我国“海洋1”号卫星(HY-1)CCD图像数据定量化条带消除研究

条带(striping)对于大量的航天和航空传感器来说是一种普遍存在的现象,任何使用多个探测器进行数据获取的遥感器图像数据中均存在条带.目前消除条带的算法主要是针对光机扫描仪,对于CCD相机工作做得比较少.针对HY-1CCD线阵推扫式多光谱相机的特点,以及发射前辐射定标的结果,对遥感器图像数据中的条带问题进行了预研,提出了一种定量化的消条带算法.该方法根据卫星数据特性求出各探测器间的均衡化曲线以反映探测器之间的差异,并据此来消除条带.实验结果表明该方法能够有效解决CCD相机的条带问题,而且可以保持数据原有的物理意义,并可与在轨辐射校正衔接,保证发射前后定标算法的一致性.     

线阵CCD推扫式影像的投影误差特性分析

分析了几种常见成像方式下线阵CCD推扫式影像底点的具体位置,然后重点研究了线阵CCD推扫式影像投影误差的特性,特别是推导出了几种常见成像方式下线阵CCD推扫式影像的投影误差与人工地物高度的关系,为利用单幅线阵CCD推扫式影像投影误差确定人工地物高度和像底点在摄影测量与遥感中的应用提供了依据。     

Wave measurement based on light refraction

Some authors have developed a few methods of measuring wave slopes based on light refraction, including the measurement method via the distribution of light intensity or color under water. A new method based on light refraction is specified for the measurement of wave surface elevation in wave flume via imaging technology. A plane painted with black and white stripes is put on the flume floor as an indication plane, which can be arranged easily and cheaply. Compared with the previous methods, the present method is less sensitive to the noise and nonlinear effects of optical process, which can be taken as a digital method. The CCD camera is fixed above the flume with its optical axis arranged vertically to grab the images of stripes modulated by the wave surface. The modulated value can be calculated from the Hilbert transform, and then the wave surface elevation can be obtained. The algorithm and experimental procedure are specified in detail, and some experimental results are provided to show the validity of the present method.     

Wave measurement based on light refraction

Some authors have developed a few methods of measuring wave slopes based on light refraction, including the measurement method via the distribution of light intensity or color under water. A new method based on light refraction is specified for the measurement of wave surface elevation in wave flume via imaging technology. A plane painted with black and white stripes is put on the flume floor as an indication plane, which can be arranged easily and cheaply. Compared with the previous methods, the present method is less sensitive to the noise and nonlinear effects of optical process, which can be taken as a digital method. The CCD camera is fixed above the flume with its optical axis arranged vertically to grab the images of stripes modulated by the wave surface. The modulated value can be calculated from the Hilbert transform, and then the wave surface elevation can be obtained. The algorithm and experimental procedure are specified in detail, and some experimental results are provided to show the validity of the present method.     

Image processing of underwater multispectral imagery

Capturing in situ fluorescence images of marine organisms presents many technical challenges. The effects of the medium, as well as the particles and organisms within it, are intermixed with the desired signal. Methods for extracting and preparing the imagery for analysis are discussed in reference to a novel underwater imaging system called the low-light-level underwater multispectral imaging system (LUMIS). The instrument supports both uni- and multispectral collections, each of which is discussed in the context of an experimental application. In unispectral mode, LUMIS was used to investigate the spatial distribution of phytoplankton. A thin sheet of laser light (532 nm) induced chlorophyll fluorescence in the phytoplankton, which was recorded by LUMIS. Inhomogeneities in the light sheet led to the development of a beam-pattern-correction algorithm. Separating individual phytoplankton cells from a weak background fluorescence field required a two-step procedure consisting of edge detection followed by a series of binary morphological operations. In multispectral mode, LUMIS was used to investigate the bio-assay potential of fluorescent pigments in corals. Problems with the commercial optical-splitting device produced nonlinear distortions in the imagery. A tessellation algorithm, including an automated tie-point-selection procedure, was developed to correct the distortions. Only pixels corresponding to coral polyps were of interest for further analysis. Extraction of these pixels was performed by a dynamic global-thresholding algorithm.     

Combining Lidar Elevation Data and IKONOS Multispectral Imagery for Coastal Classification Mapping

This article studies the effect of airborne lidar (surface) elevation data on the classification of multispectral IKONOS images over a coastal area. The lidar data and IKONOS images are treated as independent multiple bands to conduct the classification. To do so, the lidar elevation data is first resampled to the same ground spacing interval and stretched to the same radiometric range as the IKONOS images. An unsupervised classification based on the ISODATA algorithm is then used to determine a class schema of six classes: road, water, marsh, roof, tree, and sand. Training sites and checking sites are selected over the lidar-IKONOS merged data set for the subsequent supervised classification and quality evaluation. The complete confusion matrices and average quality indices are presented to assess and compare the classification results. It is shown that the inclusion of the lidar elevation data benefits the separation of classes that have similar spectral characteristics, such as roof and road, water and marsh. The overall classification errors, especially the false positive errors, are reduced by up to 50%. Moreover, by using the lidar elevation data, the classification results show more realistic and homogeneous distribution of geographic features. This property will benefit the subsequent vectorization of the classification maps and the integration of the vector data into a geographical information system.     

Combining Lidar Elevation Data and IKONOS Multispectral Imagery for Coastal Classification Mapping

This article studies the effect of airborne lidar (surface) elevation data on the classification of multispectral IKONOS images over a coastal area. The lidar data and IKONOS images are treated as independent multiple bands to conduct the classification. To do so, the lidar elevation data is first resampled to the same ground spacing interval and stretched to the same radiometric range as the IKONOS images. An unsupervised classification based on the ISODATA algorithm is then used to determine a class schema of six classes: road, water, marsh, roof, tree, and sand. Training sites and checking sites are selected over the lidar-IKONOS merged data set for the subsequent supervised classification and quality evaluation. The complete confusion matrices and average quality indices are presented to assess and compare the classification results. It is shown that the inclusion of the lidar elevation data benefits the separation of classes that have similar spectral characteristics, such as roof and road, water and marsh. The overall classification errors, especially the false positive errors, are reduced by up to 50%. Moreover, by using the lidar elevation data, the classification results show more realistic and homogeneous distribution of geographic features. This property will benefit the subsequent vectorization of the classification maps and the integration of the vector data into a geographical information system.     

定量化条带消除算法应用于成像光谱仪数据的预处理

遥感图像处理中纵向条带消除算法多注重图像的目视效果 ,大大限制了其应用 ,特别是在海洋上的应用。通过实验研究 ,提出使用一种定量化条带消除算法对成像光谱仪的数据进行处理 ,不仅有效解决了数据中的条带问题 ,且保持了数据原有的物理意义 ,更有实用意义     

一种改进的Curvelet变换遥感影像融合方法

提出了一种改进的Curvelet变换的融合算法,以IKONOS影像为样本数据,融合过程中将原全色波段与多光谱影像中未参与HIS分解的波段进行加权组合,形成新全色分量,再将此分量与明度分量分别进行第二代Curvelet变换,以形成新明度分量,HIS逆变换后形成融合影像。并与改进的HIS变换融合、传统的HIS变换与Curvelet变换结合的融合算法相比较,结果表明,改进的方法能增加融合影像的信息量,降低光谱扭曲度,提高融合影像与原多光谱影像的相似度。     

基于遥感影像边界特性对南海海洋内波检测算法研究 *

海洋内波在海洋活动中扮演重要角色。海洋内波研究对我国海洋科学的理论研究、海洋资源的保护、开发和利用以及海洋军事等方面均具有重要意义。为了及时发现海洋内波的发生地点以及对海洋内波参数进行定量分析, 本研究基于合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar, SAR)影像中内波明暗条纹的边界特性, 提出了一种集成的海洋内波检测算法: 主要运用列分离邻域处理和Canny算子边缘检测算法对条纹进行检测, 并利用海洋内波的轮廓长度、面积比值及传播方向三个特征对条纹进行筛选, 并将该算法应用于南海发生的多起海洋内波, 以验证算法的鲁棒性和适用性。研究结果表明, 该算法能够较好地识别出海洋内波的明暗条纹, 不仅能够除去非内波条纹的轮廓, 而且能够去除一些细小且不明显的内波条纹轮廓。利用余弦函数逐像素地对识别后的条纹进行拟合, 然后根据拟合结果找出明暗条纹所在位置以及相邻明暗条纹之间的间距, 从而判定出内波发生的位置。     

多光谱遥感影像的光谱规则分类算法修正及海岛、海岸带应用

在光谱规则分类算法(Spectral Rule-based Classifier, SRC)基础上考虑大气校正对遥感影像光谱反射率的影响,提出了一种改进光谱规则的分类算法(Modified Spectral Rule-based Classifier, MSRC),从地物光谱响应曲线和光谱指数两个方面来修正光谱规则集,通过规则细化和补充、阈值改正优化光谱类别。以珠江三角洲海岛(佳蓬、淇澳)和海岸带(荃湾、惠东)的Landsat 8影像作为实验数据,对比了大气校正前后波段反射率和地物光谱响应曲线,分析了改进后MSRC算法的地物分类结果和精度,并与原SRC算法、最小距离分类(MDC)算法、最大似然分类(MLC)算法、支持向量机分类(SVM)算法、神经网络分类(NNC)算法以及基于光谱指数的算法等多种地物分类算法进行比较。结果表明,4组实验数据的MSRC算法分类结果总体精度分别为87.66%、82.38%、77.67%和80.05%,高于SRC、MDC、MLC和基于光谱指数的分类算法,在无需人工标注训练数据集的前提下接近SVM和NNC算法的分类精度。MSRC算法适用于海岛和海岸带的Lands...     

一种针对滩涂LiDAR强度信息的条带噪声修正方法

针对滩涂机载激光雷达(LiDAR)数据的强度信息中存在的条带噪声,提出一种基于非线性RANSAC拟合强度联合直方图的修正算法。所提方法首先利用两个航带重叠区域数据的最近点构建强度联合直方图,之后强度联合直方图上利用二阶多项式构建归一化模型,再利用非线性RANSAC算法对二阶多项式进行拟合,最后利用拟合的二阶多项式对一条航带的数据进行强度修正,从而消除两个航带点云强度信息的不匹配现象。实验表明,相比于直接利用权重最小二乘法或RANSAC方法匹配联合直方图的强度修正方法,本文方法修正效果更好,且修正后航带重叠区的点云强度具有更好的同质性。     

利用多波段卫星数据进行浅海水深反演方法研究

以遥感反演水深的基本原理为基础,利用我国南海永暑礁景区的TM数据和实测水深资料,通过TM多波段数据辐射校正、图像与海图地理配推、底质类型分区、潮汐改正和实测水深数据与相应的图像辐射值回归分析,建立了浅海水深反演模型,并进行了浅海岛礁水深的实际计算,总标准误差为2．14m。对我国南海30m以浅岛礁水深地形研究有很好的应用价值。     

线阵CCD影像多视匹配模型研究

针对线阵CCD影像,分析了GC^3多视匹配模型,引入了MVLL多视匹配模型。研究了GC^3与MVLL多视匹配模型的工作过程,综合比较了两种模型的异同。利用ADS40影像,针对相似、遮挡特征,做了多视匹配试验。结果表明,多视匹配模型能够综合利用多张重叠影像信息,提高匹配可靠性,具有较高的匹配优势。     

基于Kongsberg EM多波束的Snippet数据处理方法

多波束声呐记录的海底后向散射片段(Snippet)数据处理成角度响应曲线和地理编码(Mosaic)图像可以 帮助识别海底底质类型和反映地貌形态,这一过程包括辐射校正、角度响应改正(AVG)和几何地理编码,但不同的多波束系统硬件在辐射校正和角度响应改正方法上存在差异且传统处理方法忽略了声呐系统本身的指向性模型随时间变化的事实。以声呐方程为基础,针对Kongsberg EM 多波束系统提出了一套完整的Snippet数据处理流程,并分析了各步骤中存在的可变性,给出了每一步的处理建议,最后将此方法应用于EM2040浅水多波束实测数据,并验证了该方法的有效性和实用性。     

侧扫声纳图像增强技术

随着海洋探测技术的飞速发展,侧扫声纳的图像质量和定位精度迅速提高,其应用日益广泛和深入。在声纳图像判读分析时,常常需要进行辐射改正和均衡增强。根据海底地貌声纳图像的特点,归纳了几种有效、适用的图像增强方法,并建立了声纳图像分析软件。     

Digital preprocessing techniques for GLORIA II sonar images

Image processing techniques are discussed that correct distortions in GLORIA II side scan sonar imagery including water column offset, slant-range distortion, multiple returns, aspect ratio, speckle noise, striping, and cross-track power drop-off. The software operates within NASA's ELAS image processing system and is applied to the original 12-bit GLORIA II data. Procedures are discussed for generating large scale mosaics and three-dimensional overlays with sea floor bathymetry. The results are shown in four sonographs acquired off the southern coast of California.     

无人机载线阵摆扫CCD影像几何校正

针对无人机载线阵CCD传感器摆扫成像的技术特点,利用GPS/INS组合导航系统提供的导航遥测数据,对无人机载的线阵摆扫CCD影像建立了严格的成像模型,并设计了详细的几何校正流程。实验结果证实采用文中的成像模型和几何校正流程,可获得正确、高精度地理编码的线阵摆扫CCD正射影像。     

基于改进标记分水岭的高分辨率遥感影像海岸水边线提取方法

利用遥感技术快速提取海岸线是一种重要的技术手段,针对传统分水岭算法在高分辨率多光谱卫星数据处理中存在的过分割和抗干扰能力差的问题,本文提出了一种基于扩展极值变换标记分水岭的算法.首先通过形态学重建、扩展极值变换等方法建立前景和背景标记,初步抑制灰度极小值和极大值区域,然后依据这两类标记对梯度图像进行修正,进而进行分水岭...     

Satellite Remote Sensing as a Reconnaissance Tool for Assessing Nautical Chart Adequacy and Completeness

National hydrographic offices need a better means of assessing the adequacy of existing nautical charts in order to plan and prioritize future hydrographic surveys. The ability to derive bathymetry from multispectral satellite imagery is a topic that has received considerable attention in scientific literature. However, published studies have not addressed the ability of satellite-derived bathymetry to meet specific hydrographic survey requirements. Specifically, the bathymetry needs to be referenced to a chart datum and statistical uncertainty estimates of the bathymetry should be provided. Ideally, the procedure should be based on readily-available, low-cost software, tools, and data. This paper describes the development and testing of a procedure using publicly-available, multispectral satellite imagery to map and portray shallow-water bathymetry in a GIS environment for three study sites: Northeast United States, Nigeria, and Belize. Landsat imagery and published algorithms were used to derive estimates of the bathymetry in shallow waters, and uncertainty of the satellite-derived bathymetry was then assessed using a Monte Carlo method. Results indicate that the practical procedures developed in this study are suitable for use by national hydrographic offices.