POS辅助车载组合全景影像路面角点特征匹配算法

推荐了一种车载组合全景相机影像路面角点特征的匹配方法。路面到摄站的距离近,基高比大,是良好的区域网平差模型连接点,但是路面纹理匮乏,影像中存在移动物体和较为严重的尺度变化和仿射变形,难以匹配到正确的同名点。本文利用路面在一定范围内可近似为水平面的特点,根据相机与路面的距离确定近似路面,将影像路面角点投影到重叠影像,将同名点定位在一个小的矩形范围内;通过POS数据确定角点对应同名核线,矩形区域内距离核线最近的角点即为同名像点。本文匹配方法可获得一定数量的正确匹配同名点,显著降低了误匹配,内点率高,可以进一步精确估计像对间的基础矩阵,为其他地物的匹配提供了约束。     

车载纵向摄影影像的核线影像生成与同名点匹配

根据车载纵向摄影影像核线排列的特点，利用相对定向确定立体像对的核线几何关系生成核线影像，并进行同名点匹配，取得了很好的效果。     

结合同名点及核线约束的近景影像直线匹配

针对影像间尺度变化、直线提取断裂、直线邻域纹理断裂引起的近景影像直线匹配难题,该文提出一种结合同名点及核线约束的近景影像直线匹配算法。该算法在已有同名点和直线提取结果的基础上,首先确定目标直线两侧离目标直线距离最近的同名点,利用其在右影像上对应的同名点连线得到的虚拟直线为基准构建矩形候选区;其次,分别计算左、右影像上同名点连线得到的虚拟直线与待匹配直线的夹角,根据两角度差值进一步对候选直线进行筛选;然后,利用核线约束计算目标直线和候选直线的重叠部分,并以此为中心构建直线支撑域,统一两支撑域窗口尺寸,根据窗口灰度相关确定同名直线;最后,采用距离约束对匹配结果进行检核完成直线匹配。选取具有不同几何变换的三组近景影像进行直线匹配实验,结果表明该文方法能获得可靠的直线匹配结果。     

多重约束条件下的影像直线匹配算法研究

针对直线匹配中“一配多”“多配多”难点问题,文章提出多重约束条件下的影像直线匹配算法.该方法利用直线邻域范围内的同名点计算每一个待匹配直线的单应性矩阵,然后利用单应矩阵将目标影像上待匹配直线映射到搜索影像,根据距离约束确定候选直线,依据直线段倾角相似度等约束再在候选直线中进一步确定可能的同名直线;并利用核线约束条件和灰度相似性约束确定最终的同名直线.最后分别采用无人机影像和UCX数字航空影像进行实验,验证了本文方法的有效性.     

结合离散化描述与同名点约束的线特征匹配

由于受到多重因素的影响,影像中提取的线特征经常出现断裂、变形、遮挡等问题。为克服上述问题对线特征匹配的影响,本文提出一种结合离散化描述与同名点约束的航空影像线特征匹配算法。算法首先利用单应性约束结合核线约束精简候选线特征数量;然后采用“以点代线”的方式,通过统计线上同名点的分布情况确定线特征初匹配结果;最后根据线特征与其邻域内同名点间的距离关系对匹配结果进行核验,以保证匹配的可靠性。选取AMC580相机系统所获得的航空影像进行线特征匹配试验,结果表明,本文算法匹配正确率高,匹配速度相对较快,并可实现曲线匹配及断裂线特征的多对多匹配。与已有匹配算法进行比较,本文算法在影像间存在有尺度、亮度、旋转变换等复杂条件下的匹配正确率均高于90%,具有较好的匹配稳定性。     

采用双线性插值算法重采样生成核线影像

核线是摄影测量的一个基本概念,在立体像对上,同名像点一定位于同名核线上,而且同名核线对上的像点是一一对应的,因而如果能在立体像对上确定同名核线,那么就可以根据同名核线的性质,将二维的影像匹配转变为一维匹配,大大的提高了计算效率和可靠性,这里从共线方程推导核线影像的生成公式,并简单分析了三种常用的重采样算法,最终采用双线性插值算法生成核线影像。     

三角网约束的立体影像密集匹配方法

文中总结了基于三角网约束的立体影像密集匹配方法。本次实验采用核线影像,首先在核线影像上使用SIFT算子匹配出一部分可靠的种子点,然后用这些种子点构建Delaunay三角网。该网络能够将所加密的点的位置范围作为一个约束,根据左右影像上同名三角网的位置、左影像上某一三角形重心位置、该三角形在右影像上的对应的三角形的重新坐标,以及左侧重心在右侧像方影像的核线,在核线约束与灰度相似性约束的两层限制下,完成点-点的匹配工作。本文采用Matlab程序实现对待匹配三角形重心的加密,运用核线约束方法,将点匹配的搜索区域由二维降到一维,不但能缩小搜索范围,提高工作效率,而且很大程度上降低了错误发生的概率,既能使得算法的运算速度得以提升,又能使其匹配精度得到较大的改善。     

一种基于嫦娥一号CCD影像的影像匹配方法

月球测绘是完成月球探测任务的基础保障。这里提出了一种适合于CE-1获取的CCD影像的多尺度约束自动匹配方法。首先利用SURF算子提取影像上特征点;然后进行基于准核线和最小欧式距离约束的影像匹配;最后采用随机采样算法对误匹配点进行剔除而得到同名点信息。实验结果表明,该匹配方法提取的同名点有利于CE-1月球影像DEM的生成。     

POS辅助航带间航摄影像的自动转点

提出一种利用POS提供的影像定向参数辅助区域航空摄影测量中航带间影像自动转点方法。首先,对航带内影像采用金字塔影像匹配策略寻求同名像点,以获得航向间影像连接点的精确像片坐标;然后利用POS提供的影像定向参数预测航带间的影像连接点。再通过对相邻航线间待匹配窗口影像的几何变形改正,在由POS数据辅助建立的核线几何条件约束下,直接在原始影像上找寻同名像点;最后经最小二乘匹配使影像匹配结果达到子像素级精度。试验表明,将POS数据引入航带间的影像自动转点中,不但可以简化影像匹配过程、提高自动化水平,而且较常规影像匹配方法可以提高航带间自动转点的成功率34.0%,并节省76.7%的CPU耗时。     

面向立面大角度影像拼接的稳健匹配方法

建立了一种面向大角度立面影像拼接的可靠匹配方法.该方法首先以SIFT特征向量双向最邻近距离比(BNNDR)作为匹配测度条件得到初匹配,考虑到大角度影像特点,分别应用核线约束和视差梯度约束条件,精化得到可靠的同名特征点,最后通过多次单应性确定立面待拼接区域的同名特征点,匹配结果和拼接效果表明,该方法可保障大角度立面影像拼接同名点的可靠性与准确性.     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。