宁夏地区地磁转换函数变化及其与近震的关系

计算分析了银川台１９８３年１月～１９９６年１０月的地磁周期Ｔ＝９～２００ｍｉｎ的复转换函数Ａ的模｜Ａ｜、总误差σｚ和帕金森矢量或韦氏矢量,并将其在银川台４００ｋｍ范围内８次中强地震发生时的变化进行了研究。结果表明：周期为１２、２０、２６、３５、４５、６０、７５、９０ｍｉｎ的｜Ａ｜、σｚ磁方位角αｐ及其方差Δαｐ在震前有明显的异常变化,帕金森矢量或韦氏矢量在震前指向震中。     

格尔木台地磁短周期变化与周围地震的对应关系

计算分析了位于青藏高原东北部的格尔木地磁台１９８７年１月至１９９７年３月的地磁周期Ｔ＝９～２００ｍｉｎ的复转换函数Ａ的模｜Ａ｜、Ｂ的模｜Ｂ｜、总方差σｚ的帕金森矢量或韦氏矢量,并将其与同期格尔木周围３５０ｋｍ范围内ＭＳ≥５．０的８个地震进行了对比研究,发现周期为９,７５ｍｉｎ的｜Ａ｜、周期为９ｍｉｎ的｜Ｂ｜在震前有明显异常,总方差σｚ亦有一定的对应效果,帕金森或韦氏矢量在震前指向震中位置。     

地磁短周期变化异常对中国中强地震的响应

我们考察了发生在中国的１１个具有代表性的地震后发现。地震前地磁短周期转换函数的帕金森矢量或韦氏矢量指向震中方向，转换函数│Ａ│或│Ｂ│值明显偏离正常值以及总误差δｚ显著增大，均为未来地震的发生和震中方向提供了判断依据。应用此法，我们成功地预报了Ｍｓ５．１地震。中国地震科技工作者认为，震前地磁短周期变化异常是客观存在的。物理基础是清楚的，是有希望的地震短临预报方法。     

乌鲁木齐台地磁短周期变化与邻区地震

利用转换函数方法计算自理了乌鲁木齐台１９９０年１月～１９９７年１２月地磁短周期Ｔ为９～２００ｍｉｎ的复转换函数Ａ、Ｂ之模Ａ、Ｂ、总方差σz以及帕金森矢量,并对其 在乌鲁木齐地区２５０ｋｍ范围内１５次４．０～５．７级地震发生前后的变化进行了研究。结果表明：不同周期的转换函数Ａ、Ｂ以及总方差σz值在震前均有明显异常。     

喀什台地磁短周期变化特征与周围地震对应关系

在地震孕育过程中,由于应力的集中、积累、释放,使得应变场内介质磁性发生变化。特别是短周期的地磁异常变化与地震发生前后的地磁扰动密切相关。采用地磁短周期转换函数方法,用喀什地磁台1990－1998年的地磁观测资料,分析计算得出1990年以来几次6级以上强震包括伽师地震前后,周期为9－200分钟的地磁短周期转换函数│A│、│B│、总方差σz及帕金森矢量参数、相应的频率响应关系。     

陕西地区单台Z／H地磁测深研究

应用陕西地磁台网Ｓｑ资料和单台Ｚ／Ｈ地磁测深法对陕西地区地下电导率分布进行了研究，结果表明，理想代换导体视探ｈ约为５００ＫＭ，电导率σ为０．０７ｓ／ｍ（周期为１２小时），且存在２５０ＫＭ和７００ＫＭ深度附近的高导层，感应比例尺度实部Ｃ＾１ｒｅａｌ和Ｃ＾２ｒｅａｌ及内外场之比│Ｑ＾１│和│Ｑ＾２│似有１１年周期变化。各台测定的结果相当接近，和其他方法测定的范围结果基本一致。用冬夏季静日均值结果较春秋     

1996年3月19日新疆伽师－阿图什6．9级地震概况

１９９６年３月１９日新疆伽师－阿图什６．９级地震概况张洪由，彭岩（国家地震局地球物理研究所）１９９６年３月１９日晚在新疆伽师一阿图什北部低山区发生强烈地震，给当地人民群众的生命财产造成了严重损失。１震源参数１．１发震时间１９９６年３月且９日格林尼治时...     

Sompi谱分析方法在处理数字地震记录中的初步应用

使用数字地震记录，应用Ｓｏｍｐｉ谱分析方法，对１９８９年１月－１９９０年７月发生在唐山地区２０个地震５和１９８８年７月－１９８９年１０月发生在大同周围地区１０个地震波谱进行了分析，从而对１９９０年７月２３日唐山ＭＬ４．９震和４．９地震和１９８９年１０月１９日大同ＭＬ６．１地震Ｐ、Ｓ波频谱异常变化特征进行了研究。所得结果表明：地震前Ｐ、Ｓ波频谱的卓超频率ｆｄ可能呈现出较明显的下降异常变化。     

若羌6.6级地震形变前兆异常的对比观测研究

研究了１９９３年若羌６．６级地震前库尔勒地震台多种形变（应力、应变）对比观测资料，结果表明，前期异常始于１９９０年底，主体异常始于１９９３年２月，震前２－４个月是异常发展的主潮期。各手段观测到的异常彼此呼应，相互印证，起始和转折变化时间，或同步一致，或相继跟随；它们的异常幅度（量级）相差较大，在１０＾－６－１０＾－４之间；异常形态各有特点，而又不无相似。朝向震中的应变观测元件异常最明显，而倾斜矢量     

山东省定点形变倾斜观测异常指标研究

在研究我省形变台多年观测资料的基础上,提取各台各套仪器的正常变化形态及干扰形态,对山东菏泽５．９级、大同６．１级、南黄海５．３级等地震前的异常特征进行了分析、总结。 结果认为,当各台倾斜仪出现打破以往年变正常规律的形态及γ因子超出二倍中误差时,即可视为异常出现。当趋势异常或γ因子出现转折、大幅度波动时,即可视为进入短期阶段,应注意未来１个月左右地震发生的可能,矢量方向大致指向或背向震中。在进入短期     

On the synchronism in the events within the core and on the surface of the earth: the changes in the organic world and in the polarity of the geomagnetic field in the phanerozoic

The data on geomagnetic reversals are compared with the changes in the organic world and with the lower-mantle plumes. The times of the formation of plumes and the times of their appearance on the Earth’s surface relate to the intervals characterized by the different frequencies of geomagnetic reversals, i.e., there is no interrelation between the formation of plumes and the frequency of the changes in the geomagnetic field polarity. At the same time, a certain synchronism is observed between the frequency of the geomagnetic reversals and the boundaries of the biostratigraphic ages, i.e., the changes in the organic world in the long-period range. A hypothesis is proposed, which explains the change in the sign of the geomagnetic field by the combined effect of the irregular rotation of the internal core relative to the mantle and the changes in the slope angle of the axis of the Earth’s rotation, which, in turn, results in synchronous events on the Earth’s surface: the rates of changes in the organic world.     

Comparison Between the Nutations of the Planet Mars and the Nutations of the Earth

The nutations of the planets Mars andEarth are investigated and compared. Alarge number of interior structureparameters are involved in the nutationcomputations. The comparison between the observations and the computationsprovides several constraints on these parmeters andtherefore allows a better understanding of the physics of the interior of theplanet. For the Earth, the high precision of the observations of the nutationshas led to a very good determination of interior properties of the planet. ForMars, observations of nutations are not yet available, and we review how theamplitude of the Martian nutations depends on the hypotheses consideredfor its interior. Although Mars is very similar to the Earth, its interior is not well known;for example, we don't knowif its core is liquid or solid. Only if the core is liquid,the Free Core Nutation (FCN) normal mode exists and can alter the nutationswhich are close to the resonance. From the observed geoids, it is known thatboth planets are not in hydrostatic equilibrium. The departure is larger forMars than for the Earth, and consequently, the implication of considering a convective mantle instead of a mantle in hydrostatic equilibrium described byClairaut's equation for the initial equilibrium state of the planet is largeron the Martian nutations than on the Earth nutations. The consequences of theuncertainty in the core dimensions are also examined and shown to be of a veryhigh influence for Mars if the core is liquid, due to the potential changes inthe FCN resonance. The influence of the presence of an inner core, which isknown to exist for the Earth, could be more important for Mars than for theEarth if the inner core is large. Due to the presence of Tharsis on Mars, thetriaxiality of this planet has, additionally, larger effects than on Earth.     

太平洋中部地磁台11年周期变化的研究

综合APIA、HONOLULU、PAMATAI 3个地磁台三分量的11年周期变化的形态后,可定性地提出该变化源于内场。如内源为核幔边界的电涡流,则其中心点应位于3台之间。     

On the use of the autocorrelation method for estimating the depth to the magnetic basement

The depth to the top of magnetic dykes can be estimated from total field aeromagnetic data using the relation between the depth to magnetic sources and the autocorrelation function of magnetic data. By using synthetic anomalies we show that in the ideal case, depth can be determined to an accuracy of 10% or better, when the anomaly sources are two-dimensional dykes. However, the estimated depths depend on the width of the dykes. The estimated depth is about 0.6 times the actual depth to the top of thin dykes, and around the true depth for thick dykes having width-to-depth ratio around 3. The depth is considerably overestimated for very thick dykes (e.g., contacts, which is a special case of the thick dyke). Thus, the autocorrelation method requires that the width-to-depth ratio of the dyke is estimated independently to correctly estimate the depths. Alternatively, it must be assumed that the width-to-depth ratio for the two-dimensional source body is between 1.5 and 4.     

固体潮的地震预测研究与地球动力学研究之分析比较

本文分析了现行固体潮地震研究中的历史影响,对比研究了固体潮地震预测研究和固体潮地球动力学研究二者在振动频率、振动源体积、传输距离与介质等方面的地球物理特点与本质区别,强调了固体潮地震预测研究中最根本的工作是建立地震预测的目标和基本概念.     

On the Mechanism of the Secular Tidal Acceleration of the Solid Inner Core and the Viscosity of the Liquid Core

As is known, the secular deceleration of the Earth's diurnal rotation is explained mainly by the tidal friction in the ocean. Below we consider this mechanism in some detail, taking into account also elastic deformations of the mantle under the action of ocean loading and the interaction between the tide-generating body, ocean tidal wave, liquid outer core, and solid inner core. It is shown that elastic displacements of the core-mantle boundary under the action of ocean loading are of about the same amplitude and phase as the elastic loading displacements of the Earth's outer surface. As a result, side by side with the mechanism of secular deceleration of diurnal rotation of the mantle, there are also (1) the opposite mechanism of secular acceleration of diurnal rotation of the outer liquid core and of the solid inner core and (2) the mechanism of excitation of differential rotation in the liquid core. Taking these effects into account, we compare theoretical and modern observed data on the eastward drift of the solid inner core. It is shown that the best agreement may be obtained if the turbulent viscosity of the liquid core is about 2 × 10 ³ Poise     

Macrobenthic communities of the Pechora Sea: the past and the present on the threshhold of the prirazlomnoye oil-field exploitation

On data of bottom sampling, carried out by means of grab, trawl and underwater photography in August–September of 1993 in the area of the Pechora Sea, quantitative regularities of macrobenthos distribution are described for the ecological monitoring purposes. Maps of -biodiversity and biomass indices, bottom communities and trophic zones, singled out by dominant method, are presented. Assessment of structure changes of the investigated area bottom communities during the last 60–70 years is fulfilled. It is shown that the described communities on the whole are of natural undisturbed character and that the revealed changes are within the natural fluctuations in the abundance of benthic populations or may be interpreted in terms of methodical differences in the data analysis and generalization by different authors.     

动水压力对深水桥墩地震响应影响的研究综述

地震激励下处于深水中的桥墩和周围水体的相互作用将对桥梁结构的动力响应产生较大影响。首先对地震作用下水-桥墩的相互作用理论做了概括,给出了动水压力对桥墩的作用效应及各自的适用范围;对主要的三种考虑流固耦合效应的分析方法做了对比,探讨了地震作用下影响水-结构相互作用的主要因素,并对今后的研究提出了建议。     

On the maintenance of the axisymmetric part of the flow in the atmosphere

Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan.     

环太平洋俯冲带内双地震带及其成因机制研究进展

俯冲带作为地球最为庞大的循环系统的重要组成部分,已成为地球科学的研究热点之一.很多俯冲带,特别是环太平洋俯冲带内的中深源地震,在空间上呈明显的分层分布,并且各层地震具有不同的震源机制,即所谓的双地震带现象.本文简要介绍了环太平洋双地震带形态特征与震源机制的空间分布,并回顾了双地震带的几种成因模型.根据形态特征和震源机制的差异,中源深度的双地震带可以分为两类,其中,一类双地震带对应上、下二层分别为压缩和张性的地震分布;另一类双地震带的震源分布较浅,且其浅部地震以横向压缩为主.此外,日本本州东北俯冲带的地震分布可能是由三层地震带组成的,而且汤加、伊豆-小笠原地区还发现深源深度的双地震带.通过对双地震带的形态特征以及其热力学条件的研究,人们从抗弯作用、脱水脆化、相变断层等多方面,尝试建立解释双地震带成因的模型.目前,大多数研究利用数值计算结果,结合蛇纹石脱水脆化、相变断层模型,能够不同程度地分别解释中源和深源双地震带成因.不过,这些模型几乎相互独立,并不能同时解释中源和深源双地震带.有人试图尝试用统一模型解释中深源地震成因,例如,先前存在的断层模型,不过该模型还不很具有说服力.也可能是多种因素的联合作用,共同影响着俯冲板内的温度场、应力场分布.