黑龙江争光金矿床年代学特征及成矿意义

多宝山斑岩矿床位于兴蒙褶皱带的东段,是中国东北部著名的超大型斑岩铜矿床,具有极大的找矿潜力。争光矿床处于多宝山多金属成矿带的南东端,是区内重要的金矿床。本文对争光金矿区多宝山组灰绿色凝灰岩中因受闪长玢岩侵入影响而形成的薄膜状辉钼矿,进行Re-Os同位素定年,获得加权平均年龄为480±3Ma;对采自于接触部位内侧的闪长玢岩(侵入安山岩,赋存金矿体),以及采自于一条被金矿脉切断的岩脉中的闪长岩,进行锆石U-Pb定年,获得~(206)Pb/~(238)U加权平均年龄分别为478.3±3.7Ma、150.67±0.77Ma。根据多宝山矿集区的地质背景、区内经历的对岩浆活动与成岩成矿有重要影响的加里东期、海西期和燕山期的三大构造-热事件的演化过程、多宝山斑岩成矿系统中Au元素的含量、花岗闪长斑岩具有的黄铁绢英岩化、碳酸盐化和多金属硫化物矿化、矿区发现了隐爆角砾岩型矿石,以及多宝山、铜山、争光Re-Os同位素较为一致的测年结果等诸多特征,推断争光金矿早期矿化发生在加里东期,为多宝山斑岩成矿系统外围的浅成低温热液型矿化,并与闪长玢岩岩浆活动相关,后期叠加了燕山期闪长岩岩浆活动的成矿作用。本文所测辉钼矿中Re的较高含量(295.9×10~(-6)~394.7×10~(-6)),推测其成矿物质主要来源于地幔,并含有部分地壳物质。     

鄂东鸡冠嘴矿区成矿岩体锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年及其意义

鄂东鸡冠嘴铜金(铁)矿床位于阳新岩体西北端,与铜绿山铜金矿床毗邻。矿区成矿岩体主要岩性为石英正长闪长玢岩、石英闪长岩、闪长岩和安山玢岩。其中石英正长闪长玢岩与成矿关系密切。在前人矿床地质特征研究基础上,笔者对成矿岩体进行了锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年,获得石英正长闪长玢岩和闪长岩的年龄为146±2Ma(95%可信度,MSWD=1.3)和132±4Ma(95%可信度,MSWD=3)。测定结果表明,区内石英正长闪长玢岩和闪长岩分属燕山早期和燕山晚期岩浆活动的产物。鉴于矿体在空间上主要赋存于岩体内外接触带及层间破碎带中,推测成矿作用应略晚于石英正长闪长玢岩(146±2Ma)而早于闪长岩侵位的时间(132±4Ma),这与前人获得长江中下游铜铁金成矿带代表性矿床的辉钼矿Re-Os模式年龄分布在134.7～143Ma的研究结果一致。     

黑龙江多宝山斑岩Cu-Mo矿床成岩成矿时代研究

多宝山斑岩型铜(钼)矿床是中国东北地区重要的斑岩型铜(钼)矿床,文章对矿区主要成矿岩体及辉钼矿样品进行了系统的成岩成矿年代学研究。对成矿岩体采用高精度LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,获得成矿母岩花岗闪长斑岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为(474.8±4.7) Ma,矿体寄主岩石花岗闪长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为(478.1±4.1) Ma,以及矿体外围黑云母花岗闪长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为(483.9±4.5) Ma;矿体辉钼矿的Re-Os同位素模式年龄加权平均值为(475.1±5.1) Ma。测年结果显示,多宝山斑岩铜(钼)矿床形成于早奥陶世。结合含矿地层、矿区岩石组合特征,以及前人研究的岩石地球化学特征,推测多宝山矿床形成于早奥陶世与板块俯冲有关的岛弧环境,说明在区域上寻找类似多宝山的斑岩铜矿应沿早奥陶世多宝山-伊尔斯岩浆岛弧带开展。     

广西龙头山斑岩型金矿成岩成矿锆石SHRIMP U Pb年代学研究

贵县龙头山金矿位于大瑶山隆起西南部,成矿作用与燕山晚期流纹斑岩和花岗斑岩有关。金（银）矿体主要赋存于斑岩和断裂破碎带中。运用高分辨率和高灵敏度离子探针（SHRIMP）分析技术,作者对矿区流纹斑岩和花岗斑岩进行了锆石UPb定年,获得流纹斑岩和花岗斑岩的年龄分别为103.3±2.4Ma（95%可信度,MSWD=2.1）和100.3±1.4Ma（95%可信度,MSWD=0.40）,表明龙头山金矿区的成岩成矿作用都发生于中晚白垩世。并认为花岗斑岩和流纹斑岩系同期岩浆作用的产物,矿床是在同一成矿作用下形成的,似乎不存在多期矿化的可能。     

青海省纳日贡玛斑岩钼铜矿床成矿花岗斑岩锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb定年及地质意义

对青海省纳日贡玛斑岩钼铜矿床开展了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素定年研究,结果表明,纳日贡玛矿区2个黑云母花岗斑岩样品的锆石206Pb/238U同位素加权平均年龄分别为(43.4±0.4)Ma和(42.9±0.3)Ma,锆石形态、结晶振荡环带结构及元素含量均显示出岩浆成因特点;因此,锆石U-Pb年龄可代表斑岩的岩浆结晶年龄,纳日贡玛含矿斑岩岩浆的侵位年代可精确地限定于新生代喜马拉雅期,相当于中始新世。1件辉钼矿样品Re-Os同位素模式年龄为(40.8±0.4)Ma,结合前人的辉钼矿测试结果,认为在纳日贡玛岩浆活动约2.6 Ma后,岩浆热液成矿流体开始产生成矿作用。三江走滑断裂构造系统控制斑岩矿床的分布,青海三江北段斑岩钼铜矿具有很大的找矿潜力。     

西藏哈海岗钨钼多金属矿床地质特征及辉钼矿铼-锇同位素定年

西藏墨竹工卡县哈海岗钨钼多金属矿床是近年来新发现的以钨钼为主的多金属矿床,也是念青唐古拉成矿带发现的第一个钨钼多金属矿床。文章简要地介绍了该矿床基本地质特征,利用Re-Os同位素定年方法对采自哈海岗矽卡岩型钨钼矿体中的2件辉钼矿进行了成矿年代的测定,获得的辉钼矿Re-Os同位素模式年龄分别为(140.1±2.8) Ma和(143.3±5.2) Ma,平均值为(141.7±4) Ma。测年数据表明,矿床成矿时代属于早白垩世,可能系班公湖—怒江洋向南俯冲碰撞阶段成矿作用的产物,早于其东侧亚贵拉、洞中拉石英斑岩的成岩年龄(126 Ma左右)。矿床成矿时代的厘定丰富了冈底斯—念青唐古拉成矿带矿床成矿系列,指示冈底斯成矿带存在早白垩世的成矿作用,该带至少存在四期独立的钼成矿事件;同时对于研究区域岩浆演化与成矿作用以及区域找矿预测也具有十分重要的意义。     

青海西南三江北段早古新世成岩、成矿事件：陆日格斑岩钼矿LA ICP MS锆石U Pb和辉钼矿Re Os定年

对青海南部西南三江多金属成矿带北段陆日格斑岩钼矿床开展了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb和辉钼矿Re-Os同位素定年研究.研究表明,陆日格黑云母花岗斑岩、细粒花岗斑岩的锆石LA-ICP-MS 206Pb/238U加权平均年龄分别为62.1±0.4Ma、61.7±0.3Ma,所测锆石均显示岩浆成因特点,锆石U-Pb年龄可代表斑岩的结晶年龄;5件辉钼矿的Re-Os加权平均模式年龄为60.7±1.5Ma,锆石U-Pb同位素年龄与辉钼矿的Re-Os年龄非常吻合,所获年龄准确厘定了陆日格矿床的岩浆活动与矿化时限为早古新世.陆日格与三江带中北段主要斑岩型矿床成岩成矿年龄相差近20Ma,表明三江北段自古新世起,区域内至少有两期较大规模的斑岩成矿作用,作为目前已知新生代三江成矿带最早的一次岩浆成矿事件,陆日格斑岩钼矿具有非常重要的理论与找矿工作意义.     

江西北武夷高家山铜钼矿含矿岩体的特征与锆石U-Pb年代学研究

北武夷地区高家山矽卡岩型铜钼多金属矿床位于扬子地块与华夏地块碰撞对接带萍乡－广丰深大断裂的南侧,前人获得与成矿有关正长斑岩、花岗斑岩体的K-Ar法同位素年龄为63.6Ma、84.7Ma。本文对与成矿有关的正长斑岩和侵入于正长斑岩、花岗斑岩中的闪长玢岩分别进行了精确的锆石U—Pb定年研究,获得锆石 206Pb/238U年龄分别为232.7±0.6Ma和219.6±1.5Ma,属印支期。通过分析矿石的氧、硫同位素和成矿岩体的地质地球化学特点,认为高家山铜钼矿床与印支期富碱性岩浆活动存在密切的时空和成因联系。因此,成矿岩体年龄间接地反映了本矿床的形成时代为印支期,提供了北武夷地区印支期成矿作用的新信息。     

江西修水花山洞钨矿床同位素年代学研究及其意义

江西修水花山洞钨矿床是近年来新发现的钨矿床,与华南地区大量钨矿床与燕山期岩浆活动相关的传统认识不同,该矿床形成于晋宁期,成矿作用与晋宁期岩浆作用密切相关。本文通过对该矿区与成矿作用关系密切的花岗闪长岩和矿体矿石中辉钼矿同位素年代学研究,获得了花岗闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素加权平均年龄为863±18 Ma(MSWD=0.024)、辉钼矿Re-Os同位素加权平均年龄为805±5 Ma(MSWD=1.01)。结果表明,花山洞钨矿床成矿年龄略晚于矿区花岗闪长岩,显示了成矿作用与花岗闪长岩分异演化一致,花山洞钨矿床成矿时代为晋宁期,是晋宁期岩浆活动的产物。     

黑龙江多宝山铜(钼)矿床叠加成矿:辉钼矿Re-Os年龄和硫化物原位硫同位素证据SCIEI北大核心CSCD

斑岩型矿床易受后期岩浆、构造、变质等地质作用影响,使得矿床自身发生改造变形。后期的热事件不仅可以将原有矿体再活化,还能够带来新的成矿物质,进而发生新一期成矿作用。不同地质时期的成矿作用在同一空间互相叠加,会形成与斑岩矿床矿化特征截然不同的矿床,称为叠加改造型斑岩矿床。多宝山铜(钼)矿床位于中亚造山带东段,兴蒙造山带内。该矿床在成矿构造地质、矿石组构和成矿期次等方面表现出多期改造与叠加成矿的特征。本次根据野外观察和成矿年代学研究,推测多宝山铜矿至少存在两期成矿作用。对采自矿坑340平台10件叠加矿化类型的辉钼矿样品进行Re-Os同位素分析,获得辉钼矿的模式年龄介于435.6±10.5Ma~446.1±7.1Ma之间,等时线年龄为440.1±4.5Ma (MSWD=0.56)。结合前人获得的年龄资料,确认多宝山叠加成矿与晚奥陶世玄武安山岩应形成于统一的成岩成矿地质事件。不同矿化期次的黄铜矿和黄铁矿原位硫同位素结果显示:典型斑岩型矿脉中黄铜矿δ^(34)S平均值为-2.12‰;叠加矿化黄铜矿δ^(34)S平均值为-1.78‰,黄铁矿δ^(34)S平均值为-1.03‰,均落入幔源硫范围,表明硫主要来自岩浆。而前人在叠加期形成的黄铜矿中,测试到较低的δ^(34)S值(-12.9‰~-5.6‰),这是后期流体易携带轻硫^(32)S发生迁移并在应力较低的区域内重新沉淀的结果。同位素组成指示叠加成矿期的矿化元素即来源于新的岩浆活动,又继承了先前存在的岩(矿)体。     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率

在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。     

Bellechester,Minnesota, USA,lagoon collapses

Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×10⁶ 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m³ of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes.     

Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA

The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.     

滇东南花岗岩与锡、银、铜、铅、锌多金属矿床的成因关系

滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床.