饲料中过量添加晶体蛋氨酸和蛋氨酸羟基类似物对大菱鲆生长、饲料利用和抗氧化反应的影响

以初始体质量为(5.49±0.01)g的大菱鲆幼鱼为实验对象,探讨饲料中过量添加晶体蛋氨酸或蛋氨酸羟基类似物对大菱鲆生长、饲料利用和抗氧化反应的影响.以白鱼粉和豆粕为主要蛋白源,饲料中同时添加0.25％ DL-蛋氨酸和0.3％蛋氨酸羟基类似物钙盐(MHA)作为对照,在此基础上分别添加0.5％ DL-蛋氨酸、1.25％ DL-蛋氨酸、0.59％MHA、1.49％ MHA、1.25％ DL-蛋氨酸+0.85％柠檬酸钙,配制出6种实验饲料,使饲料中蛋氨酸和蛋氨酸羟基类似物(HMTBA)含量分别是1.35％、1.83％、2.50％、1.45％、1.37％、2.51％和0.22％、0.22％、0.22％、0.63％、1.38％、0.29％.养殖试验在室内流水系统中进行,持续10周,每个处理设5个重复,每个重复放养大菱鲆幼鱼30尾.结果显示,过量添加DL-蛋氨酸和HMTBA对大菱鲆幼鱼生长无显著影响(P＞0.05).过量添加DL-蛋氨酸和HMTBA对大菱鲆体组分、肥满度(CF)、脏体比(VSI)和肝体比(HSI)均无显著影响(P＞0.05),但柠檬酸钙添加组(处理6)体蛋白含量与基础饲料组相比显著降低(P＜0.05).对大菱鲆肝脏过氧化氢酶( CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和肝脏硫代巴比妥酸反应产物量(TBARS)进行测定,各处理组间均无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结果显示,在该实验条件下,过量添加晶体蛋氨酸(1.31～1.73倍)和HMTBA(1.32～1.75倍)对大菱鲆幼鱼的生长、饲料利用和抗氧化反应没有显著影响.     

饲料中糊精替代鱼油对大菱鲆幼鱼代谢及免疫反应的影响

为研究饲料中糊精替代鱼油对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)幼鱼代谢及免疫反应的影响,在饲料中蛋白质含量为45%的基础上,配制4组等氮等能的饲料(D1、D2、D3和D4),饲料中可溶性糖含量分别为1.93%、5.80%、15.98%和28.27%,脂肪含量分别为16.48%、12.82%、10.78%和6.64%,其中糊精为糖源,鱼油和大豆卵磷脂为脂肪源。在室内流水系统中养殖大菱鲆幼鱼((8.32±0.06)g),检测大菱鲆幼鱼的血液和肝脏中糖、脂肪和蛋白质代谢及抗氧化指标,试验周期为9周。研究表明:随着饲料中糊精替代鱼油水平的升高,大菱鲆的血糖含量、血浆胰岛素含量、血浆谷草转氨酶(AST)和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性(P0.05)显著升高。其中,D4组AST活性显著高于其余3组(P0.05),D1组ALT活性显著高于其余3组(P0.05)。饲料中糊精替代鱼油水平的升高对血浆中总氨基酸、总胆固醇(CL)和甘油三酯(TGs)的含量无显著影响(P0.05)。随着饲料中糊精含量的不断上升,血浆中溶菌酶、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)呈下降趋势。肝脏中碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和CAT活性以及T-AOC也有一定程度下降(P0.05),但肝脏溶菌酶活性显著上升(P0.05)。当饲料可溶性糖含量为15.98%时,肝脏SOD活性最高(P0.05)。结果表明:饲料中,糊精替代鱼油既影响大菱鲆幼鱼的糖和脂类代谢,又影响其免疫力。在实际生产中,除了关注饲料中糖对鱼体生长的影响,还应关注糖对鱼体代谢及免疫的影响。     

维生素C、E对镉致毒后中华绒螯蟹抗氧化系统酶活性的影响

通过在饲料中添加不同浓度的维生素C(VC),维生素E(VE)探讨其对镉致毒后中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheirsinensis)肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxidedismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Glutathioneperoxidase,GPx)活性变化的影响。结果表明,与镉中毒对照组相比,添加VC组能延缓抗氧化酶活性降低时间,减小其降低幅度。VC添加量增加(0.5%上升到1%),抗氧化酶降低的延缓减小作用随之增加。而投喂添加了VE的饲料,河蟹肝胰腺中SOD,CAT和GPx的变化与投喂VC组相似,表现为SOD、CAT基础活性下降,GPx活性上升,同时也能减慢抗氧化酶活性降低时间,减小其降低幅度。随VE量增加(0.02%增加到0.06%)以上变化呈增强趋势。从实验结果看VC,VE都可在镉致毒初期起到抗氧化保护作用。     

饲料中添加还原型谷胱甘肽对牙鲆生长和抗氧化能力的影响

以酪蛋白、明胶为主要蛋白源配制精制基础饲料,添加不同浓度梯度的还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH),饲料中GSH的含量分别为0、97.96、189.92、371.84、688.72和1 063.56 mg.kg-1,在流水式养殖系统中分别投喂初始体质量为(9.49±0.22)g的牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)幼鱼,8周后观测各组牙鲆的生长情况及机体的抗氧化状态。结果表明,饲料中添加外源的GSH对牙鲆成活率没有显著影响(P>0.05);牙鲆增重率(WGR)在饲料GSH含量为371.84 mg.kg-1时达到最大值,显著高于其它各组(P<0.05);饲料GSH添加组牙鲆肝脏中GSH的含量显著高于零添加组(P<0.05);各处理组肝脏中丙二醛(MDA)的含量没有显著差异(P>0.05);肝脏中谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)的活力随饲料中GSH含量的升高呈现先降低后上升的趋势,并在饲料中GSH含量为371.84 mg.kg-1时达到最低值;肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)活力没有受到饲料中GSH含量的显著影响(P>0.05);饲料中GSH含量为371.84 mg.kg-1时,肝脏中总抗氧化力(T-AOC)显著高于1 063.56 mg.kg-1组(P<0.05),谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)活力显著低于其它各组(P<0.05)。根据WGR的实验数据,利用折线模型得到牙鲆幼鱼饲料中GSH的适宜含量为368.92 mg.kg-1,过高或过低都会对生长造成负面影响,抑制机体抗氧化能力,增加机体氧化压力。     

饲料中硒和α-硫辛酸对皱纹盘鲍稚鲍抗氧化反应的影响

本研究利用2×3双因素试验设计,分别添加0和1 mg/kg的硒,0、800和3 200 mg/kg的α-硫辛酸,配制成6种半精制饲料,在流水系统中养殖初始体质量为(0.43±0.00)g的皱纹盘鲍稚鲍(Haliotis discus hannaiIno)16周,探讨硒和硫辛酸对皱纹盘鲍稚鲍抗氧化反应的影响。结果表明:硒对皱纹盘鲍肝胰脏中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)和总抗氧化力(T-AOC)有显著影响,当饲料中不添加硫辛酸时,硒显著提高了肝胰脏GPX活性及T-AOC值。饲料中添加800 mg/kg硫辛酸时,皱纹盘鲍肝胰脏中的GPX活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和T-AOC值均显著增加,谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量也有所增加,但差异不显著。然而,添加3 200 mg/kg硫辛酸时,GPX活性和T-AOC值显著下降。尽管没有统计学上的显著差异,饲料中硒和硫辛酸对皱纹盘鲍稚鲍抗氧化反应的影响表现出了潜在的交互作用。总的来说,饲料中同时添加1mg/kg硒和800 mg/kg硫辛酸时,皱纹盘鲍稚鲍能够表现出较好的抗氧化状态。     

壳聚糖对虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)幼鱼生长性能、体组成及非特异性免疫的影响

用壳聚糖添加量为0.00%(D0)、0.25%(D1)、0.50%(D2)、1.00%(D3)和2.00%(D4)的实验饲料投喂虹鳟幼鱼50d,研究其对虹鳟幼鱼生长性能、体组成及非特异性免疫的影响。结果显示,各实验组增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)显著高于对照组(P<0.05),饲料系数(FCR)、脏体比(VSI)呈显著降低趋势(P<0.05),而肝体比(HSI)、脾体比(SSI)、肥满度(CF)及存活率(SR)无明显差异(P>0.05)。全鱼、肌肉及肝脏粗脂肪含量显著降低(P<0.05)。D3组和D4组碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性显著低于其它各组(P<0.05);酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性显著降低(P<0.05),溶菌酶(LZM)活性则显著升高(P<0.05);D4组总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著高于对照组及D1组(P<0.05);超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力差异不显著(P>0.05)。在本实验条件下,饲料中添加壳聚糖可显著提高虹鳟幼鱼生长性能、增强非特异性免疫能力,以增重率及非特异性免疫为综合评价指标,虹鳟饲料中壳聚糖的适宜添加量为0.50%。     

养殖大黄鱼在自然海区降温不同阶段抗氧化水平及血清酶活性的变化

为了解越冬期间水温下降对大黄鱼抗氧化水平和血清酶活性的影响, 作者研究了养殖大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)冬季海区自然降温不同阶段(20、16、12、10、8℃)肝脏和肌肉中抗氧化水平及血清酶活性的变化。结果显示: 自然降温过程中, 肝脏中3 种抗氧化酶变化趋势不同, 其中SOD 活性呈升高趋势, 8℃时SOD活性最强; POD 活性呈先升高后降低的变化趋势, 16℃时活性最高; CAT 活性呈下降趋势; 而肌肉中这3 种抗氧化酶活性均呈下降趋势。肝脏中GSH 和MDA 含量在16℃时最高; 肌肉中的3 种抗氧化酶活性、GSH 和MDA 含量以及总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)均明显低于肝脏中, 反映了肝脏对清除自由基具有重要作用, 在抗氧化调节方面起到主要作用。血清酶ALT、AST、ALP、LDH 及CK-MB 随水温自然下降酶活性均呈现降低趋势, 即20℃时酶活性最强; CK 和LIP 随着水温降低, 呈先上升再下降的趋势; ADA 和GGT 随水温降低活性呈上升趋势。血清酶的不同变化, 说明水温对大黄鱼血清酶活性有一定的影响。     

不同脂肪水平下添加胆汁酸对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)幼鱼生长、体组成和脂肪代谢的影响

在10%和18%两个脂肪水平下,分别添加0%、1.5%的胆汁酸,配制成四种等氮饲料,投喂初始平均体重为(45.78±0.11)g的大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)幼鱼8周,研究两个脂肪水平下添加胆汁酸对大菱鲆幼鱼生长、体组成和脂肪代谢的影响。结果表明:饲料脂肪水平升高或添加胆汁酸均能显著提高大菱鲆幼鱼增重率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率,降低饵料系数(P0.05);相同脂肪水平下,添加胆汁酸显著提高了实验鱼的生长,降低了肝体比(P0.05)。随着饲料脂肪水平的升高,组织中粗脂肪含量呈上升的趋势;而添加胆汁酸降低了组织中脂肪的蓄积,但全鱼与肌肉中水分、粗蛋白含量主要受饲料中胆汁酸水平的影响(P0.05)。胆汁酸能显著降低大菱鲆幼鱼肌肉PUFA含量(P0.05),增加SFA、MUFA含量。饲料添加胆汁酸能降低实验鱼血清甘油三酯、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量及谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶活性(P0.05),但饲料脂肪水平对血液生化指标的影响呈相反趋势。饲料脂肪水平的升高或添加胆汁酸均能提高实验鱼肝脏脂蛋白脂酶、肝脂酶、总脂酶和肠道脂肪酶活性(P0.05),且胆汁酸和脂肪二者之间的交互作用对脂肪代谢有显著影响(P0.05)。综上所述,在2个脂肪水平下添加胆汁酸均能促进大菱鲆幼鱼的生长,提高饲料利用状况,促进脂肪消化吸收,降低组织中粗脂肪含量。     

玉米蛋白粉部分替代鱼粉对大菱鲆幼鱼的生长性能和游离氨基酸代谢的影响

以初始体重(9.19±0.01)g的大菱鲆幼鱼为研究对象,研究玉米蛋白粉部分替代饲料中的鱼粉蛋白对大菱鲆幼鱼的生长性能、血浆生化指标、组织游离氨基酸含量及氨基酸分解关键酶基因表达的影响。设计2种等氮、等能的实验饲料组:鱼粉对照组(FM)和玉米蛋白粉替代45%鱼粉蛋白组(CGM),分别饱食投喂大菱鲆幼鱼30天。研究表明:与FM组相比,CGM组大菱鲆幼鱼的特定生长率、饲料效率、以及蛋白质和脂肪沉积率显著降低,且全鱼粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量也显著降低(P0.01),但CGM组的全鱼水分和灰分含量显著高于FM组(P0.01)。CGM组血浆总蛋白、葡萄糖、甘油三酯和总胆固醇含量均较FM组显著降低(P0.05)。大菱鲆摄食CGM组饲料后,其血浆和肌肉游离氨基酸含量均较FM组显著降低,且肌肉氨基酸降幅度更大(P0.05)。CGM组肠道支链α-酮酸脱氢酶二氢硫辛酸转乙酰基酶(BCKD-E2)mRNA表达量较FM组显著升高。结果表明:玉米蛋白粉替代45%鱼粉蛋白显著抑制了大菱鲆幼鱼的生长,降低了饲料效率,影响了鱼体营养物质的组成和代谢,加快了肠中氨基酸的分解代谢,降低了组织游离氨基酸的平衡性和总量。     

基于响应面法分析温度和盐度及其交互作用对大菱鲆幼鱼抗氧化酶活性的影响

为了分析温度和盐度及其交互作用对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)抗氧化酶活性的影响,作者采用中心组合设计和响应曲面法研究温度(17~23℃)和盐度(20~40)对大菱鲆幼鱼血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力的效应。结果表明:温度对大菱鲆幼鱼血清SOD活力的线性效应极显著(P0.01),累积效应不显著(P0.05);盐度对大菱鲆幼鱼肠道SOD活力线性效应显著(P0.05),累积效应极显著(P0.01);温度和盐度对SOD活力的互作效应达到显著水平(P0.05)。响应曲面法分析表明,随着温度和盐度的增大,SOD的活力基本上均呈先降后升的趋势。建立SOD活力与温度、盐度及其温度-盐度互作效应的模型方程Y=74.76–9.53 X1+5.31 X2+1.8 X1 X2+5.31 X12+10.53 X22,并据此预测大菱鲆幼鱼血清SOD的活力。对所建模型进行优化,得到SOD活性最低的理论最佳条件为:温度21.84℃,盐度27.97,在此条件下SOD活性值为70.0463 U/mg。     

维生素E对皱纹盘鲍幼鲍生长、存活及体成分的影响

于1997年5月在山东荣成石岛鲍珍品养殖场采集幼鲍，采用单因素试验方法进行幼鲍维生素E(VE）营养需要的研究。以酷蛋白和明胶为蛋白源，通过用不同浓度VE的饲料（E1－E7七个实验组），即在每100g饲料中分别添加0、5、10、20、50、100、200mgVE来饲喂幼鲍（平均体重为220－240mg)103天。结果表明，饲料中适量的VE具有促进幼鲍生长的作用；幼鲍软体部水分和脂肪含量不受饲料中VE添加水平的影响，然而饲料中VE添加水平显著影响软体部蛋白质含量；贝壳中灰分和钙、磷含量不受VE添加水平的影响。以增重和蛋白质增量为指标，皱纹盘鲍幼鲍饲料中VE的适宜含量为5－10mg/100g饲料。     

大菱鲆幼鱼蛋白质消化特征及其对水环境的影响

采用单因素随机区组设计,选择平均初重34.5±5.5g的大菱鲆幼鱼225尾,平均分为5组(A~E),每组3重复。分别饲喂蛋白质水平45%,48%,50%,52%和54%的5种膨化颗粒饲料,研究大菱鲆幼鱼的蛋白质消化特征及其对水环境的影响。结果表明:随着饲料蛋白质水平的提高,幼鱼的生长性能提高,饲料系数相应降低;蛋白质消化率先升后降,在50%蛋白组取得最大;蛋白质摄入量、消化量以及粪氮排出量明显增加;养殖水环境中氨氮和亚硝氮的浓度也不断提高。特别是在50%蛋白质水平以上时,幼鱼生长性能提高幅度缓慢,而粪氮排出量和水环境中氨氮含量显著提高(p<0.05)。试验表明,大菱鲆幼鱼环保饲料中蛋白质的适宜水平为50%。     

Juvenile form of the New Zealand turbot Colistium nudipinnis (Waite) (Pisces: Heterosomata: Rhombosoleinae) (note)

A juvenile (26 mm) specimen of the New Zealand turbot Colistium nudipinnis (Waite) is figured and described. Differences between the juvenile and adult forms, and characters distinguishing juvenile C. nudipinnis from the young of other New Zealand species of flatfish, are noted.     

Annual and spatial variation in the abundance length and condition of juvenile turbot (Psetta maxima L.) on nursery grounds on the west coast of Ireland: 2000–2007

Turbot (Psetta maxima Linnaeus) is a high value commercially exploited marine flatfish which occurs in European waters, from the Northeast Atlantic to the Arctic Circle, the Baltic and Mediterranean Sea. In Ireland, turbot are the most valuable commercial non-quota species. Very little is known about their population dynamics in the wild, in particular during the sandy beach nursery phase of the life history. In 2000, a survey was established to assess flatfish species on nursery grounds on the west coast of Ireland. Eleven sandy beaches were assessed for 0+ turbot by beach seining, over an eight year period (2000–2007) during the months of August and September. The objective of the study was to estimate juvenile turbot abundance and size structure to determine if any spatial and annual trends existed. Large scale variability in the recruitment of fish to nursery grounds may be indicative of fluctuations in the adult stock. Turbot were found to recruit to five beaches consistently over the eight year period. Temporal and spatial variability in the relative abundance and length of turbot was discerned, with no apparent overall trend. However, certain nursery grounds were shown in most of the years examined to support higher abundances of turbot in comparison to other areas over the eight year period. Turbot abundances on nursery grounds were significantly correlated with mean spring sea temperatures during the pelagic stage. The condition of turbot did not significantly differ on an annual or spatial scale. Mean densities of 0+ turbot along the Irish coast were found to be similar and at times higher than other areas in Europe, ranging from 0.1 (± 0.3) individuals 1000 m^− 2 to 18.5 (± 6.9) individuals 1000 m^− 2. Mean turbot total length on beaches ranged from 3.8 cm (± 0.6) to 6.6 cm (± 4.3). The observed spatial and temporal variability in abundance and length highlights the need for long-term studies when assessing juvenile flatfish populations. Results from the present study have provided much needed baseline data on wild juvenile turbot populations which is severely lacking for this species both on an Irish and on a European scale.     

不同含量水解鱼蛋白添加对大菱鲆幼鱼生长、血浆和肌肉游离氨基酸含量及后肠组织形态的影响

为研究水解鱼蛋白(FPH)对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus L.)幼鱼生长的影响,本实验以60%的鱼粉(FM)组为正对照组,以复合植物蛋白源替代40%的FM作为负对照组(含36%的FM),在负对照组的基础上添加3个梯度水平(3%、6%、9%)的FPH作为实验组,分别喂养大菱鲆幼鱼74 d。研究表明,与负对照组相比,添加6%和9%的FPH可显著提高大菱鲆幼鱼的生长性能,并达到与正对照组相似的效果。添加不同含量的FPH会改善大菱鲆幼鱼的后肠形态,且改善状况随添加量的增加而愈加明显,当FPH添加水平达到9%时,可显著增加大菱鲆幼鱼后肠的肠绒毛直径比、肠上皮细胞高度和微绒毛高度。与负对照组相比,9%FPH组显著提高了血浆和肌肉中必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸和总氨基酸浓度。此外,饲料中添加6%和9%的FPH显著促进了PepT1的基因表达量。研究结果表明,水解鱼蛋白是一种潜在的替代鱼粉的有效蛋白源,可起到改善大菱鲆幼鱼生长指标、提高机体游离氨基酸含量和促进肠道吸收能力的作用。     

Annual and spatial variation in the abundance length and condition of juvenile turbot (Psetta maxima L.) on nursery grounds on the west coast of Ireland: 2000–2007

Turbot (Psetta maxima Linnaeus) is a high value commercially exploited marine flatfish which occurs in European waters, from the Northeast Atlantic to the Arctic Circle, the Baltic and Mediterranean Sea. In Ireland, turbot are the most valuable commercial non-quota species. Very little is known about their population dynamics in the wild, in particular during the sandy beach nursery phase of the life history. In 2000, a survey was established to assess flatfish species on nursery grounds on the west coast of Ireland. Eleven sandy beaches were assessed for 0+ turbot by beach seining, over an eight year period (2000–2007) during the months of August and September. The objective of the study was to estimate juvenile turbot abundance and size structure to determine if any spatial and annual trends existed. Large scale variability in the recruitment of fish to nursery grounds may be indicative of fluctuations in the adult stock. Turbot were found to recruit to five beaches consistently over the eight year period. Temporal and spatial variability in the relative abundance and length of turbot was discerned, with no apparent overall trend. However, certain nursery grounds were shown in most of the years examined to support higher abundances of turbot in comparison to other areas over the eight year period. Turbot abundances on nursery grounds were significantly correlated with mean spring sea temperatures during the pelagic stage. The condition of turbot did not significantly differ on an annual or spatial scale. Mean densities of 0+ turbot along the Irish coast were found to be similar and at times higher than other areas in Europe, ranging from 0.1 (± 0.3) individuals 1000 m^− 2 to 18.5 (± 6.9) individuals 1000 m^− 2. Mean turbot total length on beaches ranged from 3.8 cm (± 0.6) to 6.6 cm (± 4.3). The observed spatial and temporal variability in abundance and length highlights the need for long-term studies when assessing juvenile flatfish populations. Results from the present study have provided much needed baseline data on wild juvenile turbot populations which is severely lacking for this species both on an Irish and on a European scale.     

大菱鲆的营养研究进展

介绍了国外近年来大菱Ping的仔稚鱼期生物饵料、植物蛋白、脂类以及维生素对其生长及成活率影响的研究现状，以期为我国大菱Ping鱼的科学养殖提供参考。     

大菱鲆免疫球蛋白轻链IgL全长cDNA的分离、鉴定及表达分析

实验采用末端快速扩增(RACE)技术从大菱鲆脾脏cDNA文库中筛选得到了免疫球蛋白轻链IgL的全长cD-NA片段。该序列包含47 bp的5′末端非编码区(5′UTR),738 bp的开放阅读框(ORF)和202 bp 3′UTR,整个开放阅读框编码246个氨基酸。系统发生分析表明大菱鲆IgL基因与五条鰤的IgL基因起源关系最近。RT-PCR分析表明,大菱鲆IgL基因只在正常脾脏、肾脏和头肾组织中表达;IgL在大菱鲆胚胎发育细胞期就已开始表达,在大菱鲆胚胎尾芽期和体节期表达持续增强;在鳗弧菌感染大菱鲆脾脏和头肾早期均检测到IgL基因强烈表达,后期表达逐渐减弱;大菱鲆胚胎细胞(TEC)在用鳗弧菌感染48h后,IgL开始表达。这些结果均表明IgL基因在大菱鲆免疫应答中起着重要作用。     

大菱鲆对迟缓爱德华氏菌的免疫应答

用制备的迟缓爱德华氏菌灭活全菌和主要外膜蛋白(OMP)对大菱鲆进行腹腔注射及肛门灌注免疫,以Ig+细胞数量及血清抗体效价为指标,评价和比较大菱鲆对不同抗原的免疫应答水平.结果显示,注射2种抗原后,外周血中Ig+细胞数量及血清抗体效价均呈明显增加趋势,注射OMP大菱鲆的外周血Ig+细胞数量及血清抗体效价不显著低于注射灭活全菌大菱鲆(外周血Ig+细胞:P=0.390;抗体效价:P=0.300);肛门灌注2种抗原后,大菱鲆外周血和后肠中Ig+细胞数量及血清凝集效价亦均呈增加趋势,灌注OMP大菱鲆后肠、外周血中Ig+细胞数量和血清抗体效价均不显著高于灌注灭活全菌大菱鲆(外周血Ig+细胞:P=0.056;后肠Ig+细胞:P=0.163;抗体效价:P=0.195).结果表明,注射和肛门灌注迟缓爱德华氏菌灭活全菌和OMP均能够诱导大菱鲆产生针对迟缓爱德华氏菌的特异性免疫应答.本文结果对鱼类疫苗的研制具有参考价值.     

养殖密度对陆基工厂化循环水养殖系统中大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)幼鱼生长和胁迫反应的影响研究

Stocking density is widely recognized as a critical factor in aquaculture and a potential source of long-term stress.The influence of stocking density on growth and stress response of juvenile turbot(Scophthalmus maximus, ~3–75g, initial to final weight) was examined in fish held under low(LD, ~0.21–5.31 kg/m~2, initial to final density),medium(MD, ~0.42–10.81 kg/m~2) and high stocking density(HD, ~0.63–14.27 kg/m~2) for 120 days in a recirculating aquaculture system(RAS). In this trial, the growth curve for weight of juvenile turbot in RAS, all fitted by the Schnute model. No significant difference was found in growth performance among the three densities until at the final sampling(Day 120). The final weight and body weight increase(BWI) in the HD group were significantly lower than in other groups(P0.05, weight:(75.83±2.49) g,(75.39±2.08) g,(65.72±2.86) g and BWI:(2 436.12±28.10)%,(2 421.29±4.64)%,(2 097.88±20.99)% in LD, MD and HD groups, respectively). Similarly, the specific growth rate(SGR), feed conversion ratio(FCR) and coefficient of variation for weight(CV_w) were adversely affected by high stocking density(P0.05). However, there was no difference in survival and Fulton's condition factor(K) of turbot among the different groups. Physiological analyses demonstrated a clear increase in the plasma cortisol level and an obvious decrease in growth hormone(GH) concentration in the HD group on Day120(P0.05). There was no significant effect of stocking density on plasma glucose, Cl– and protein levels. All these findings would provide a reference for selecting the optimal stocking density of juvenile turbot in RAS.