几种矿物粉尘对硅酸盐细菌S35生长的影响

通过对6种矿物粉尘主要化学成分的分析,以及它们与硅酸盐细菌S35的相互作用后各培养液pH值、葡萄糖(GLU)、电解质以及Mn、Si、Fe等的变化的测试,比较矿物粉尘的化学成分和物理性状对试验目标菌生长的影响。利用SEM分析对粉尘与细菌的作用过程中细菌形态和界面作用情况进行了研究。结果表明,所选各种矿物粉尘对细菌生长情况的影响存在差异,矿物粉尘对硅酸盐细菌生长的影响可能与粉尘的化学成分有关。     

非金属矿产深加工技术新突破——硅灰石深加工

由梨树硅灰石矿业公司承担,武汉工业大学等单位协作在硅灰石选矿技术、针状硅灰石粉加工和改性技术等方面取得了突破。在选矿方面,通过对梨树硅灰石原矿物相分析,化学分析、X射线和红外光谱分析、测定了原矿的物相组成和化学组成,针对硅灰石与石英等硅质原料分选难度大等问题,对分选药剂的性能及各种分选药剂的组合效应进行了专题研究,经过酸法和     

超细水镁石粉体对大肠杆菌生长过程的影响

通过分析超细纤维水镁石的主要化学成分,测定其与大肠杆茵ATCC25922相互作用不同时间后,茵落数、培养基pH值、葡萄糖（GLU）、β-半乳糖酸苷酶以及Mg^2＋等的变化,来研究其相互作用影响。同时做SEM分析,对水镁石短纤维与细茵的作用过程中细菌形态和界面作用情况进行研究以观察超细水镁石粉体对大肠杆菌生长过程的影响。实验结果表明：试验条件下超细水镁石对大肠杆茵的生长有明显促进作用,其中茵落数和β-半乳糖酸苷酶最大是细茵对照管的2倍和5倍左右,同时粉体中Mg^2＋的溶出量相对与粉尘对照管增加2倍～3倍,适量浓度的超细水镁石粉体对大肠杆茵的生长代谢有明显的促进作用。     

胶质芽孢杆菌－蒙脱石相互作用实验研究

利用硅酸盐细菌研究了微生物对硅酸盐矿物的分解作用。选取层状硅酸盐矿物蒙脱石在30℃与一株编号为3025的硅酸盐细菌B.mucilaginosus进行交互作用,并利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)分析溶液中Si、Al、Mg离子的出溶量,利用X射线衍射(XRD)和显微红外光谱(Micro-FTIR)分析微生物作用后矿物物相和微结构变化。发现经硅酸盐细菌作用后,蒙脱石化学成分及晶体结构发生了细微变化,为微生物活动促进粘土矿物分解作用研究提供了实验和理论依据。     

黑曲霉菌浸出蛇纹石尾矿中钴和镍的实验研究

利用黑曲霉茵浸出蛇纹石尾矿中钴和镍的实验显示出明显的浸出效果,实验中将黑曲霉菌加入含有蛇纹石尾矿粉体的培养液5 d后,对培养液中pH值以及Mg,Co,Ni等的含量变化分别进行测试:pH由7.60降到4.20后,SEM分析得出有茵体-矿物复合体形成;Mg浓度是未加细菌的浸出液中的2.25倍,Co浓度是未加细茵的浸出液中的3.39倍,Ni的浓度是未加细菌的浸出液中的2.38倍;FTIR分析得出600 cm-1,1 100cm-1,3 690 cm-13处谱峰明显下降,反映了还有镁等金属元素的浸出.此实验证实该方法可以作为对于蛇纹石尾矿中金属元素的再利用一种有效手段,进而也达到对金属元素污染的治理.     

广西南源洞硅灰石中石墨的赋存特征及其对硅灰石粉白度的影响

采用X射线衍射（XRD）及扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等方法对广西南源洞以层控接触热变质作用为主，并伴随有接触交代作用的叠加所形成的硅灰石矿石中的黑色碳质物的物相及存在特征进行了研究。发现硅灰石矿石中的碳质物为石墨，并分别与多种矿物紧密伴生，伴生情况有几种：（1）碳质物与硅灰石、方解石紧密伴生；（2）碳质物与石英、方解石紧密伴生；（3）碳质物仅与方解石紧密伴生；（4）碳质物呈尘埃状或星点状被包裹于硅灰石矿物颗粒中；（5）碳质物以浸染、渗透方式存在于硅灰石矿物颗粒中。欲将碳质物从硅灰石矿物中解离出来，至少要将矿石粉碎到0.043mm以下。另外，还就硅灰石中的碳质物对于硅灰石粉白度的影响进行了讨论。     

广西平乐硅灰石矿工艺矿物学研究

对广西平乐硅灰石矿的化学成分和矿物组成进行了分析确定，对硅灰石及其伴生矿物的结构构造特征进行了查定，主要对硅灰石中碳质物的赋存特征进行了研究，发现硅灰石矿石中的碳质物分别与硅灰石、方解石、石英等多种矿物以多种形式紧密伴生，认为要提高平乐硅灰石粉的白度，除了要尽可能除去透辉石、石榴石等矿物杂质及含铁、锰等的氧化物杂质外，关键还要使碳质物单体解离，并除去碳质物杂质。     

不同亚类硅酸盐矿物的中红外光谱学特征

利用热红外发射光谱研究了不同亚类硅酸盐矿物镁橄榄石、透闪石、蛇纹石和钠长石的红外发射光谱特征。在120oC时,通过对400～1650 cm-1的红外波段进行积分计算,发现硅酸盐矿物中镁橄榄石的发射率最高,可达到0.988,钠长石最低为0.947。硅酸盐矿物在850～1300cm-1区间均产生宽的低发射带,该发射带与硅氧四面体层中(Si,Al)-O的伸缩振动相关;在470 cm-1左右则形成相对尖锐的低发射带,与硅氧四面体层中(Si, Al)-O的弯曲振动相关。从岛状、链状、层状到架状硅酸盐矿物由于Si O2聚合程度依次增加,最强发射谷的位置依次向高频方向偏移,说明硅氧四面体中Si-O伸缩振动带的位置受到了n(Si)/n(O)比值的制约。此外,在辐射能量谱里,镁橄榄石、透闪石、蛇纹石和钠长石的最强辐射谷范围趋于变宽,依次为115、162、225和247 cm-1,反映了吸收的辐射能增加。综上可推测,硅酸盐矿物强的发射率可能与硅氧四面体中Si-O的振动模式、Si O2的聚合度、辐射能量谱中最强辐射谷的波长范围有关。     

黑曲霉菌的浸矿效果研究

采用原子吸收光谱(AAS)、扫描电子显薇镜/X射线能谱仅(SEM/EDS)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射物相分析(XRD)等手段研究了黑曲霉菌对蛇纹石尾矿的生物浸出效果,并对浸矿机理进行了探讨.结果发现,黑曲霉菌对尾矿的浸出当培养基的pH=6,加入蔗糖的量为10%时,浸矿效果最好;将浸矿前后的矿粉进行SEM/EDS发现:浸矿过程中,菌体与矿粉相互作用形成了菌体-矿物复合体;红外光谱表明:黑曲霉菌表面有结合金属的官能团,如羟基、羧基、氨基等,浸出矿粉后,1645 cm-1处的峰红移到1631cm-1,说明细胞上的多糖、蛋白质酰胺等参与了浸矿过程,但主要峰位未发生变化,说明细菌的主要成分和结构保持完整;XRD图谱发现:原尾矿与黑曲霉菌Asp-1#作用后,部分尾矿中的镁被浸出生成了新物质-有机酸镁.     

硅酸盐细菌解钾作用机理的综合效应

硅酸盐细菌能释放土壤含钾硅酸盐矿物中的磷、钾、硅等元素，直接供给植物生长利用，同时亦具有固氮能力。这为挖掘土壤潜在肥力、发展可持续农业提供了一条新的思路。本文分析了硅酸盐细菌对钾长石、伊利石的解钾作用过程，细菌-矿物复合体的形成，细菌对矿物的溶蚀作用，矿物晶体结构与细菌的解钾作用关系，复合体微环境的变化对细菌解钾作用的影响以及细菌对K^ 的主动吸收等，从微生物矿物学的角度讨论了硅酸盐细菌对含钾硅酸盐矿物解钾作用的机理问题，提出了硅酸盐细菌解钾作用综合效应的看法，并就农业生产上的利用问题指出，应根据当地的土壤环境，选择适宜的生产菌种和吸附剂，并配合使用其它化学肥料和有机肥料。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)