新疆东天山西段路北镁铁-超镁铁岩地球化学特征及构造意义

对新疆东天山西段路北岩体进行主量元素、微量元素研究,通过与东天山东段镁铁-超镁铁岩体及塔里木大火成岩省对比,探讨其岩体成因和区域构造演化。路北岩体随MgO含量升高,FeO~T升高,而A1_2O_3、CaO降低,表明其为以橄榄石、斜方辉石和单斜辉石为主的堆晶岩。路北岩体与东天山东段镁铁-超镁铁具相似的稀土和微量元素分布模式,与塔里木地区地幔柱成因的镁铁-超镁铁岩体相比,路北岩体亏损Nb,Ta,Ti等高场强元素,La,Ba,Th,U等不相容元素含量较低,较高的La/Nb和Ba/Nb比值和较低的Nb/U比值,表明其原始岩浆主要来源于受俯冲流体交代地幔的部分熔融,软流圈地幔的上涌可能为部分熔融提供热源。     

造山带铜镍硫化物矿床的岩浆起源:以东天山黄山南铜镍矿床为例

位于中亚造山带南缘的新疆东天山地区因其出露大量的二叠纪镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体并产出一系列铜镍硫化物矿床而成为近年来地质学界关注的焦点.选择新疆东天山地区黄山南含铜镍矿镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体为研究对象,对其开展了系统的岩石学、矿物学和地球化学研究,以探讨造山带铜镍硫化物矿床的岩浆起源与性质.黄山南岩体主要由方辉橄榄岩、二辉橄榄岩、橄榄二辉岩、（橄榄）辉长苏长岩和闪长岩组成.各岩相显示富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素、强烈亏损Nb-Ta、Ti,类似于典型岛弧火山岩特征.黄山南镁铁质-超镁铁质岩具有较大变化范围的ε_Nd（t=282.5 Ma）值（-1.31~4.22）和（87Sr/86Sr）_i比值（0.703 2~0.706 9）以及高的（206Pb/204Pb）_i比值（17.67~18.90）,暗示其来源于一个适度富集的亏损地幔并经历了5%~20%新生地壳物质混染和~5%上地壳物质混染.根据橄榄石最高Fo牌号（摩尔含量为86.6%）计算的黄山南母岩浆为苦橄质岩浆（MgO=12.11%、FeO_Total=11.14%、Ni=306×10-6）,指示其岩浆源区应为软流圈和交代地幔楔共同熔融的源区.黄山南橄榄石低的Ca（< 725×10-6）和100×Mn/Fe（1.18~1.38）、高的Ni（1 451×10-6~2 813×10-6）和Mn/Zn（11.09~23.53）,暗示黄山南母岩浆来源于含有辉石岩的不均一橄榄岩地幔源区.因此,我们推测黄山南岩体的原始岩浆来源于早期经历过俯冲流体改造的含有辉石岩的交代岩石圈地幔源区.      

东天山黄山南镁铁-超镁铁质岩体锆石U-Pb年龄及岩浆演化过程探讨

黄山南镁铁-超镁铁质岩体位于东天山造山带觉罗塔格构造带内,与构造带内一系列镁铁-超镁铁质岩体构成了东天山镁铁-超镁铁质岩带。黄山南岩体锆石U-Pb同位素定年得到293.7±3.1Ma的加权平均年龄,显示其形成年龄为早二叠世。岩石样品镁铁比值m/f比值介于4.45~6.37之间,属于铁质超基性岩;利用橄榄石最高Fo值计算得到黄山南岩体母岩浆的Mg~#值为0.70,表明其母岩浆成分与原生岩浆较为接近,具有高镁拉斑玄武岩质岩浆的性质,且演化程度较低或母岩浆有过剩橄榄石堆晶的加入。Ba/La、Ba/Nb、Ba/Th、Rb/Nb、Th/Nb和Sm/Yb等微量元素比值表明黄山南岩体的岩浆源区可能为一被俯冲板片沉积物和流体改造过的较富集的岩石圈地幔。主量元素变化特征显示了岩浆结晶分异作用的一般特征;较高的Ba/Nb比值,相对高的La/Nb和低La/Ba值以及Ni-Ta-(Ti)元素的负异常表明岩浆上升过程中可能经历了地壳物质的混染作用。黄山南岩体年龄及岩石地球化学特征综合表明其能够代表东天山地区地幔岩浆演化早期阶段的产物,具有较好的成矿潜力。     

新疆黄山铜镍硫化物矿床成矿岩浆作用过程

黄山铜镍硫化物矿床镁铁．超镁铁质岩体岩相发育良好,主要包括橄榄岩、辉石岩、辉长岩和闪长岩,橄榄岩中部分橄榄石包含有硫化物珠滴。对该岩体不同岩相进行了主元素、微量元素、铂族元素和单矿物的分析,结果表明,不同类型岩石的化学组成受橄榄石、辉石和斜长石结晶分异作用的控制。微量元素和稀土元素具有相似的分布模式,（La／Yb）N介于1．14—3．65之间,明显亏损Nb和Ta,富集Sr。含矿岩石Cu／Pd和Ti／Pd比值大于原生地幔岩浆。上述结果揭示黄山镁铁-超镁铁质岩体不同岩性的岩石具有不同的主元素和微量元素特征,但母岩浆来自同一源区。根据橄榄石的F0值和全岩的主要氧化物组成估算出母岩浆为高镁（MgO约为15％）玄武岩岩浆,在岩浆作用过程中地壳富硅组分的混染是导致硫化物熔离的主要机制。     

新疆哈密黄山东铜镍硫化物矿床成岩成矿作用

黄山东铜镍硫化物矿床赋存于橄榄岩、苏长岩、辉长岩和闪长岩组成的镁铁-超镁铁质杂岩体中,赋矿岩体包含至少4套岩石组合。不同类型岩石微量元素和稀土元素原始地幔标准化配分模式指示,该矿床明显亏损Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等高场强元素和Cr元素,富集Sr及大离子亲石元素;(La/Yb)N=1.08～2.70,δEu=0.50～2.57;含矿岩石Cu/Pd比值和Ti/Pd比值大于原始地幔值,表明不同类型岩石是高镁玄武质岩浆在深部分异结晶演化的产物。根据橄榄石和全岩化学组成可估算出母岩浆MgO含量约为12%。成矿岩浆深部演化过程中,富硅的地壳混染组分和外来流体的加入可能促成了岩浆中的硫饱和;深部熔离的不混溶硫化物珠滴被上升岩浆携带,富集在橄榄岩和苏长岩的底部。     

新疆哈密白石泉含铜镍镁铁-超镁铁质岩体铂族元素特征

新疆哈密白石泉镁铁-超镁铁质岩体的铂族元素研究表明,岩体的铂族元素总含量较低,原始地幔标准化模式具镁铁质岩石的特征,并具Pt 正异常,且铂族元素的分异主要受结晶分异作用的影响.岩体的Cu/Pd、Se/S、Ti/Pd值表明其发生过硫化物的熔离作用.Pd/Ir、Ni/Cu特征表明了岩体系高镁玄武岩岩浆的产物.铂族元素特征揭示了白石泉岩体硫化物的熔离作用是由原始岩浆结晶分异导致的,岩体的形成是原始岩浆发生橄榄石等的结晶,导致硫化物的熔离作用后,其残余岩浆演化的结果.     

四川力马河镁铁-超镁铁质岩体的地球化学特征及成岩成矿分析

四川会理力马河镍矿是峨眉山大火成岩省最重要的岩浆硫化物矿床之一,成矿岩体为一小型锾铁-超镁铁岩侵入体,由含斜长石的超镁铁岩(包括舍长辉石橄榄岩和斜长橄榄辉石岩)和辉长岩类的镬铁质岩组成.矿床富含硫化物,成矿元素组合为铜、镍,铂族元素含量很低,没有铂族元素的工业富集,是蛾眉山大火成岩省中富铜镍贫铂族元素的代表性岩浆硫化物矿床.本文对力马河镍矿成矿岩体的镁铁、超镁铁岩及矿床中各种硫化物矿石进行了主量元素、微量元素及铂族元素含量分析.分析结果表明,力马河岩体的镁铁、超镁铁岩属拉斑玄武岩成因系列,岩石特征微量元素比值大致与高钛的峨眉山玄武岩相当、与低钛的峨眉山玄武岩有明显区分,但估计原始岩浆强不相容微量元素绝对含量大大低于高钛玄武岩,因此,其成矿岩体不是与一般的低钛或高钛峨眉山玄武岩(不包括苦橄岩在内)直接对应的深成相.岩体超镁铁岩及矿石铂族元素组成特征表现为无钌亏损的型式,钯/铱比值较小、在5左右,也显著不同于一般的峨眉山玄武岩,而类似于峨眉山大火成岩省苦橄岩的铂族元素组成.运用岩石地球化学研究方法计算,原始岩浆为苦橄质成分:MgO含量约17%、SiO2含量约48%.估计原始岩浆形成于130公里左右的深度,由类似于洋岛玄武岩岩浆源区成分的地幔经19%左右的部分熔融形成.超镁铁岩及硫化物矿石铂族元素含量一般在10-9～10-8暑级,铂族元素相对铜镍强烈亏损,铜/钯比值高于原始地幔10～100倍,铜镍铂族元素组成的原始地幔标准化曲线呈铂族元素显著亏损的“U“型.模式分析说明,导致铂族元素亏损的原因是岩浆成矿演化过程中多阶段硫化物熔离作用造成的,早期熔离出来的硫化物被丢失并造成岩浆中铂族元素亏损,其铂族元素亏损后的岩浆(第)二次硫化物熔离富集形成铂族元素亏损的矿石.     

新疆北山地区两个含铜镍镁铁—超镁铁质岩体铂族元素地球化学研究

对北山地区坡一和罗东含铜镍的镁铁-超镁铁质岩体铂族元素研究表明,两个岩体的铂族元素(PGE)总量较低,PPGE较IPGE富集,原始地幔标准化模式呈正斜率,均较原始地幔亏损,具Ir和Rh的弱负异常。较低的Pd/Ir比值表明岩石主要受岩浆作用控制,后期热液作用影响不明显。两个岩体的原生岩浆均为MgO 含量较高的PGE不亏损的拉斑玄武质岩浆,较高的Cu/Pd、Ti/Pd比值表明岩浆在演化过程中发生了硫化物的熔离。罗东岩体早期矿物相（橄榄石、铬铁矿）的分离结晶作用对岩浆中的硫达到饱和具有重要的贡献,而坡一岩体该作用对硫化物熔离的贡献不明显。坡一和罗东岩体的R值表明两岩体均具有达到中型Ni矿床的潜力。     

东天山四顶黑山层状岩体岩石地球化学特征

位于东天山黄山岩带最东端的四顶黑山镁铁质-超镁铁质层状杂岩体规模较大,呈北东向展布,可分为南、北2个岩体。主要岩石类型有单辉橄榄岩、橄榄辉石岩、橄榄苏长辉长岩、橄榄辉长岩、辉石角闪岩、辉长岩和角闪辉长岩,超镁铁岩相常与辉长岩相呈韵律互层。主量元素化学组成主要属拉斑玄武岩系列。岩石稀土元素配分曲线呈平坦型以及Eu的正异常,普遍富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、U),显示明显的Sr正异常以及Nb、Ta的亏损。通过橄榄石最高的Fo值(79.6)估算出母岩浆中MgO和FeO含量分别为6.23%和6.60%。岩浆在演化过程中发生了橄榄石、斜方辉石、单斜辉石、斜长石的分离结晶/堆晶作用以及较弱的上地壳同化混染作用。岩石高的(La/Yb)N值1.550和1.744值表明岩浆源区的深度可能大于90km;Th/U值特征以及Th/Yb-Nb/Yb和La/Ba-La/Nb图解表明,四顶黑山岩体的岩浆源区可能为受俯冲作用改造的岩石圈地幔。     

内蒙古阿拉善右旗吊井子一带镁铁质—超镁铁质岩石地球化学特征及成因分析

内蒙古自治区西部阿拉善右旗吊井子一带发育有3处镁铁质—超镁铁质岩体,位于华北板块之巴丹吉林坳陷西缘,其主要岩石类型为角闪石岩及橄榄岩。相对比与北大山镁铁质—超镁铁质岩体,本文研究区内角闪石岩分异明显,具有低钾、高钛、高铝、低磷等特征;大离子亲石元素富集,高场强元素亏损,稀土元素分异不明显,La/Sm、La/Ce、La/Yb较低,为亏损地幔来源的(N-MORB)洋中脊玄武岩的特点;橄榄岩富镁贫铁,具有镁质超基性岩的特点,岩浆未发生明显分异,微量元素中Cu、Ni、Co、Cr、V等地幔来源的元素强烈富集,不相容元素富集,稀土元素分异明显,稀土曲线右倾,具有弱Eu异常,La/Sm、La/Ce、La/Yb值较高,岩浆源于富集地幔物质的部分熔融。两种岩石地球化学成分及特征差异较大,不具备同源性特征。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)