城市化进程区农业生态系统正负服务测算——以长安区为例

综合测评农业生态系统正负服务,对农业可持续发展、农业生态系统服务管理具有重要意义。采用TM遥感影像、实地调查及社会经济统计数据,应用生态系统服务研究理论与方法、Erdas及ArcGIS10.1软件平台,对负向农业生态系统服务的内涵进行界定,对研究区农业生态系统正负服务进行综合测算及格局分析。结果表明：（1）研究区净生态系统服务价值为33.36×10⁸元,正服务占主导地位。（2）总生态系统正服务在空间呈低、高、中带状分布规律,整体表现出由城镇中心地区向边缘区递增的趋势;负服务呈相反格局;净农业生态系统服务以面、带、点状交错分布,净服务为正值以大面积状分布于林地区域,净服务为负值的以带状、点状分布耕地、园地为主的地区。（3）与只测评生态系统正服务相比,能更客观地反映农业生态系统提供服务的实际能力及对人类的惠益。     

喀斯特和非喀斯特区农业景观格局变化及生态 系统服务价值变化对比——以广西全州县为例

选取广西壮族自治区典型喀斯特丘陵盆地——全州县为研究区,根据景观格局和生态系统服务价值相关理论,采用2005、2010和2015年TM遥感影像的解译结果及社会经济统计数据,借助ArcGIS和Fragstats软件,对比分析了2005―2015年全州县喀斯特区和非喀斯特区的农业景观格局和生态系统服务价值变化,结果显示：1）2005―2015年间全州县农业景观格局发生明显变化,但喀斯特区和非喀斯特区优势景观类型均未发生变化。2）10年间农业景观用地面积喀斯特区减少了472.23 hm2,非喀斯特区减少了476.28 hm2,但喀斯特区的减少率高于非喀斯特区;喀斯特区比非喀斯特区景观更加破碎,斑块形状更加分散、复杂,景观异质程度更高。3）研究期内喀斯特区生态系统服务价值减少0.01亿元,非喀斯特区生态系统服务价值增加0.04亿元。其中,有林地的减少对2个区域生态系统服务价值减少的贡献率均为最大,喀斯特区达到78%,非喀斯特区达到83%,水域景观的增加导致2个区域生态系统服务价值增加。     

基于三角图法的榆林市农业生态系统脆弱性类型变化研究

农业生态系统是农业可持续发展的基础,在全球气候变化引发的生态系统脆弱化背景下,开展农业生态系统脆弱性研究对今后制定区域农业生态环境发展政策、实现农业生态系统可持续发展具有重要的现实意义。以陕西省榆林市12个县（区）为研究单元,从农业环境子系统、生产投入子系统和社会经济子系统中选取24项指标构建农业生态系统脆弱性评价体系,运用赋权法、熵值法、综合指数法等数学方法,结合ArcGIS10.2、Grapher12软件,对2004—2017年榆林市农业生态系统脆弱性类型的演变特征分3个阶段研究,并选取2004、2009、2013、2017年4个具有代表性阶段的起始点作为断面节点,运用三角图法分析榆林市12个县（区）农业生态系统脆弱性类型的演变状况。结果表明：2004—2017年榆林市形成了5型农业生态系统脆弱性：①农业环境-生产投入-社会经济子系统均衡脆弱型（EPS型）;②生产投入-社会经济子系统脆弱型（PS型）;③农业环境-生产投入-社会经济子系统均衡脆弱型向生产投入-社会经济子系统脆弱型,再到农业环境-生产投入-社会经济子系统均衡脆弱型转变（EPS型→PS型→EPS型）;④农业环境-生产投入-社会经济子系统均衡脆弱型向生产投入-社会经济子系统脆弱型转变（EPS型→PS型）;⑤生产投入-社会经济子系统脆弱型向农业环境-生产投入-社会经济子系统均衡脆弱型转变（PS型→EPS型）。各子系统脆弱性程度在各个发展阶段均呈现出南部区域高于北部区域、南6县高于北6县的分布格局,与该地区农业生态环境的实际发展情况基本一致,但区域农业生态系统脆弱性程度总体上表现出逐年降低的趋势,表明了随着社会经济的不断发展,对农业生产和农业科技水平投入的增加,区域内抵抗农业生态系统脆弱性的能力也得到提升。     

生态补偿机制中若干关键科学问题——以甘南藏族自治州草地生态系统为例

以甘南州草地生态系统水源涵养服务为例,构建以机会成本、交易成本和实施成本为参数的参与成本模型确定生态补偿标准。基于生态补偿资金效率的考虑,构建以土地所有者提供的生态系统服务、土地所有者的参与成本和生态系统服务受损风险为参数的空间选择模型,以乡镇为研究单元,对生态补偿区域进行选择,采用聚类分析将全州划为5大等级补偿区:优先补偿区、次级优先补偿区、次级补偿区、临界补偿区和潜在补偿区或可能补偿区,并对各类补偿区的特征进行了分析。构建生态补偿额基尼系数与生态补偿资金效率评价模型,分别评价了补偿额在受偿群体和补偿区域中分配的公平性、合理性与不同等级补偿区的补偿效率。结果表明:①以草地生态系统服务功能的价值(4776.4元/hm²·a)和机会成本(621.3元/m²·a)作为补偿标准的上下限,结合参与成本确定甘南州草地生态系统补偿标准为1999.8元/hm²·a;②草地生态系统的补偿优先度与生态重要性、生态脆弱性呈现出吻合趋同的状态,即草地生态系统优先补偿区既是高效补偿区,又是重要生态区和生态脆弱区;③受偿者(草地生态系统水源涵养服务供给者)得到的补偿额有明显不均衡状态,而在补偿区域(草地生态系统)上的分配却处于绝对平均范围内;④草地生态系统补偿区的优先等级次序与补偿效率吻合,即草地生态系统的优先补偿区的补偿效率最高,每元获取的草地生态系统水源涵养服务为38.18,是临界补偿区的14.68倍;次级优先补偿区的效率仅次于优先补偿区,每元补偿的生态系统服务为21.02。     

三江源地区各类生态系统土壤的 性状及其形成能力

土壤形成是MA框架下生态系统支持功能的基本内容。运用GIS空间分析功能,测算了青海三江源区生态系统支持功能,结果表明:①源区土壤形成和生态系统支持功能呈从东南向西北降低的趋势;②源区各生态系统土壤形成的支持功能具有湿地生态系统>森林和草地生态系统>农田生态系统>荒漠和裸土地及裸岩石砾地的特点;③源区各生态系统支持功能具有从湿地生态系统、森林生态系统、草地生态系统、农田生态系统到荒漠和裸土地及裸岩石砾地依次降低的趋势;④草地生态系统退化诱导草地土壤形成功能的退化,进而驱使草地生态系统支持功能的降低;⑤强度人为干扰造成生态系统土壤各种性状向退化方向发展,土壤形成及生态系统支持功能下降。结果有助于丰富人们从土壤形成视角,对生态系统支持功能的理解和认识。     

我国南方山区土壤退化及其防治

我国南方山区土壤退化成因主要是土壤及生态系统的脆弱性、人地系统矛盾尖锐、土壤侵蚀的动力作用、盲目开发和工矿建设的影响．应从建设本区稳定平衡的生态系统、调整农业结构、建立持续发展的农业优化模式和政策上采取防治土壤退化的措施．     

基于土地利用变化的甘肃省黄河流域生态系统服务价值研究北大核心CSCD

为探究1995—2020年甘肃省黄河流域基于土地利用的生态系统服务价值时空变化,选取甘肃省黄河流域1995、2000、2005、2010、2015、2020年6期土地利用数据,分别利用土地利用动态度、土地利用程度指数和土地利用转移矩阵分析了研究区土地利用时空变化特征;通过对单个生态系统服务价值当量的经济价值进行修正,计算分析了研究区6个不同时期的生态系统服务价值,进而探讨了研究区土地利用程度对生态系统服务价值的影响。结果表明:(1)1995—2020年,研究区耕地和未利用地面积总体减小,林地、草地、水域和建设用地面积总体增加,变化最大的是建设用地;(2)1995—2020年,研究区草地的土地利用程度最高,其他地类转为草地的面积最大;(3)1995—2020年,研究区生态系统服务价值总体呈增加趋势,共增加5.104亿元;(4)从2020年土地利用类型来看,草地的生态系统服务价值最大,达255.016亿元;从2020年生态系统服务类型来看,保持土壤生态服务价值最大,达87.94亿元;从生态敏感性指数来看,研究区生态系统服务价值敏感性指数均<1,研究结果可信;从生态系统服务加之分级来看,中级比重较大,面积占比为82.07%;(5)研究区土地利用程度与生态系统服务价值呈显著负相关,相关系数为0.912。     

甘肃省农业生态系统能值演变与趋势

应用能值分析的方法,研究了甘肃省1991-2010年农业生态系统的能值投入及产出结构,并通过计算、对比能值评价指标,分析了甘肃省农业生态系统的发展状况及变化趋势。结果显示：（1）近20年来,甘肃省农业生态系统的能值投入和产出都呈现增长趋势,系统能值产出的增长速度（85%）高于能值投入的增长速度（21%）;（2）环境资源对甘肃省农业生态系统的贡献很大,但农业生态系统仍主要依赖于经济能值的投入（化肥、农药、农用机械、电力等）,农业生态系统的产出能值以种植业和畜牧业为主,农业结构得到改善,系统稳定性得到加强;（3）甘肃省农业的机械化水平和农业技术逐步提高,系统的生产效率逐步增强,但仍然处于低水平发展阶段,属于消费型农业生态系统,具有较为明显的粗放式发展特征;（4）甘肃省应注重发展生态农业,减少化肥、农药、农膜等对系统生态环境所造成的干扰。     

四川省农业生态系统能值分析与可持续性评估——基于五大经济区差异分析

应用能值分析方法评估四川省五大经济区农业生态系统的发展趋势及可持续性。2000—2012年,四川省农业生态系统产值不断增加,而产值的增加主要依靠工业辅助能的大量投入,从而导致农业生态系统环境承载力和可持续发展能力减弱;五大经济区农业生态系统发展状况差异较大,成都、川南、攀西以及川西北经济区农业生态系统可持续性发展能力较弱,川东北经济区农业生态系统富有活力和发展潜力。在能值分析基础上,运用柯布-道格拉斯生产函数,探讨了四川省五大经济区农业生态系统中相关生产要素对农业生态系统产出能值的影响。五大经济区农业生态系统能值产出受各生产要素的影响不同,成都、川南经济区受水资源能值投入的影响最大,川东北、攀西以及川西北经济区受劳动力能值投入影响最大。     

川中丘陵区农业生态系统的演替

利用调查与观测资料分析川中丘陵典型区土地利用变化与耕地演替及其对农业生态系统的影响。结果表明，川中丘陵区土地利用结构在近30a内发生了巨大变化，尤其林地与旱耕地的消长促发了农业生态系统结构的演替，导致农林复合生态系统的形成，同时农田生态系统结构趋于复杂，随着施肥、水土保持等农田管理技术的进步，以土壤侵蚀为主的土地退化得到有效控制，农作物产量大幅增长，水稻、玉米、小麦、油菜单产分别较建国初期增长约2－5倍，农业生态系统呈正向演替趋势。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

REVIEWS OF GEOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE

Reviews of geographic software in this article: DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS. ESP GAUSS. CEMODEL S. Damus LIMDEP. William H. Greene MICROSTAT 4.1 OTIS PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System) . H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein. REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS) SPSS/PC+ URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.     

Guidelines to Authors

1. Aims and scope
Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions （SCAR） is a bimonthly journal that publishes in English the latest research achievements in processes and the pattems of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions. Researches in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,