国内外城市环境地质工作进展

城市化是世界各国发展的共同趋势，是人类文明和进步的标志。论文简述了国内外城市环境地质工作的历史发展，着重论述了城市地质工作的内容，指出我国城市环境地质中存在的问题。如地面沉降、地裂缝、岩溶塌陷等地质灾害及水资源短缺、城市废弃物处置以及特殊岩土环境问题。为了提高城市规划和确保城市可持续发展，仅从以下5个方面提出了我国城市地质工作的方向：(1)城市地质环境条件、地质资源综合调查评价；(2)城市主要环境地质问题调查；(3)城市群、城市密集区环境地质适宜性综合评价；(4)城市环境地质综合研究；(5)城市环境地质信息系统建设。     

城市地质工作的需求与目标

根据与政府部门大量接触和沟通的亲身体验，在分析市场需求的基础上，提出将城市地质的工作目标作远、近之分，城市地质工作首先要满足近期目标。提出城市地质调查体现了地矿与土地的结合，是地矿行政部门溶入国土资源管理的有效途径的观点。还进一步从基础地质调查、专项或重点调查、城市地质环境监测3方面分析了开展城市地质工作的最有利时机。最后就当前城市地质工作的战略部署提出3点建议。     

城市地质工作的初步探讨

回顾了国内外城市地质工作的发展历程，阐述了中国城市经济区地质工作的总体思路和内容。由于中国城市的规模、性质、资源承载力、地质环境特征不同，城市地质调查、评价的对象、内容也有所差异。城市地质工作具有学科的综合性、地域的独特性、工作的持久性、方法的多样性等一系列特点。城市地质工作拟在基础地质调查、主题填图、综合评价研究3个层面上展开。城市地质调查评价涵盖资源开发利用、环境安全、灾害评估和信息集成四大主题。     

城市地质——国家地质工作的新领域

城市地质是近年来引起广泛关注的地质工作的一个新领域。本文对国外城市地质工作的发展过程、发展特点、发展技术(方法)以及美国、加拿大、英国、德国等国家的城市地质工作现状进行了综述，为中国城市地质工作提供参考资料。     

北京城市地质工作进展与思考

本文分析了北京城市地质工作主要进展,提出了当前城市地质工作中存在的主要问题,思考了未来北京城市地质工作发展方向。提出:北京建设世界城市对地质工作提出了更高的战略需求,需要充分借鉴纽约、伦敦和东京等特大城市地质工作经验,启动城市地质工作立法,强化城市地质工作服务经济社会发展的先行性作用;实施首都建设地质响应计划,统筹部署地质工作;加快首都地区地质资源环境承载能力监测预警平台建设步伐,有效解决与城市发展和城市居民生活密切相关的重大地质问题。     

总述上海地质矿产工作史

上海是一个开展地质工作较早的城市，１９世纪５０年代上海最早把西方近代地质学科引入中国，是中国近代地质学的发端地。上海地区系统的地质工作是解放以后进行的，为上海的城市建设和工农业生产开展了大量的矿产资源调查，水文地质，工程地质，环境地质，区域地质和地震地质工作。     

城市地质工作与城市发展关系研究

城市地质工作作为基础性、先行性工作,贯穿于城市建设发展的全过程。城市建设发展分为选址布局、规划建设、运行完善和转型升级四个阶段,对应于城市建设发展不同阶段的地质工作,可划分为区域地质资源环境调查、城市地质资源环境调查评价、城市地质资源环境监测预警,城市地质环境功能恢复等。本文重点讨论了城市不同发展阶段对地质工作的需求,提出了城市地质工作在城市不同建设发展阶段的工作目标、任务及相关要求。     

城市地质学理论创新与北京城市地质工作实践发展

城市地质工作,已成为未来地质工作的重要方面。然而,近年来城市地质问题越来越多。亟需城市地质学理论创新。本文创新了城市地质学理论,提出城市地质工作理念发展之路,谋划了未来10～15年北京城市地质工作,探讨了非正常情况下城市地质安全危机管理战略。北京城市地质工作应努力实现从问题推动型向理念发展型转变,在调查型地质工作基础上广泛开展监测型和信息服务型地质工作。重点做好正常型城市地质工作,严防非正常型城市地质安全危机事件发生。进一步提升战略资源和地质环境承载能力,为北京城市可持续发展提供地质保障。     

重庆市城市地质工作思路探讨

本文通过分析城市地质工作的现状,结合重庆山地城市独有的特征,提出了现有城市地质工作存在的主要问题,并结合城市发展需求,从景观资源、地质资源及地质环境安全保障等方面出发,明确城市地质工作的四大服务对象分别为城市规划建设、防灾减灾、生态环境保护和智慧城市建设,并提出了九大工作方向,创新了城市地质服务模式,可提升城市地质工作的支撑服务能力。     

未来五年我国城市地质工作战略思考

城市地质工作是未来地质工作的重要发展方向,已成为城市规划建设和经济社会发展的重要基础支撑。近10年来,城市地质学理论创新取得明显进展:创新了城市地质工作发展理念,创立了浅层地温能地质学理论体系,构建了城市地质调查和区域工程地质勘查评价体系;城市地质工作得到长足发展:找准了影响城市发展的重大地质问题,完成了一系列城市建设地质条件适宜性评价和重要战略资源勘查评价工作,开展了地质资源环境承载能力监测预警平台建设。"十三五"时期,面对新形势、新要求,我国城市地质工作必须贯彻落实五大发展理念,实施"两快、三高"战略,支撑城市建设和经济社会协调发展。     

上海城市地质工作的市场开拓与营销战略

城市化进程的加速为城市地质工作的发展带来新的机遇。密切结合社会需求,积极开拓城市地质的工作领域,注重营销战略的制定,才能使城市地质工作更好地为城市规划、城市建设、城市管理服务。     

九十年代城市建设中的工程地质问题

作者概述了城市发展中面临的主要工程地质问题,指出了城市工程地质工作的8个重点,并分别加以论述,最后就如何将城市地质工作与城市发展紧密结合提出了建议。     

城市地理信息系统应用

针对近年来国内外城市地理信息系统的应用成果,从城市规划、城市环境、城市灾害、城市土地利用等方面加以总结。同时提出,当前一个国家和地区城市化的发展规划决策中必须应用地理信息系统,作为一项系统工程,只有结合城市遥感、多元信息复合等相关学科,才能发挥其优势,为政论及有关部门决策提供有力的依据。     

复合土拱新技术及其在城市地下工程中的应用

城市地下空间的开发正起到愈来愈重要的作用,并逐渐形成了一种空间、地面和地下三维一体化的城市新型建筑体系。在这种体系中,地下和地面建筑之间的地基处理是一个十分棘手的问题。结合工程实例,介绍一种复合土拱新技术能够有效地处理这类问题,该技术在今后城建领域中有一定推广价值。     

Preparation and application of engineering and environmental geological maps in The Netherlands

The Netherlands has no nation-wide mapping programme for either engineering geology or environmental geology, but on request the Geological Survey of The Netherlands, together with other geoscientific institutes, prepares: (1) detailed (1:5,000) engineering geological maps of urban areas, specifically meant for urban planning and management as well as for feasibility studies for civil engineering works; and (2) small-scale (1:250,000 to 1:50,000) thematic environmental geological maps, meant for regional landuse planning. The preparation and application of these maps is discussed, and some examples are given.     

强夯置换法在合肥市樊洼路采石坑杂填土地基处理上的应用

强夯法多年来广泛应用在建筑、水利、交通、港口等多种工程地基加固上,本文介绍了强夯置换法在城市道路深厚杂填土及淤泥质土地基加固上的应用,内容包括试验、施工、检测.采用强夯置换法取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益,目前正是中国城市建设的大发展时期,可供同类工程参考.     

Engineering geology and historical sites in Slovakia

The engineering geological investigation related to restoration works carried out in order to preserve ancient monuments and their functional incorporation into presentday urban planning became an important part of the engineering geological program in Slovakia sponsored by the state authorities. The realization of this program yielded valuable information on the geological causes of failures on buildings under various natural conditions in the central European moderate humid zone; moreover, valuable experience with methods of engineering geological investigation was gained.     

Review: Impact of underground structures on the flow of urban groundwater

Property economics favours the vertical development of cities but flow of groundwater can be affected by the use of underground space in them. This review article presents the state of the art regarding the impact of disturbances caused by underground structures (tunnels, basements of buildings, deep foundations, etc.) on the groundwater flow in urban aquifers. The structures built in the underground levels of urban areas are presented and organised in terms of their impact on flow: obstacle to the flow or disturbance of the groundwater budget of the flow system. These two types of disturbance are described in relation to the structure area and the urban area. The work reviewed shows, on one hand, the individual impacts of different urban underground structures, and on the other, their cumulative impacts on flow, using real case studies. Lastly, the works are placed in perspective regarding the integration of underground structures with the aim of operational management of an urban aquifer. The literature presents deterministic numerical modelling as a tool capable of contributing to this aim, in that it helps to quantify the effect of an underground infrastructure project on groundwater flow, which is crucial for decision-making processes. It can also be an operational decision-aid tool for choosing construction techniques or for formulating strategies to manage the water resource.     

Urban stormwater pollutants: Sources and loadings

Urban stormwater pollution is produced by many sourcesL wet and dry deposition import pollutants in the liquid, solid, and gaseous phases. The materials are primarily derived from emissions from industrial sources and from heat and power generating plants. Urban catchment-borne pollutants are generated by vehicular traffic, construction and wrecking works, corrosion of surfaces, animal wastes, and trash of any kind. There are some losses in the pollutant balance from infiltration, wind erosion, degassing, and street cleaning. Some pollutants are permanently stored in the urban catchment. Temporary stored materials are found to be attached to catchment surfaces, accumulated in gully pots, and are pipe deposited. The bulk of pollutants is flushed from the urban catchment in stormwater runoff and contribute to the overall pollution of the receiving water bodies.     

A baseline survey of the distribution and origin of platinum group elements in contemporary fluvial sediments of the Kentish Stour,England

The extensive anthropogenic use of the platinum group elements (PGE: Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir and Pt) is the main factor responsible for the widespread dispersion of these elements throughout the environment. Significant quantities of the PGE enter fluvial systems via road runoff, storm drains and wastewater and sewage treatment systems, and may accumulate in fluvial sediments by physical and chemical processes. A baseline survey of contemporary fluvial sediments in the Kentish Stour river, east Kent, England, has been undertaken to document the sources and distribution of anthropogenic PGE in an attempt to constrain some of the physical and chemical parameters that may influence the distribution of these elements. The geology of the catchment of the Kentish Stour is dominated by carbonate and silicate sedimentary rocks, and the river passes through urban and rural land and receives inputs of waste from sewage works. Nine sedimentary rocks, 4 motorway-runoff sediments and 22 river sediments were analysed for PGE by NiS fire assay preconcentration and ICP–MS. The highest element abundances occur in the motorway-runoff sediments (maximum total PGE content of 55 ng/g), whilst the lowest values were recorded in the sedimentary rocks, where some samples contain PGE at concentrations below the limit of detection. The total PGE content of the river sediments ranged from 0.4 to 10.8 ng/g. The distribution and variation in concentrations and ratios of the PGE in the contemporary fluvial sediments of the Kentish Stour correspond strongly with land-use changes (urban versus rural) and with points of discharge from sewage works. The absence of a pure catalytic converter signature in the river sediments, however, indicates that source signatures may be mixed in sewage works or that PGE may chemically fractionate in the fluvial environment.