement and the scaled, sustainable, intensive land use are likely to be the trends of agricultural villages in China.     

基于GIS的区域经济空间差异分析系统

区域经济差异是区域发展中的必然现象,也是现今区域经济领域中的热点问题。针对传统区域经济差异的研究方法中忽略空间因素影响和可视化不理想的问题,本文将GIS技术引入到区域经济的研究中,以区域经济统计数据为基础,采用VB+AE集成开发技术设计出以空间查询、区域经济差异分析、回归分析和预测分析等为核心功能的区域经济分析系统。结果表明,本文所构建的系统能揭示出区域经济空间差异的变化,并将结果可视化表达。     

基于栅格的安徽省人居环境人文适宜性评价

新时期新型城镇化建设对适宜的人居人文环境提出了切实要求。运用GIS技术,基于夜间灯光遥感影像、交通矢量、兴趣点（POI）、统计年鉴等多源数据,以500 m×500 m栅格为基础单元,选取经济水平、交通通达、历史文化、公共服务等因子（权重分别为0.36、0.27、0.17、0.20）,采用综合指数法构建人居环境人文适宜性评价模型,定量评价2017年安徽省人居环境人文适宜性。结果表明：① 安徽省人居环境人文适宜性指数介于0.83~87.10之间,划分为高度适宜区、较高适宜区、中度适宜区、一般适宜区及临界适宜区5种类型区,以中度适宜区面积最大,占全省总面积68.72%,高度适宜区面积最小,仅占总面积的1.24%,整体呈现“多核心”、“条带式”空间分异格局;② 交通通达和公共服务是造成全省人居环境人文适宜性分异的主要因子,其指数均值在中度适宜区皆达到了94.18,且贡献率均值在各类型区均在34.00%以上;历史文化对较高及临界适宜区影响明显,贡献率均值分别为10.51%和11.93%;经济水平对高度适宜区的作用最显著,其贡献率均值高达22.02%;③ 全省近90.86%的人口集中分布在人居环境人文适宜性指数43.00~66.00之间,属于中度至较高适宜区的范围,人居环境人文质量与人口分布较为匹配。测评结果较为客观地反映了安徽省人居环境的人文本底。     

Analyzing land use characteristics of rural settlements on the urban fringe of Liangjiang New Area,Chongqing, China

The objective of this paper is to analyze land use characteristics of rural settlements in urban fringe so as to provide references for optimizing the regional distribution of rural settlements, consolidating rural settlements, and coordinating urban-rural integrated development. The methods of spatial statistical analysis, buffer analysis, Ripley’s K function, kernel density analysis based on GIS (Geographic Information System) were used to analyze the characteristics of scale, spatial differentiation and spatial patterns of the rural settlements in Liangjiang New Area in Chongqing Municipality of China. The fractal dimension formula was also developed to reflect fractal feature of the rural settlements. The results show that, the scale of rural settlements in Liangjang New Area takes on distinct characteristics of spatial differentiation along with changes in elevation, gradient, location, geo-hazards distribution, and the like. The fractal characteristic of rural settlements has obvious regional variations subject to the 6 factors of location in the Liangjiang New Area. Overall, the worse the terrain conditions are, the larger the fractal dimension values become. The better the location conditions, the larger the fractal dimension values are. The spatial pattern in the township scale presents three kinds of distribution as being aggregated, uniform and random. In contract, the spatial pattern in the plaque scale displays a banding distribution from a general view with several aggregation zones centering on each town center. From the results, we can see that the characteristics of rural settlements in urban fringe are more complicated. For such kind of rural settlements in special regions, in the rural land consolidation more attention should be paid to improve the rural living environments and public services, as well as to promote the harmonious relationship between the urban and rural areas.     

甘肃省县域经济差异时空分异及影响因子研究

不同因子对区域经济差异的影响一直是国内外学者关注的重点及热点问题,探究县域经济时间过程演变和空间格局分异的主导影响因子,科学揭示各因子的作用机制,将为区域经济发展战略的制定提供重要指导依据。本文以甘肃省县域为研究单元,利用空间化表达、标准差椭圆分析县域经济空间分异现象,借助多元线性逐步回归和地理探测器对县域经济时空分异影响因素进行探讨。研究结果表明：① 甘肃省县域经济之间的总体差异明显,随时间波动较大;② 县域经济空间分布重心不稳定,变动较大;③ 财政收入、城镇化率和工业产业比重是主导的时间影响因子;④ 铁路密度、公路密度、河流密度是甘肃省县域经济空间分异的主要地理因子,且因子之间的交互作用强于单因子对经济空间分异的作用。在协调县域经济发展过程中,应根据主要影响因素精准实施发展策略,合理利用因子之间的交互作用,加快经济协调发展。     

采用时序InSAR技术监测北京地铁网络沿线地面沉降

随着北京轨道交通的日益完善,地铁成为人们日常出行的重要交通工具,监测和治理地铁工程沿线地面沉降成为保障线性工程正常运营的一项重要基础性工作。本文基于55景覆盖北京地区的3 m高分辨率TerraSAR-X数据,采用时序InSAR分析技术获取2010年4月至2016年12月地铁网络沿线的地面沉降形变信息,系统分析了北京地铁网络沿线地面沉降时空演变规律。同时,结合Peck公式将InSAR监测结果进行建模,以7号线磁器口-广渠门内站区段为例,估算地面沉降槽的空间发展特征。研究发现：北京市地铁线路沿线表现出不同程度的形变,形变严重的路段主要集中在东部及东北部区域,最大沉降速率超过了100 mm/a;相对于其他线路,4号、10线整体情况比较稳定,14号、亦庄线次之,6号、7号线不均匀沉降最为严重;此外,地铁在不同建设时期路段表现出不同的形变特征,施工期路段较运营期沉降严重;7号线磁器口与广渠门内站间沉降槽的宽度和最大值沉降值在2010-2016年呈现增加趋势,沉降槽最大宽度约达180 m。     

Spatial and Temporal Pattern of Urban Smart Development in China and Its Driving Mechanism

Smart urban development is an inevitable choice, and is essential to overall strength improvement. It is important to explore an urban smart development path which unites smart growth with driving shrinkage perfectly in forming scientific and sustainable development concept and responding to new normal strategic opportunities. Based on statistic data of 294 prefecture-level cities and above in China from 2000 to 2015, we analyzed spatial and temporal evolution of urban smart development in China by constructing a dynamic fitting model of urban land expansion, population growth, and economic development as well as the coefficient of variation of urban smart development(CVSD). Further efforts were then made to consider differential distribution regularity of urban smart development so as to understand the driving mechanisms of heterogeneous classification of urban smart development in China from different scales and scale variation. Our results indicate that: 1) the disordered growth tendency of urban cities in China is overall well controlled in the middle, and late research and it mainly presented a doublet coexistence of shrinkage disordered cities and smart developing cities. It is particularly obvious that Northeast China and East China have regarded shrinkage disordered cities and smart developing cities as main development tendency separately. 2) Areas with basic stability and relative variation were relatively dispersed across the time period, but the proportion was far beyond areas with significant variation. It demonstrates a relative equilibrium spatial and temporal differential evolution pattern of prefecture-level cities and above in China, except for Tongling, Lanzhou and Chaoyang. 3) prefecture-level cities and above in China are mostly characterized by shrinkage disordered and smart development classification under the background of different scale and scale variation from 2000–2015; however, the spatial resonance relation is not obvious. 4) There are many interaction factors forming an important driving mechanism in developing the spatial and temporal pattern of urban smart development in China, including natural geographical factors, industrial structure adjustment, human capital radiation, regional traffic accessibility, and government decision-making intervention.     

江西省典型县域经济差异影响因子地理探测研究

地理环境因子对区域经济差异的影响一直是国内外学者关注的重点及热点问题,探究各因子对区域经济差异的影响力,科学揭示各因子的作用机制,将为区域经济发展战略的制定提供重要指导依据。本文利用多元回归和地理探测器等方法,综合探测了地形、地貌、土地利用、交通区位等因子对江西典型贫困县及富裕县县域经济差异的影响,深入对比分析了各因子的影响力、交互作用及指示作用,总结主导影响因子及其在2类县域的演变趋势,提出分类精准施策的建议,进一步深化了对该问题的研究。结果表明：① 所选的9个地理环境因子均对贫困县及富裕县县域经济产生影响,不同类型县域的主导影响因子及不同因子对同一类型县域的影响力均存在差异;② 从主导影响因子来看,贫困县主要受自然条件、地理区位的影响,而富裕县主要受资源丰度、交通区位的影响;③ 对比2种县域经济差异的显著影响因子,发现由贫困地区到富裕地区主导影响因素逐步由自然禀赋等不可控因素向交通、技术等可控因素变化;④ 经济发展过程中,应根据区域经济主导影响因子因地制宜,分类精准施策。同时,利用影响因子的强交互作用性,注重对该类因子的改善,对促进经济发展可起到事半功倍的效果。