流域水资源丰富度评价的模糊综合评判

针对流域水资源丰富度各等级之间的模糊性，在考虑水资源各影响要素权重大小的基础上，运用模糊综合评判方法建立流域水资源丰富程度评价模型。并将该方法用于辽西沿海诸河流域水资源的丰富度评价。计算方法简便，结论直观，且该文［２］的评价结果更加符合客观实际。     

滑坡地段隧道变形整治中抗滑桩的设计方法

针对滑坡地段隧道变形整治中抗滑桩的设计问题，提出了典型的抗滑桩类型及各类抗滑桩的适用条件，指出了确定抗滑桩合理位置的方法，讨论了抗滑桩设计中应注意的问题，并对具体的设计过程进行了举例说明。     

地理信息检索中空间相似性度量的一种模糊方法

一般使用地理信息检索技术提取互联网中以文本方式存在的地理信息,检索返回结果的排序需充分考虑其空间范围的相似性。但传统的空间相似性计算方式忽视了以文本形式存在的地理信息所隐藏的模糊性,从而导致片面性和局限性。该文对文本中以空间陈述形式存在的地理信息进行深入分析,将模糊性因素主要归纳为参照对象和空间关系。通过引入不确定场模型来描述每个因素对模糊性的贡献程度,整合得到空间陈述的模糊footprint表达,建立文档与查询的模糊footprint表达模型。在此基础上,提出了空间相似性模糊度量的计算方法,根据空间相似度对返回的检索结果进行排序。实验结果显示,该方法能够更好地反映空间检索的模糊性,更好地衡量空间检索和网页文档在空间位置上的相似程度,从而在检索结果的排序上优于传统方法。     

澜沧江中下游斜坡稳定性评价预测的理论与方法探讨

本文以澜沧江下游流域边坡稳定性评价为实例，对模糊评判模型的应用问题和处理技术进行了论述。认为该模型简便实用、效果稳健、适应性强，是边坡稳定性评价工作中适宜推广的一个实用模型。此外，文中还提出了用于模糊评判模型的信息检验法，讨论了这一方法在遴选有效评价因子和优化模型效能中的作用。     

模糊综合评价-聚类复合模型在地下水质评价与分区中的应用

模糊综合评价法的评价结果具有模糊性，简单依据最大隶属度原则确定评价结果存在不足，笔者提出了模糊综合评价与模糊聚类分析相结合进行地下水质评价与分区的复合模型，并以MATLAB为平台开发了模型计算的常用函数。尝试将模型应用于抚州市地下水环境质量评价与分区，取得良好结果。     

水资源承载能力的模糊综合评价研究

水资源承载力涉及到整个资源、经济、环境大系统,其是否协调是全球关注的重大问题.充分理解水资源承载力的概念,根据水资源承载力分析的结构特点,在传统多目标分析决策技术的基础上,分析了承载力评价的多级模糊综合评判方法,建立了水环境承载力多级模糊综合评判评价模型,并应用于四川省都江堰灌区水资源承载力评价.结果表明,提出的多级模糊综合评判由于综合考虑了评价因素的层次性和模糊性,其结果较一级模糊综合评判方法更符合实际.     

抗滑桩试验研究

抗滑桩,作为滑坡防治的一项工程措施,它较为优越,现已得到普遍采用。 然而目前抗滑桩的设计与计算方法尚不一致,也不完善。其中最大的分歧是,抗滑桩在受力条件或计算力学模式方面,是否与普通地基中的侧向受荷桩完全相同;或者     

制图数据的模糊分级处理模型研究

传统的制图数据分级方法存在对原始数据信息的歪曲、普适性不强及计算复杂等问题。基于此,结合现实分级问题的模糊性,提出基于模糊统计分析模型的制图数据分级处理方法。首先通过专家系统获取各模糊样本集,利用统计分析方法求得样本分布函数;然后利用分布函数获得模糊隶属函数,进而求取各模糊集的最模糊点;最后根据最模糊点获得各模糊集的区域划分,从而实现对制图数据的分级处理。该方法不需要对影响级别划分的多因子进行分析和转换,降低了计算的复杂度;另外,该方法是在获得原始数据实际分布的基础上进行的,在后续的分级过程中避免了对原始数据信息的歪曲。     

基于三角模糊数随机模拟的地下水环境系统综合风险评价模型

采用随机模拟方法模拟三角模糊数,把三角模糊数及函数间运算简化为普通的实数之间运算,建立基于三角模糊数随机模拟的地下水环境系统综合风险评价模型(ARA-SSTFN)。结果说明:以置信区间形式表示的ARA-SSTFN评价结果,比现有常规方法结果提供评价结果可靠性方面更多信息,能反映受多种不确定性因素综合影响的地下水环境系统综合风险评价客观实际情况;ARA-SSTFN在流域水资源、水环境和水旱灾害等有随机性、模糊性和数据资料不精确等多种不确定性因素综合作用的各种资源环境系统综合风险评价问题中有推广应用价值。     

基于多目标分析的石羊河流域水资源优化配置研究

 在论述区域水资源可持续利用与水资源承载能力关系的前提下,运用多目标多阶段分析法,建立了石羊河流域水资源优化配置模型,并计算了2010年、2020年的水资源最佳分配量。结果表明,水资源配置常遇到许多不确定性或模糊性问题,需要不确定型或模糊模型予以解决。开发建立多层次、多用户的面向对象的交互式模拟与优化耦合模型,可以解决水资源配置的许多实际问题。     

Fuzzy reasoning in the development of geographical information systems FRSIS: a prototype soil information system with fuzzy retrieval capabilities

Abstract

The characteristics of a soil information system based on the fuzzy relational database model as defined by Zemankova-Leech and Kandel are presented. The proposed system maintains all the advantages of the more conventional relational implementations but enhances them in two ways: (1) the system can cope with incomplete or even imprecise data; and (2) the users are allowed to express their subjective view of the stored data. The retrieval and processing of data approximately resemble the way that humans think and reason. The INGRES relational database management system was used for the implementation of the system.     

山丘区工程滑坡分类与灾害防治

通过对山丘区由于基本建设过程中人为处置不当引发的工程滑坡实例的分析,按滑坡成因将工程滑坡分为：场地选址不当、切脚开挖且放坡过陡、斜坡加载填土不当和环山渠渗漏降低土体抗滑力等5类。在此基础上提出了工程滑坡灾害的防治对策和治理措施,并建议在山丘区工程滑坡治理中,优先选用预应力锚固桩。     

一种基于规则的模糊中文地址分词匹配方法

在研究分析地址模型的基础上,建立了存储标准地址数据集的标准地址库和自定义的地址匹配规则库,提出了一种基于规则的模糊中文地址编码方法。该方法在依据标准地址库分词的同时,也沿着自定义的地址匹配规则进行推理,从而缩小了下次分词所用到的目标数据集,提高了系统执行效率。另外,通过借助构建的规则树与歧义栈,提高了文中定义的两类模糊地址匹配的成功率。最后,基于该算法建立了一个地理编码原型系统,并利用经济普查项目中的相关数据对算法的可用性进行了验证。     

Fuzzy information representation and processing in conventional GIS software: database design and application

Currently used methods for representing geographical information are inadequate because they do not tolerate imprecision. This leads to information loss and inaccuracy in analysis. Such expressive inadequacy is largely due to the underlying membership concept of classical set theory. To improve information processing in GIS research and application, an alternative membership concept is required. In this paper, we explore the inadequacy imposed upon geographical information representation by classical set theory and address the problems of information loss. A fuzzy relational data model is defined which is more representative for geographical information. A GIS database for agricultural land resource management is created by using the data model and a new technique for assessing land suitability is developed. The fuzzy representation largely facilitates data analysis in this GIS. The methods are tested with data from North Java, Indonesia using a vector-based GIS software package, Arc Info, and the analysis results are presented.     

Fuzzy Weights of Evidence Method and Its Application in Mineral Potential Mapping

This paper proposes a new approach of weights of evidence method based on fuzzy sets and fuzzy probabilities for mineral potential mapping. It can be considered as a generalization of the ordinary weights of evidence method, which is based on binary or ternary patterns of evidence and has been used in conjunction with geographic information systems for mineral potential mapping during the past few years. In the newly proposed method, instead of separating evidence into binary or ternary form, fuzzy sets containing more subjective genetic elements are created; fuzzy probabilities are defined to construct a model for calculating the posterior probability of a unit area containing mineral deposits on the basis of the fuzzy evidence for the unit area. The method can be treated as a hybrid method, which allows objective or subjective definition of a fuzzy membership function of evidence augmented by objective definition of fuzzy or conditional probabilities. Posterior probabilities calculated by this method would depend on existing data in a totally data-driven approach method, but depend partly on expert's knowledge when the hybrid method is used. A case study for demonstration purposes consists of application of the method to gold deposits in Meguma Terrane, Nova Scotia, Canada.     

北疆铁路沿线主要城市环境质量评价

运用系统工程的思想，建立了干旱区区域环境质量综合评价指标体系，选取了城市大气、地表水、地下水、固体废弃物、绿化覆盖率等作为评价因子，提出城市环境质量影响程序的等级划分和标准体纱。用多因素模糊综合评价模型，对这个带状区域的城市环境质量作了评价，在单项因子评价的基础上，又用加权迭加法进行了总体评价，从而获得了该区域环境质量的总况，为区域开发决策提供了科学依据。     

Multi-level Optimization of Reservoir Scheduling Using Multi-resolution Wavelet-Based Up-scaled Models

This paper presents a multi-level procedure for production and injection scheduling through a numerical model-based optimization of well control variables. To calculate the net present value (NPV), the objective function of optimization, this procedure uses a number of discretized systems for a reservoir model with different degrees of up-scaling prepared according to a multi-resolution wavelet technique. These up-scaled models were incorporated into optimization based on a probability function. In early optimization iterations, due to the necessity to explore the search space quickly, the coarsest grid model has a higher chance for selection than the others; however, by a selection (with a low probability) of the finest up-scaled grid model in these iterations, solutions and objective function were tuned. In the later iterations of optimization, the finest up-scaled grid model probability was the highest in order to ensure the reliability of the final solution. The optimization algorithm is an adaptive simulated annealing algorithm coupled with a polytope. This procedure was evaluated in two case studies. The first case study was a horizontal 2D oil model with water flooding. The second case study was a vertical 2D oil model with gas injection. The results show that the proposed optimization procedure provides approximately the same accuracy compared to the situation in which the fine grid model is used for all the optimization iterations. Also, the run-time for the proposed optimization procedure is comparable to the run-time of the optimization in which only the coarsest grid model is used to calculate objective function. Moreover, the superiority of the wavelet-based up-scaling over an analogous multiple grid system optimization using uniformly up-scaled models is presented.

     

SCE-UA算法在流溪河模型参数优选中的应用

流溪河模型是一个主要用于流域洪水预报的分布式物理水文模型,目前采用手工试错法优选模型参数,虽然该方法在过去的研究中取得了较好的效果,但参数优选过程较为繁琐,需时较长.文中以广州市流溪水库流域为例,采用SCE-UA算法对流溪河模型优选参数,并使用优选结果进行模拟检验,取得了较好的效果.研究表明,SCE-UA算法能够快速、有效地进行流溪河模型参数的优选,相比手工试错法具有简单、方便、高效的特点,可应用于分布式流域水文模型的参数自动化优选工作.     

Ant intelligence for solving optimal path‐covering problems with multi‐objectives

Conventional methods have difficulties in forming optimal paths when raster data are used and multi‐objectives are involved. This paper presents a new method of using ant colony optimization (ACO) for solving optimal path‐covering problems on unstructured raster surfaces. The novelty of this proposed ACO includes the incorporation of a couple of distinct features which are not present in classical ACO. A new component, the direction function, is used to represent the ‘visibility’ in the path exploration. This function is to guide an ant walking toward the final destination more efficiently. Moreover, a utility function is proposed to reflect the multi‐objectives in planning applications. Experiments have shown that classical ACO cannot be used to solve this type of path optimization problems. The proposed ACO model can generate near optimal solutions by using hypothetical data in which the optimal solutions are known. This model can also find the near optimal solutions for the real data set with a good convergence rate. It can yield much higher utility values compared with other common conventional models.     

基于IMOP的流域环境-经济系统规划

流域是涵盖众多因素的复杂巨系统,其健康持续的发展需要科学的综合规划。作者采用不确定性多目标规划 (IMOP) 模型来研究这一复杂系统。该模型是传统多目标规划法的一种拓展,它将多种系统组分纳入一个框架综合考虑,较好地协调多个目标,尤其能有效处理系统中的不确定性信息。基于此模型,针对流域环境-经济系统特点,建立了流域环境-经济系统不确定性多目标规划模型 (IMOPWEES)。同时,将模型运用于四川省邛海流域规划,得到2种情景不同阶段下的优化方案,以种植结构、旅游服务业结构、水资源配置、污染物排放、森林扩展及水土流失为例予以结果说明和情景比较。研究表明,IMOPWEES用于流域环境-经济系统规划,具有科学性,实用性和可操作性,其为流域相关研究工作提供了一种有效工具。