中国电子信息制造业时空格局演化及影响因素

为探究后经济危机时期中国电子信息制造业的时空变化及其影响因素,基于基尼系数、空间相关性分析、负二项回归模型等方法,采用天眼查企业数据库以及相关城市统计年鉴数据,对2009－2018年中国电子信息制造业时空格局演化及影响因素进行分析,结果表明：1）中国电子信息制造业稳步发展,由出口导向转为内需拉动。2）企业主要集中在珠三角、长三角地区,长江中游城市群蓄势待发,中部及川渝地区的城市发展迅猛而东北地区陷入发展困境,企业空间分布存在显著的空间正相关关系。3）深圳、东莞等城市一直为产业重要集聚区,城市两级分化严重。3）总体上,企业更倾向于选址在产业协同集聚程度高、创新能力强、劳动力成本较高而经济后发城市;在城市群尺度,不同因素对不同城市群存在异质性,反映产业发展水平、特点存在很大差异,长三角企业偏好创新能力高、产业市场化水平高且交通基础设施完善的城市,珠三角企业偏好劳动力成本高的城市,京津冀城市偏好劳动力成本高且交通基础设施完善的城市,成渝地区企业偏好产业市场化水平高且创新能力弱的后发城市,长江中游城市偏好劳动力成本高的后发城市。     

全球竞争与地方传统产业的竞争力构建——以温州为例

全球化形势下地方生产体系的构建和区域竞争力问题是现今学术界关注的焦点之一。我国浙江省和苏南地区 ,传统产业的地方化生产体系已经有了一定基础 ,对推动地方经济的发展做出了很大贡献。经济活动全球化的发展 ,进一步强化了地方化生产体系的重要性。本文分析了温州地方化企业网络的特征 ,并以浙江温州正泰集团和温州俊尔高聚物公司两家企业为例 ,阐明在全球化作用下 ,地方中小企业可通过企业网络重建和持续的学习与创新 ,构建其竞争优势。     

Tourism, Globalisation and Critical Security in Myanmar and Thailand

This paper seeks to articulate recent debates on globalisation and critical security with the process and local impact of international tourism development in Thailand and Myanmar (Burma). It argues that, although tourism is an important manifestation of the globalisation phenomenon, its impact on host societies is very much dependent upon the influence of local institutions and actors. Hence, the enquiry will focus principally upon the "global-local interface". The impact of tourism is viewed within the "new security" framework which involves broadening the notion of security beyond its traditional focus on military issues and inter-state relations into such realms as economic, environmental and societal security with a strong emphasis on sub-national situations. Using empirical examples of forced labour and human rights in Myanmar, the HIV/AIDS crisis and societal insecurity in Thailand and Myanmar, and the environmental impact of golf tourism in Thailand and elsewhere, the paper attempts to show how the perceived macro-level benefits of active tourism promotion are frequently traded off against significant, and occasionally severe, negative local security impacts. How such a situation occurs will be the principal focus of this investigation.     

河北省阳原县冷凉性气候资源开发与蔬菜产业结构调整

立足于冷凉性气候资源的开发 ,将低温干旱资源劣势转化为喜凉蔬菜生产的优势 ,以补充京津及周边地区淡季蔬菜市场 ,这是北方半干旱农牧交错带农业发展的重要方向。     

大连市文化企业的空间分布变化与区位影响因素

基于大连市2000年、2008年和2016年文化企业数据,以街道为空间尺度,运用全局自相关、热点区分析、负二项回归模型等方法探究大连市文化企业空间分布变化与区位影响因素。结果发现:① 大连市文化企业空间布局整体呈现明显的“市中心”偏好,2000-2016年文化企业空间扩散现象明显,但核心城区的集聚程度却不断提高,最终呈现出“两心一带”的分布格局。② 大连市的南部地区一直是全市文化企业的热点地区,表现出明显的圈层特性。在研究时段内热点区域面积减少,但是热点集聚中心的位置没有发生变化。③ 生产型文化企业仍高度集聚于传统中心城区,消费型文化企业则向城区边缘和新区扩散,形成多中心集聚的分布格局。④ 在街道空间尺度下,区位要素和集聚要素对文化企业的区位选择具有显著影响,政策要素的影响不显著。与消费型文化企业相比,生产型文化企业对集聚效益、文化资源和商务环境等因素更敏感。     

产业多样化、创新与经济韧性 ——基于后危机时期珠三角的实证

2008年金融危机冲击对珠三角的外向型经济造成巨大冲击，城镇发展面临一系列工业经济放缓、产业人口流失和厂房住宅空置等问题。针对危机过后珠三角城市所表现出的经济韧性，文章重点研究了城市经济结构、产业创新与经济韧性的关系，通过对产业多样化、相关多样化、非相关多样化、创新与经济韧性进行测度，探讨了上述指标在时空上的分异特征，并运用回归分析方法分析了这种分异的影响因素。研究发现：1）产业结构多样化、创新对提升珠三角城市经济韧性有显著的促进作用，同时经济发展水平与经济韧性存在正向关系；2）珠三角经济韧性的时间变化和空间分布存在明显分异，受金融危机冲击影响经济韧性波动变化明显，而创新驱动战略的实施则有效提升区域创新水平；3）珠三角强大的国内市场有助于抵御经济危机冲击所带来的外部需求萎缩，在保持较高经济开放程度的同时具有较好的经济韧性；4）相关多样化与非相关多样化对珠三角经济韧性的影响是趋异的，非相关多样化能有效地分散并降低外部冲击的风险，而相关多样化则更容易导致危机向相关联部门的蔓延。     

Resource Struggles and the Politics of Place in North Lampung, Indonesia

This paper considers the difficulties inherent in countering the negative effects of globalisation in Indonesia through an enhanced recognition of place-based cultural communities, which are seen to offer an alternative and more progressive path towards development. Focusing on the local history of resource struggles involving Javanese migrants and local people in North Lampung, the paper examines the ways that different groups of migrants and local Lampung people have dealt with changing resource control mechanisms in the context of the local transmigration ( Translok ) programme and large-scale agro-industrial development in the region. Whilst elites have been able to develop their personal wealth by capitalising on political and economic uncertainty, poor people from both groups have had to contend with conflict and increasing livelihood vulnerability that, if anything, has been intensified through the reassertion of place-based cultures of resource control. In challenging populist narratives of resistance to transmigration that pit migrants against "indigenous" local people, the paper identifies the class-related ambivalences towards development and structures of authority that cut across community and locality in the Translok zone     

跨国移民企业的形象建构及其影响机制研究

在全球化背景下,随着中非合作不断深化,在非洲的中国企业与地方愈加紧密的经济和社会联系不仅加速了非洲城市化进程,而且也深化了移民企业的本土化程度,使其成为日常社会实践中必不可少的组成部分,以多元化的方式重塑非洲社会对于华人企业和中国国家形象的理解。目前国内学界有关中国移民企业及其在当地形象建构方式和影响的研究较少,尤其缺少基于微观视角探讨企业形象的影响因素。基于此,本文以津巴布韦哈拉雷地区的华人移民企业作为案例,结合定性和定量混合的研究方法,通过问卷、参与式观察和深度访谈,探讨影响非洲员工企业形象建构以及对华人企业继续在当地建厂支持程度的因素,以反映中国移民企业在非洲当地的社会融入情况。研究表明：显著影响因素主要与工厂的工作环境、管理体制、社会网络以及对区域的影响有关,而与非洲员工个体因素关联性较弱。因此,研究进一步置于特定的政治、经济、文化背景进行分析,并为“一带一路”建设背景下移民企业融入地方社会发展提供借鉴。     

Nationalism, Populism, Dependency: Southeast Asia and Responses to the Asian Crisis

Opposition to neoliberal globalisation has been especially intense since the Asian crisis. This paper assesses three responses to the crisis: a broad localist reaction in Thailand, and the approaches adopted by two major Asian-based organisations, the Third World Network (TWN) and the Focus on the Global South. The discussion of these approaches focuses on the issues of nationalism and populism; dependency; industrialisation and the state; and liberalisation, international institutions, and local society. Their critiques range from the conservative populism of the localists, to reformism of TWN, and to the more radical "deglobalisation" approach of the Focus group. However, none have been able to free themselves of the influence of dependency models. Their populism and "progressive nationalism" prevents an accurate location of the causes of exploitation in capitalist processes. This paper questions whether the national-global dichotomy of these approaches is an adequate way to conceptualise capitalist production and exploitation in the era of globalisation.     

Neoliberal Globalisation, "Exotic" Agro-exports, and Local Change in the Pacific Islands: A Study of the Fijian Kava Sector

The economically vulnerable and geographically isolated states and territories of the Pacific Islands find themselves increasingly powerless to resist the recent accelerated diffusion of globalisation and the economic options that this entails. Neoliberal policy has arrived in the ocean region later than elsewhere in the tropical world and in the developing world in general. However, it now almost exclusively frames regional and state policy agendas, and is profoundly restructuring economies and societies across the region. Agriculture, by far the leading economic sector in Pacific Island countries, has been targeted specifically for reform. The cultivation of non-traditional agricultural exports has formed the centrepiece of the evolving strategy. As well as "staple" exports such as sugar, copra, and taro going to non-traditional markets, "exotic" niche products are being developed for export to high income markets in Europe, Asia and North America. A major example of such a product is kava – a "traditional" crop used in the preparation of a ceremonial and/or social drink. Psycho- and physiological properties have been identified in the plant by the pharmaceutical industry that is marketing a range of kava products. Produced widely across the Pacific, Fiji is the major export source. This paper traces the evolution of globalisation in the Pacific Islands, placing the current wave of neoliberalism in its historical context. It goes on to outline the evolution of the Fijian kava export sector, and investigates some of the local socio-economic impacts of recent market growth. Given the evidence presented in this study, the paper asks if the power relations evolving under contemporary neoliberal globalisation are likely to be any different from those that existed during colonial globalisation.     

文化创意产业区位模型与浙江实证

以浙江省为例,基于区位熵方法借助从业人员数据刻画文化创意产业空间格局,并运用主成分分析法与OLS模型,甄别驱动因素佐证文化创意产业区位模型。结果表明：① 市域尺度浙江文化创意产业区位规律不仅具有“资本空间”（杭州）集聚性,还具有“地方空间”（舟山、金华和台州）分异性;② 经济科教、政府支持、市场需求、环境、交通和地方性是重要区位因素,且不同重点行业、不同地理层级所受区位因素不尽相同;③ 浙江文化创意产业全行业区位特征主要是基础设施和管治双要素驱动型,8重点行业区位特征主要是“软因子”驱动型;④ 研究有助于提升城市文化创意产业政策着力点与规划调控协同性。     

非洲欠发达地区首都新城开发策略研究

近年来,以各国首都为代表的非洲城市呈现高速扩张态势,由此催生了新城开发的浪潮。本文梳理了非洲新城开发的理论和实践,总结了其背景和驱动力、关键性角色及面临的挑战。以刚果共和国首都布拉柴维尔市东部新城开发实践为例,通过实地调研获取资料,总结其驱动因素,概述了所在国政府、企业、金融机构等的作用,以及其存在的政治经济形式不稳定、土地交易市场不成熟、地质灾害风险等现实挑战。以新城概念规划方案为蓝本,提出设计弹性城市规划方案、建立完善土地管理制度、政企协同开发、多渠道筹备资金、工程设计保障地质安全、建设通达的道路交通系统、各类需求或文化背景人群分片开发住宅区、建造经济便捷的住宅产品、配建符合各方需求的公共服务设施、设立与当地经济发展相适应的产业园区开发策略。     

Geographies of the financial crisis

Real estate is, by definition, local as it is spatially fixed. Mortgage lending, however, has developed from a local to a national market and is increasingly a global market today. An understanding of the financial crisis is ultimately a spatialised understanding of the linkages between local and global. This article looks at the geographies of the mortgage crisis and credit crunch and asks the question: how are different places affected by the crisis? The article looks at different states, different cities, different neighbourhoods and different financial centres. Investors in many places had invested in residential mortgage backed securities and have seen their value drop. Housing bubbles, faltering economies and regulation together have shaped the geography of the financial crisis on the state and city level in the US. Subprime and predatory lending have affected low-income and minority communities more than others and we therefore not only see a concentration of foreclosures in certain cities, but also in certain neighbourhoods. On an international level, the long-term economical and political consequences of this are still mostly unknown, but it is clear that some financial centres in Asia (including the Middle East) will become more important now that globalisation is coming full circle. This article does not present new empirical research, but brings together work from different literatures that all in some way have a specific angle on the financial crisis. The aim of this article is to make the geographical dimensions of the financial crisis understandable to geographers that are not specialists in all – or even any – of these literatures, so that they can comprehend the spatialisation of this crisis.     

老工业城市产业转型及其就业变化研究——以沈阳市为例

老工业城市产业转型是区域经济中的一个独特现象,其成功与否将直接影响区域经济的发展。文章在深入分析老工业城市产业转型与就业变化两者互动关系的基础上,以典型的老工业城市沈阳市为例,探讨了沈阳市产业转型过程中的产业升级、产业替代和产业融合,对城市就业结构、就业制度以及就业文化方面的影响。最后总结了老工业城市产业转型与就业变化的特征,讨论了沈阳市在产业转型过程中促进就业的对策措施,以此为东北地区老工业城市产业结构的调整和就业政策的制定提供科学依据。     

Between the "Global" and the "Local": On Global Locality and Local Globality

This study offers new perspectives on the impact of global and local interactions on cities today. We look at two opposing ways of integrating global processes with the local functioning of cities. The first mode relates to a city representing unique local significance that is recognized and valued on the global scale. This globality is not economic but it affects the global interactions of individuals, institutions, and businesses in these cities. We term this type of city a global locality. The second mode is a city that serves as a local cultural and economic gateway to its region. Whether located higher or lower on the World Cities roster, at the local and regional scale it serves as both business center and cultural hub. We term this type of city a local globality. In this article, we discuss both city types using Tel Aviv-Jaffa and Jerusalem as examples.     

新世纪中国银行体制改革与地方银行机构 网点的空间分布 ——兼与全国性商业银行的比较

20世纪90年代以来,中国银行体制改革催生了以城市商业银行和农村商业银行为代表的地方银行,它们以中小企业和城乡居民为主要服务对象,弥补了全国性商业银行的市场空缺,在我国金融体系中发挥着日益重要的作用。对银行体制改革的分析发现,城市商业银行和农村商业银行从仅限于单一地区经营,到放开地域经营限制,允许跨区域设立分行后,两银行机构网点的数量呈现出快速增长趋势,其网点的地理分布在改革前后发生了较大变化。将两银行与全国性商业银行的网点分布进行对比发现,其总行布局与地方经济发展刺激下的金融需求有着更为密切的联系;两银行跨区域设立异地分行的区位选择具有较大差别：城市商业银行优先选择发达地区,而后采取全国性战略布局和区域性梯度式布局两种模式扩张;农村商业银行则优先考虑欠发达地区,然后主要以区域内跳跃式扩张。     

Double exposure in Mozambique's Limpopo River Basin

This paper examines how double exposure to economic and environmental stressors – and the interaction between the two – affect smallholder farmers in Mozambique's Limpopo River Basin. Studying two case study villages we find that people, in general, are resilient to environmental stressors. However, most households show less resilience to the socioeconomic stressors and shocks that have been introduced or intensified by economic globalisation. Our findings indicate that economic change brought about by structural adjustment policies pressures rural people to alter their approach to farming, which makes it more difficult for them to respond to environmental change. For example, smallholder farmers find it difficult to make a transition to commercial farming within the Limpopo Basin, in part because farming techniques that are well adapted to managing environmental variability in the region – such as seeding many small plots – are not well suited to the economies of scale needed for profitable commercial agriculture. People use a variety of strategies to cope with interactive environmental and economic stressors and shocks, but many face considerable constraints to profitably exploiting market-based opportunities. We conclude that economic stressors and shocks may now be causing small-scale agriculture to be less well adapted to ecological and climate variability, making smallholders more vulnerable to future climate change. Some local level policy interventions, including those that support and build on local environmental knowledge, could assist rural agricultural societies in adapting to future environmental change in the context of economic globalisation.     

Buenos Aires,capital of tango: tourism,redevelopment and the cultural politics of neoliberal urbanism

In this paper, I problematize the connections between global tourism, urban redevelopment and cultural policy in Buenos Aires. Market-oriented approaches to urban growth have continued after Argentina’s economic collapse of 2001–2002. Devaluation produced unprecedented international affordability, which triggered a tourism boom. City government capitalized on this through cultural initiatives. Yet tourist-oriented cultural entrepreneurialism promoted forms of disjointed redevelopment that exacerbate socio-spatial inequality and fragmentation. Moreover, Mayor Macri has been advancing a cultural politics of scale that recasts Buenos Aires as a world-class city, while mobilizing localist identities to oppose national efforts towards income redistribution and intercultural recognition. Particularly important have been the recent appropriations of tango as a cultural commodity. Deployed for city marketing and selective reinvestment, tango also emboldens Eurocentric narratives of cosmopolitan urbanity that legitimize racialized exclusion and geographical elitism. Concluding remarks suggest that socio-political uses of tango are not the exclusive domain of neoliberal urbanism, and research implications are discussed beyond Buenos Aires.     

Equity Issues in the 'New Prosperity' of the 1990s: The case of Sydney

Equity issues associated with Sydney's engagement with prosperity, especially over the last decade, are examined. Sydney is positioned within the historic contexts of major national economic change and of globalisation, noting especially the rise in importance of the financial, property and business services sectors. These sectors are concentred in inner Sydney and have helped position Sydney as Australia's leading global city, thereby generating jobs and growth in incomes. At the same time, however, there have been major shifts in patterns of income distribution across the Sydney metropolitan area and between Sydney and other parts of Australia. In particular, we note the 'revitalisation' of Sydney's inner-urban areas and their association with new forms of Central Business District (CBD) workforce growth and a significant realignment of journey-to-work patterns. Using Australian Taxation Office income data, the dynamics and some of the equity outcomes of 1990s prosperity within the Sydney metropolitan area are examined, paying particular attention to the impact of change in and around the Sydney CBD and the City of Sydney local government area. We find that there has been a complex shift in the nature of inequality across the Sydney metropolitan area, including a widening in incomes in some instances and a major geographic shift in Sydney's income-divide axis. The paper concludes by arguing that ongoing economic prosperity in Sydney will depend on the extent to which social cleavage can be avoided by a more equitable sharing of the benefits of prosperity.     

社会变革和制度文化制约下的“多尺度嵌入”——以缅甸莱比塘铜矿项目为例

“一带一路”倡议的深入推进加速了中国企业对外投资的步伐。而对于这些“走出去”的企业而言,往往面临着东道国社会环境及治理结构变革、制度制约、文化冲突等多重挑战。此前经济地理学提出的“主动嵌入”和“被动嵌入”,并不能完全解释“一带一路”倡议背景下中国企业在“走出去”过程中所呈现的“外资”与东道国治理结构、地方制度文化环境之间的复杂相互作用关系。本研究构建了“全球-国家-地方”多尺度嵌入的分析框架,以缅甸莱比塘铜矿为例,阐释企业如何通过多样化制度创新,顺应东道国的社会变革,突破制度和文化的制约,从而取得政府、企业、当地社区“多赢”局面的合作模式,从而从新的视角理解制度的多尺度性和尺度之间的相互作用。研究发现：尺度要素之间存在耦合关联作用,且作用模式有不同的组合,同时多个尺度要素的嵌入和影响过程也存在时序效应。最后,结合莱比塘案例,为中国企业“走出去”提出了政策建议。